Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UNIPROT:P01185 (vasopressin)
 23,126 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We have reviewed 14 cases of water intoxication in psychiatric patients. In these cases the possibility of the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) was suspected or diagnosed. The SIADH should be suspected in psychotic patients who drink water excessively, develop seizures, disorientation and deterioration of mental status.
 ...
PMID:The syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH): an overview. 43 92

Three cases of psychosis, polydipsia, and water intoxication are presented as examples of a syndrome that is potentially unrecognized in psychiatric settings. Diagnostic and etiologic considerations, with particular attention to the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH), are discussed through a review of relevant literature. A schema for a routine psychiatric evaluation is described that will minimize overlooking this association of psychosis and disturbed water balance.
 ...
PMID:Psychosis and water intoxication. 45 18

Plasma antidiuretic hormone (ADH) measured by radioimmunoassay was higher in acutely psychotic subjects than in acutely anxious nonpsychotic subjects or normal subjects. ADH was not elevated in acutely anxious nonpsychotic subjects. ADH was positively correlated with degree of psychosis. Normal osmolar and volume regulatory mechanisms did not seem responsible for the ADH elevations in the psychotic subjects. Because ADH is both produced in the hypothalamus and can be accurately measured in blood, this substance may prove particularly valuable in the study of psychiatric disorders.
 ...
PMID:Is antidiuretic hormone elevated in psychosis? A pilot study. 56 72

A 31-year-old woman with untreated chronic schizophrenia developed extreme polydipsia which rapidly led to coma and death due to cerebral edema. Hyponatremia (120 mEq/liter) and serum hypo-osmolality (260 mOsm/kg) were associated with marked polyuria (up to 1850 ml/hour) and appropriately low urinary osmolality (90 mOsm/kg) which responded to treatment. This case and few qualifying previous reports which are reviewed support the possibility that pure self-induced water intoxication with no major contribution of inadequate release of antidiuretic hormone may occur, and that extreme polydipsia can sometimes overwhelm normal renal diluting capacity in psychotic patients.
 ...
PMID:Schizophrenia and fatal self-induced water intoxication with appropriately-diluted urine. 226 78

Water intoxication mostly occurs in psychiatric patients. We observed 13 episodes of severe hyponatremia (less than 120 mmol/l) following a period of increased water consumption in 10 psychiatric patients (5 men, 5 women, mean age 48.8 years) treated with neuroleptics and/or benzodiazepines. Other causes of hyponatremia were excluded. The initial clinical signs were associated with severe gastrointestinal and neurological disorders requiring intensive care. In every case a gradual return to normal of natremia was obtained by creating a negative water balance while compensating for the sodium loss. From a study of urine and plasma osmolality ratio (U/P osm) on admission, several physiopathological mechanisms could be envisaged. A U/P osm ratio lower than 1 (6 cases) suggested a water intake exceeding the maximum dilution capacity of the kidneys (20-25 1), or a lesser water intake with little or no osmolal intake, or again an intrarenal disorder of urine dilution. When the U/P osm ratio was higher than 1 (7 cases), reflecting inappropriate secretion of the antidiuretic hormone, the hyponatremia could be explained by the psychosis itself, the treatment taken by the patients, a disorder of thirst regulation and/or a non-osmotic stimulation of vasopressin. This population, therefore, was heterogeneous: the mechanisms which contribute to this pathology are not fully elucidated, and they probably involve several factors.
 ...
PMID:[Water intoxication in psychiatric patients. 13 cases of severe hyponatremia]. 248 2

Six new cases of psychogenic water intoxication are discussed in the light of 150 observations published in the literature since 1935. 87% of all patients were schizophrenic, and 13% had other psychoses and a variety of functional and organic psychopathies. Psychogenic polydipsia is a prerequisite of psychogenic water intoxication. Water intake either overrides an intact osmoregulation (46% of all cases) or, allied to an inadequate urinary dilutional capacity (54%), leads to a transitory, sometimes repeated, and (in 8% of all cases) lethal water intoxication and hypoosmolality. - The consequence of hypoosmolality is metabolic encephalopathy, with agitation, convulsions and coma as its most common symptoms. Profuse diuresis, enuresis and urinary retention, gastric dilatation, watery vomiting and watery diarrhea are diagnostically helpful symptoms of polydipsia typically denied by the patients. Hypoosmolality/hyponatremia are the hallmarks of water intoxication. However, fewer than 50% of all patients present with the expected maximal urinary dilution. Inadequate ADH activity and increased sensitivity of the renal tubule to antidiuretic hormone are the pathogenetic factors in this inappropriate urinary dilution, while psychosis, psychotropic drugs, diuretics, nicotine and alcohol withdrawal are possible causes and cofactors of polydipsia and inadequate urinary dilution. New aspects of treatment are discussed.
 ...
PMID:[Psychogenic water intoxication]. 264 58

A historical review is given of the origins of the concepts of negative symptoms. An outline is given of the conceptual difficulties inherent to the negative syndrome, especially influences related to post psychotic depressed patients, neuroleptic treatment and institutionalization are critically reviewed. Subsequently pathophysiological and etiological theories of negative symptoms are reviewed and discussed. The last part of this article contains a discussion of therapeutical strategies in the treatment of negative symptoms. Firstly dopamine agonist strategies are discussed, secondly the role of neuropeptides (vasopressin and TRH) in the treatment of negative symptoms is discussed and a putative therapeutic role for these peptides is suggested.
 ...
PMID:[Negative symptoms and schizophrenia. A concise review of clinical and pharmacotherapeutic data]. 266 3

Elevated plasma vasopressin concentrations have been documented in antipsychotic drug-treated patients as well as a drug-free acutely psychotic patients. To evaluate the effects of antipsychotic drugs on plasma vasopressin, we measured vasopressin response to a single dose of intramuscular chlorpromazine or intravenous haloperidol in normal individuals and to 2 weeks of oral antipsychotics in patients with acute schizophrenia. Neither intramuscular chlorpromazine nor intravenous haloperidol affected plasma vasopressin in normals, except in one subject who developed high plasma vasopressin concentrations coincident with marked hypotension following chlorpromazine. Prior to antipsychotics, two acute schizophrenia patients had elevated plasma vasopressin concentrations, which normalized during antipsychotic drug treatment. We conclude that antipsychotics do not directly stimulate vasopressin release, but may indirectly stimulate vasopressin release by well-described baroreceptor reflex mechanisms if hypotension occurs. Also, acute schizophrenia may be associated with increased plasma vasopressin levels in some patients.
 ...
PMID:Antipsychotic drugs and plasma vasopressin in normals and acute schizophrenic patients. 356 60

This report describes a 63-yr-old man with lung cancer accompanying hypertension, hyperpigmentation, muscle weakness, psychosis, hypokalemia, hyperglycemia, hyponatremia, massive natriuresis and lower serum osmolality than urine osmolality. Elevated levels of plasma and urine corticosteroids and of plasma immunoreactive adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) were not altered by the administration of large amounts of dexamethasone. Elevated plasma antidiuretic hormone (ADH) values were also demonstrated. Postmortem examinations revealed small cell lung carcinoma with extensive metastasis, bilateral adrenocortical hyperplasia and Crooke's degeneration of the pituitary gland. Immunoradiological and immunohistochemical studies demonstrated the presence of immunoreactive ACTH, ADH and gastrin-releasing peptide in the tumor tissue. Beta-melanocyte-stimulating hormone, calcitonin and carcinoembryonic antigen were also detected by one of the methods. Hence, this is a rare case of lung cancer with multiple hormone production and clinical and laboratory evidence of both the ectopic ACTH and ADH syndromes.
 ...
PMID:Small cell lung carcinoma with ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormone and antidiuretic hormone syndromes: a case report. 632 89

A case of tuberculous Addison's disease presenting with psychosis, profound hyponatraemia, and detectable plasma antidiuretic hormone is reported. Clinical and biochemical improvement after corticosteroid replacement was followed by relapse with further psychosis and inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion: both were promptly reversed by demethylchlortetracycline. The association of psychological symptoms with Addison's disease, the role of anti-diuretic hormone secretion in Addison's disease, and the inter-relationship between Addison's disease, psychosis and anti-diuretic hormone secretion are discussed.
 ...
PMID:Addison's disease, psychosis, and the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone. 641 66


1 2 3 4 Next >>