Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UNIPROT:P01185 (vasopressin)
 23,126 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Cognitive deficits of attention deficit disorder in childhood are poorly responsive to presently available medication. Vasopressin derivatives have been reported to enhance learning and memory in animals and in normal humans in controlled studies. This study reports on the effects of vasopressin on learning in rats and in children with learning disorders. Vasopressin treatment three times weekly for 6 weeks in rats appeared to be more effective in enhancing learning and retarding extinction than did vasopressin treatment given only at the beginning of learning and again at the start of extinction. These effects were also shown to be affected by pharmacogenetic factors, since in six inbred mouse strains some showed retarded extinction with vasopressin and others did not. In 17 children with attention and learning disorders, vasopressin derivative was given daily for 10 days and compared with 10 days of placebo treatment in a randomized, crossover, double-blind design. Story memory plus position learning were significantly improved by vasopressin derivative compared with placebo. The same trend of improvement was observed in nine Down's syndrome patients. In 15 other children with attention and learning disorders, a single dose of vasopressin derivative was compared with placebo in a randomized, crossover, double-blind design, and no benefit was found. These parallel animal and human studies suggest that repeated, but not single-dose, vasopressin treatment may benefit childhood learning disorders.
 ...
PMID:Animal and clinical studies of vasopressin effects on learning and memory. 295 19

When compared with those of age-matched control patients the number of nerve cells in the locus caeruleus in 30 patients with Alzheimer's disease is reduced by 65% while nucleolar volume in surviving cells of the locus caeruleus and in those of the paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei of the hypothalamus is reduced by 25%, 48% and 26% respectively. Furthermore the reduction in cell number and nucleolar volume in these 3 cell types are all interrelated, emphasizing the close functional linkage of these cell groups. Similar changes (for age) were seen in a group of 10 patients with a mixed Alzheimer/vascular type dementia and in 6 patients over 50 years of age with Down's syndrome whose brains also showed extensive senile plaque and neurofibrillary tangle formation. This damage to the locus caeruleus and hypothalamic systems is probably responsible for losses of noradrenaline and vasopressin reported in cerebral cortex and hypothalamus; the importance of these changes to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease is emphasized.
 ...
PMID:Changes in Alzheimer's disease in the magnocellular neurones of the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus and their relationship to the noradrenergic deficit. 316 May 17

Three women with neurohypophyseal diabetes insipidus, treated for prolonged periods, including pregnancy, with L-deamino-8-d-arginine vasopressin, gave birth in our hospital. Two of the infants had severe congenital heart disease, one of which was associated with trisomy 21. The third baby, born prematurely, presented with mild intrauterine growth retardation; at the age of 21 months, the boy had severe failure to thrive, hypotonia, and motor retardation. These three cases raise doubts as to the safety of diabetes insipidus or its treatment in pregnancy.
 ...
PMID:L-deamino-8-d-arginine vasopressin treatment in pregnancy and neonatal outcome. A report of three cases. 371 35

Vasopressin is reported to enhance learning and memory in animal models. In 9 Down's syndrome patients DDAVP, a vasopressin derivative, was administered for 10 days, 40 micrograms per day, in a double-blind randomized crossover design. A visual-verbal paired associate learning test showed a not significant tendency for benefit with DDAVP. Word List memory was not improved with DDAVP treatment.
 ...
PMID:The effect of vasopressin treatment on learning in Down's syndrome. 623 33

Synthetic 1-deamino-8-D-arginine-vasopressin (DDAVP) is used in the management of diabetes insipidus (DI). We conducted a systematic literature review of DDAVP use during pregnancy, with particular attention to its safety for both mother and infant. Studies were identified through Ovid MEDLINE from 1976 to July 1997 using the combined terms "desmopressin," "DDAVP," and "pregnancy". Review articles and published letters were also explored. One hundred one articles were retrieved, of which 20 met all the inclusion criteria. Included in the 20 articles were 53 cases with the use of DDAVP for the management of DI. The therapeutic daily dose of DDAVP was approximately 29 micrograms intranasally (range 7.5-100 micrograms), with adequate DI control observed. Three of 14 women with sufficient information developed preeclampsia, a nonsignificant difference from the expected rate of 5 percent (the Fisher exact test, 2-P = .08). The mode of delivery was defined for 22 cases, with 16 uneventful vaginal births, and six cesarean delivery. There was no evidence of a drug interaction among the five women who received both DDAVP and intravenous oxytocin. Information was available on 49 live births born to DI mothers on DDAVP. The mean gestational age at delivery was 37.4 weeks (SD 1.3 weeks), with an estimated mean birth weight of 2963.8 gm (range 2000-4420 gm). Forty-three offspring were reported as healthy (event rate 87.8 percent; 95 percent CI 77.2-95.3 percent). Of the remaining six infants, one developed DI at 18 months of age; a second was under 2500 gm at birth, but survived; the third developed hypotonia and failure to thrive at 21 months, two others had Down syndrome; and the sixth died of severe cardiac anomalies. Similar data were seen among the 41 infants whose mothers had used DDAVP throughout pregnancy. In conclusion, DDAVP use during pregnancy seems to be safe for both mother and child. Delivery does not seem to be augmented by its use, nor are there likely any associated adverse neonatal effects. A large database of DDAVP use during pregnancy is needed to confirm these findings.
 ...
PMID:DDAVP use during pregnancy: an analysis of its safety for mother and child. 966 31

Performing gene hunting in Down Syndrome fetal brain we detected an overexpressed sequence highly homologous to the human vasopressin gene. As this neuropeptide may be involved in the pathogenetic mechanism and, moreover, was described to play a role in memory and learning, we decided to study the brain gene product level in Down Syndrome (DS), controls and patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Subtractive hybridization was used to study the differential expression between steady state mRNA levels in fetal brain of DS and controls at the 23rd week of gestation. A radioimmunological method was used to determine vasopressin (AVP) in five brain regions of each 9 aged DS brains, 9 brains with AD and 9 control individuals, obtained from brain bank. An overexpressed nucleic acid sequence with 91% homology to the vasopressin gene was detected in both fetal brains with DS. AVP levels in controls were of the order cerebellum>occipital>frontal>parietal>temporal lobe and were significantly higher in temporal lobe and lower in cerebellum of patients with DS. AVP levels in brain of AD patients were also significantly increased in temporal lobe but were not reduced in cerebellum. The biological meaning of increased AVP remain unclear but may be linked to the neurodegenerative processes, proposed to be similar in both disorders. Data from gene hunting in fetal DS brain along with our data on aged DS and AD patients suggest the early involvement of AVP in the pathomechanism accompanying cholinergic, monoaminergic and neuropeptidergic deficits described in DS and AD.
 ...
PMID:Brain vasopressin levels in Down syndrome and Alzheimer's disease. 973 7

Polycystic kidney diseases (autosomal dominant and autosomal recessive) are progressive renal tubular cystic diseases, which are characterised by cyst expansion and loss of normal kidney structure and function. Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most common life- threatening, hereditary disease. ADPKD is more prevalent than Huntington's disease, haemophilia, sickle cell disease, cystic fibrosis, myotonic dystrophy and Down's syndrome combined. Early diagnosis and treatment of hypertension with inhibitors of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) and its potential protective effect on left ventricular hypertrophy has been one of the major therapeutic goals to decrease cardiac complications and contribute to improved prognosis of the disease. Advances in the understanding of the genetics, molecular biology and pathophysiology of the disease are likely to facilitate the improvement of treatments for these diseases. Developments in describing the role of intracellular calcium ([Ca(2+)](i)) and its correlation with cellular signalling systems, Ras/Raf/mitogen extracellular kinase (MEK)/extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK), and interaction of these pathways with cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels, provide new insights on treatment strategies. Blocking the vasopressin V(2) receptor, a major adenylyl cyclase agonist, demonstrated significant improvements in inhibiting cytogenesis in animal models. Because of activation of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, the use of sirolimus (rapamycin) an mTOR inhibitor, markedly reduced cyst formation and decreased polycystic kidney size in several animal models. Caspase inhibitors have been shown to decrease cytogenesis and renal failure in rats with cystic disease. Cystic fluid secretion results in cyst enlargement and somatostatin analogues have been shown to decrease renal cyst progression in patients with ADPKD. The safety and efficacy of these classes of drugs provide potential interventions for experimental and clinical trials.
 ...
PMID:Potential pharmacological interventions in polycystic kidney disease. 1803 88

We describe cerebral salt wasting syndrome (CSWS) in a 5-year-old female child with Down syndrome who had acute myelopathy secondary to chronic atlantoaxial subluxation and fracture dislocation of the odontoid process. The patient developed hyponatraemia associated with excessive urine output and elevated urine sodium concentration following her injury. An administered volume-for-volume replacement of urine loss with 0.9% sodium chloride resulted in an excellent outcome. This patient illustrates the importance of ascertaining CSWS in children with spinal cord disorders, in addition to the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) secretion and diabetes insipidus (DI) commonly encountered following a central nervous system (CNS) injury, as the specific treatment approaches is clearly associated with an excellent outcome.
 ...
PMID:Cerebral salt wasting syndrome following atlantoaxial fracture dislocation in Down syndrome. 2168 19