Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UNIPROT:P01185 (vasopressin)
 23,126 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

1. Pituitary glands of adult rats of both sexes, of lactating female and of new-born rats, incubated in a Locke solution, release both oxytocin and vasopressin. The amount of hormones released, during a measured period of incubation, is related to the actual hormone content of the gland.2. Increasing the concentration of KCl in the incubation medium, with CaCl(2) present and in concentration of at least 2.2 mM, produces an enhanced release of both hormones from pituitary glands of adults, but does not affect the release of hormones from glands of new-born animals.3. Addition of ouabain to the incubation medium produces a marked increase of the release of the hormones from glands of both adult and new-born rats. This is accompanied by an extrusion of K ion and an influx of Na ion. The effect of ouabain on the hormone release and the shift of ions can be reversed by subsequent addition of adenosine triphosphate.4. The increased release of hormones produced by ouabain, in glands from new-born rats, is unaffected by the presence or absence of CaCl(2). In adults, however, the effect of ouabain, though present, is reduced in the absence of CaCl(2).5. It is suggested that in glands from adult animals, the hormones must be freed from their attachment on the protein-carrier, neurophysin and that this can be achieved by the entry of calcium ion into the cell. The subsequent secretion of the ;freed' hormones appears to be accompanied by a shift of ions across the cell membrane.6. In glands from neonates up to 3 weeks old, the absence of neurophysin, or its poor capacity for binding the hormones, explains the inability of calcium to operate in the same way as in the glands of adults. There is evidence suggesting that the secretion of the neurohypophysial hormones in the new-born animal consists mainly of their diffusion from the cells, without previous elution of the hormones as in adults.
 ...
PMID:Release of vasopressin and oxytocin from isolated pituitary glands of adult and new-born rats. 1699 30

Pituitary adenomas may be the cause of the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH), although few cases have so far been reported. We described a case of hypotonic hyponatremia in a 76-yr-old man with a pituitary macroadenoma. He had a recent history of two syncopal attacks which had occurred in the last two months. Baseline assessment demonstrated a sodium serum level of 114 mEq/l. Clinically, the patient appeared euvolemic. Thyroid and adrenal function testing did not show any abnormality. Plasma and urinary osmolality (238 and 186 mOsm/kg, respectively) were in agreement with the diagnosis of SIADH. Accordingly, 3% hypertonic saline solution was started, followed by water intake restriction when natremia reached 126 mEq/l. A computed tomography (CT) scan of the chest revealed the presence of a 2-cm lesion in the azygos-esophageal recess. Because the nature of the lesion appeared uncertain, antibiotic therapy was initiated. After one month, a new CT scan did not show any evidence of the mediastinic mass. Sodium serum level was within the normal range (141 mEq/l) and remained stable thereafter, without fluid restriction. This case very well demonstrates that, in the presence of hyponatremia due to SIADH, more frequently associated co-morbidities (ie mediastinic diseases) have to be searched, even in the presence of a possible, yet rare, cause of this syndrome (ie pituitary adenoma).
 ...
PMID:Hyponatremia and pituitary adenoma: think twice about the etiopathogenesis. 1703 67

Gestational diabetes insipidus (GDI) is a rare disorder characterised by polyuria, polydypsia, and excessive thirst usually manifesting in the third trimester of pregnancy. The etiology is thought to depend on excessive vasopressinase activity, a placental enzyme that degrades arginine-vasopressin (AVP), but not 1-deamino-8-D: -arginine vasopressin (dDAVP), which is a synthetic form. This is a transient syndrome and may be associated with acute fatty liver of pregnancy and preeclampsia. The use of dDAVP in symptomatic cases has been proven as a safe method for both the mother and the fetus during the pregnancy. We report a case of recurrent gestational diabetes insipidus in successive pregnancies, which responded to dDAVP and subsided after delivery.
Pituitary 2007
PMID:Transient gestational diabetes insipidus diagnosed in successive pregnancies: review of pathophysiology, diagnosis, treatment, and management of delivery. 1730 61

The 5'-UTR of the vasopressin V1b receptor (V1bR) mRNA contains small open reading frames (ORF) located upstream (u) of the main ORF encoding the V1bR. The ability of the three proximal uORFs to be translated into peptides and their influence on V1bR translation was examined using fusion constructs of uORFs and V5 epitope, or ATG/ATA uORF mutations in the V1bR cDNA. In vitro translation and western blot analysis after transfection of uORF1-V5 or uORF2-V5 into cells revealed that uORF1 can be translated. As predicted by computer analysis, in vitro translation using a rabbit reticulocyte/canine microsome system, immunohistochemistry and western blot in membranes of transfected cells with uORF1-V5 revealed translocation of the uORF1 peptide into membrane fractions. In vitro translation of V1bR cDNA with mutations of the two uORFs proximal to the initiating methionine, uORFs 1 and 2 (Mut 1-2), or uORF2 (Mut 2) showed significantly increased translation of a 46 kDa band corresponding to the V1bR, compared with wild-type (WT) V1bR, an effect that was attenuated by cotranslation of uORF1-V5. Consistently, VP-induced inositol phosphate formation was higher in Chinese hamster ovay cells transfected with Mut 1-2 than with WT V1bR. Immunohistochemical and western blot analysis, using an antibody against uORF1, revealed peptide immunoreactivity in rat pituitary but not in liver. Pituitary uORF immunoreactivity increased following glucocorticoid administration. The present study shows that uORFs in the 5'-UTR of the V1bR mRNA inhibit V1bR translation, and suggests that translation of a 38-amino acid membrane peptide encoded by uORF1 exerts tonic inhibition of V1bR translation.
 ...
PMID:Inhibition of vasopressin V1b receptor translation by upstream open reading frames in the 5'-untranslated region. 1735 21

Polyuria and polydipsia could be present in three groups of diseases; polydipsia psicogena characterized by an excessive water intake, central diabetes insipidus (CDI) with a defect in the production of AVP and nephrogenic diabetes insipidus in which a defect in the renal response to vasopressin is present. In particular, CDI can be caused by lesions like germinoma and craniopharyngioma, Langerhans'cell histiocytosis, inflammatory, autoimmune and vascular diseases, trauma resulting from surgery or an accident; and in rare cases, genetic defects in the synthesis of vasopressin that are inherited as autosomal dominant or X-linked recessive traits. However, 30% to 50% of cases are considered idiopathic. Nevertheless, 30-50% of cases is considered idiopathic. Here we present the case of a 5.5 year-old female patient, referred to our Department of Endocrinology Surgery for polyuria and polydipsia. Hormonal tests demonstrated the presence of CDI with normal anterior pituitary function. Magnetic resonance imaging showed the lack of hyperintensity of posterior pituitary. Pituitary stalk was median and of regular volume. Diagnosis of CDI has been confirmed and therapy has been started with desmopressin (Minirin) 0.2 mg/die. During the follow-up the patient was in good conditions, presented an adequate hydro-electrolytic balance and normal growth velocity. Anterior pituitary function was normal and MR remained stable. This case report highlights problems concerning differential diagnosis and the importance of a careful follow-up which must involve the whole family.
 ...
PMID:[Polyuria and polydipsia in a 5 year-old child: diagnostic problems]. 1797 91

Hypothalamic supraoptic nucleus (SON) has been demonstrated to involve in pain modulation. Acupuncture analgesia is a very useful clinical skill for pain relief, which has over 2500-year history in China. The present study investigated the effect of SON on acupuncture analgesia in the rat. Electrical stimulation of the SON or microinjection of a small dose L-glutamate sodium into the SON enhanced acupuncture analgesia in a dose-dependent manner, while cauterization of the SON weakened acupuncture analgesia. Pituitary removal did not influence the effect of L-glutamate sodium that enhanced acupuncture analgesia in the SON. The data suggested that the neurons and not the nerve fibers in the SON played an important role in acupuncture analgesia, which effect might be through the central nervous system rather than the hypothalamo-neurohypophyseal system.
 ...
PMID:Effect of hypothalamic supraoptic nucleus on acupuncture analgesia in the rat. 1835 46

Corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) coordinates behavioral, autonomic and hormonal responses to stress, including activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis with stimulation of adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) and glucocorticoids. Differential changes of expression of CRH and vasopressin(VP) in the parvicellular hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN), as well as regulation of CRH and VP receptors, are critical for the responsiveness of the HPA axis during stress. Pituitary CRH receptor (CRH-R)expression and content is controlled by the coordinated action of CRH, VP and glucocorticoids. Marked changes in hypothalamic and pituitary CRH-R expression support a key regulatory role for CRH in the HPA axis and the integrated stress response.
 ...
PMID:Corticotropin releasing hormone, receptor regulation and the stress response. 1840 98

Hyponatremia is a frequent complication following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), and is commonly attributed either to the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) or cerebral salt wasting syndrome (CSW). The object of this study is to elucidate the clinical demographics and sequelae of hyponatremia due to CSW in subjects with aneurysmal SAH. Retrospective chart review of patients >18 years with aneurysmal SAH admitted between January 2004 and July 2007 was performed. Subjects with moderate to severe hyponatremia (serum sodium <130 mmol l(-1)) were divided into groups consistent with CSW and SIADH based on urine output, fluid balance, natriuresis, and response to saline infusion. Clinical demographics were compared. Of 316 subjects identified, hyponatremia (serum sodium <135 mmol l(-1)) was detected in 187 (59.2%) subjects and moderate to severe hyponatremia in 48 (15.2%). Of the latter group, 35.4% were categorized with SIADH and 22.9% with CSW. Compared to eunatremic subjects, hyponatremia was associated with significantly longer hospital stay (15.7 +/- 1.9 vs. 9.6 +/- 1.1 days, p < 0.001). Subjects with CSW had similar mortality and duration of hospital stay vs. those with SIADH. Though less common than SIADH, CSW was detected in approximately 23% of patients with history of aneurysmal SAH and was not clearly associated with enhanced morbidity and mortality compared to subjects with SIADH. Further studies regarding the pathogenesis and management, along with the medical consequences, of CSW are important.
Pituitary 2009
PMID:Prevalence and clinical demographics of cerebral salt wasting in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. 1946 44

Pituitary tumors are challenging tumors in the sellar region. Surgical approaches to the pituitary have undergone numerous refinements over the last 100 years. The introduction of the endoscope have revolutionized pituitary surgery. The aim of this study is to report the results of a consecutive series of patients undergoing pituitary surgery using a pure endoscopic endonasal approach and to evaluate the efficacy and safety of this procedure. We reviewed the data of 228 consecutive patients who underwent endonasal transsphenoidal adenoma removal over an 10-year period. Pre- and post-operative hormonal status (at least 3 months after surgery) were analyzed and compared with clinical parameters presented by the patients. Tumor removal rate, endocrinological outcomes, and complications were retrospectively assessed in 228 patients with pituitary adenomas who underwent 251 procedures between December 1998 and December 2007. There were 93 nonfunctioning adenomas, 58 growth hormone-secreting, 41 prolactin-secreting, 28 adrenocorticotropin hormone secreting, 7 FSH-LH secreting and 1 thyroid-stimulating hormone-secreting adenomas. Gross total removal was achieved in 79.3% of the cases after a median follow-up of 61.5 months. The remission results for patients with nonfunctioning adenomas was 83% and for functioning adenomas were 76.3% (70.6% for GH hormone-secreting, 85.3% for prolactin hormone-secreting, 71.4% for ACTH hormone-secreting, 85.7% for FSH-LH hormone-secreting and 100% for TSH hormone-secreting), with no recurrence at the time of the last follow-up. Post-operative complications were present in 35 (13.9%) cases. The most frequent complications were temporary and permanent diabetes insipidus (six and two cases, respectively), syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (two cases) and CSF leaks (eight cases). There was no death related to the procedure in this series. The endoscopic endonasal approach for resection of pituitary adenomas, provides acceptable results representing a safe alternative procedure to the microscopic approach. This less invasive method, associated with a small number of complications, provides excellent tumor removal rates and represents an important tool for the achievement of good results in the pituitary surgery, mainly for the complete removal of large adenomas.
Pituitary 2010
PMID:Endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal surgery: surgical results of 228 pituitary adenomas treated in a pituitary center. 1969 35

A 3-year 5-month-old boy was seen for second opinion regarding polydipsia and polyuria. Previously, a diagnosis of primary polydipsia was made after normal urine concentration after overnight water deprivation testing. The boy's father, paternal grandfather, and paternal aunt had diabetes insipidus treated with desmopressin acetate. Based on this young boy's symptoms, ability to concentrate urine after informal overnight water deprivation, and family history of diabetes insipidus, we performed AVP gene mutation testing. Analysis of the AVP gene revealed a novel mutation G54E that changes a normal glycine to glutamic acid, caused by a guanine to adenine change at nucleotide g.1537 (exon 2) of the AVP gene. Commonly, patients with familial neurohypophyseal diabetes insipidus (FNHDI) present within the first 6 years of life with progressively worsening polyuria and compensatory polydipsia. Since these patients have progressive loss of arginine vasopressin (AVP), they may initially respond normally to water deprivation testing and have normal pituitary findings on brain MRI. Genetic testing may be helpful in these patients, as well as preemptively diagnosing those with a mutation, thereby avoiding unnecessary surveillance of those unaffected.
Pituitary 2012 Dec
PMID:Polyuria and polydipsia in a young child: diagnostic considerations and identification of novel mutation causing familial neurohypophyseal diabetes insipidus. 2040 97


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Next >>