Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UNIPROT:P01185 (vasopressin)
 23,126 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Diabetes insipidus, resulting from metastatic involvement of the neurohypophysial system, is a rare complication of breast cancer. This review examined the clinical features, metastatic pattern, and radiological and postmortem findings of 39 breast cancer patients with this complication. All patients had polyuria and polydipsia, and all had evidence of advanced metastatic breast cancer. A high incidence of meningeal carcinoma carcinomatosis and/or sellar metastases was observed. In view of the anatomical proximity of the posterior pituitary to the dura mater and the sella turcica, our findings suggest that metastases to the neurohypophysis can occur not only as a result of hematogenous dissemination of malignant cells, but also from direct tumor extension and/or invasion from adjacent structures. Although satisfactory symptomatic relief can be obtained with vasopressin tannate, complete resolution of the diabetic insipidus syndrome was evident only in those patients who had achieved control of the underlying breast disease.
 ...
PMID:Diabetes insipidus and breast cancer. 47 18

Using sensitive specific RIAs for vasopressin (AVP) and the two major human neurophysins, the relationship between AVP and the individual human neurophysins was investigated in man by measuring changes in plasma concentrations in physiological and pathological states known to be associated with changes in AVP secretion. Dehydration, water loading, and hemorrhage produced small but significant changes in plasma AVP concentrations without changes in the individual human neurophysins. In response to the stimulus of cigarette smoke inhalation, large parallel changes in plasma AVP and human neurophysin I (HNPI) levels were seen without change in plasma human neurophysin II (HNPII) levels. In the pathological states of diabetes insipidus and the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion,the observations more strongly supported a specific association between AVP and NHPI. In eight patients with central diabetes insipidus, plasma AVP and HNPI levels were low or undetectable, while plasma HNPII levels were normal. There was a clear distinction of both plasma AVP and HNPI levels in patients with central diabetes insipidus and those in patients whti nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. In 14 patients with the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion due to causes other than ectopic AVP production from tumors, plasma AVP and HNPI levels were elevated or normal, while plasma HNPII levels were normal. There was a highly significant positive correlation (r = 0.99) between plasma AVP and HNPI levels in these patients, with a 1:1 molar ratio. These data suggest that the secretion of AVP and HNPI in man are functionally related, while the secretion of HNPII is independent of AVP secretion.
 ...
PMID:Plasma vasopressin and human neurophysins in physiological and pathological states associated with changes in vasopressin secretion. 47 48

The now nine years old girl with growth retardation, started to be ill with otitis and then diabetes insipidus of central origin at 1974. A treatment with lysin-vasopressin is prescribed. The PNEG in May 1976 shows a little, pea like, suspicious, supra-sellar nodule who is not surgically explored since they was no ophtalmologic symptoms and because a normal CT scan. Corticoid and thyroid substitutive therapy is added until September 1977 when the general status becomes impaired and vomiting starts. Also because some visual loss, a new neuroradiological study is performed showing a supra-sellar tumour and a fourth ventricle mass. The CT scan asserts the double intracranial expansive process and a posterior fossa craniotomy is done with subtotal resection of a vermian tumour and Torkildsen drainage. The histology is : Immature Dysembryoma (seminoma type) or germinoma. The follow-up was good under hormonal care. X Rays Therapy over the posterior fossa, the suprasellar region, the brain and the spinal channel was instaured. Four months later, the CT scan shows normal sized ventricles and no tumour mass at all. This case gives the authors opportunity for comments and to study the concerned literature.
 ...
PMID:[Germinoma (ectopic pinealoma) with double location : supra-sellar and the cerebellum without pineal tumour (author's transl)]. 49 37

Rabbits immunized against vasopressin developed clinical signs of diabetes insipidus persisting for up to two months after the last boost. Ultrastructural and immunocytochemical studies of the neurohypophysis demonstrated autoimmune alterations: infiltration by immune cells and extracellular deposits of immunoglobulins. No alterations were observed in the hypothalamic nuclei synthesizing vasopressin nor in hormone-target cells of the kidney. Immunization against vasopressin may provide the first example of an autoimmune disease in the hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system.
 ...
PMID:Autoimmune alterations in the neurohypophysis of rabbits immunized against vasopressin. 49 31

A patient with diabetes insipidus and hypothyroidism developed anovular menstrual cycles. Ovulation, which was followed by pregnancy, was induced by the administration of clomiphene. In the later stages of pregnancy, an increase in the dosage of vasopressin was necessary to achieve a satisfactory control of the symptoms of diabetes insipidus. Labour was induced before the estimated date of confinement by the intravenous administration of oxytocin and an intra-partum haemorrhage necessitated delivery by the lower-segment caesarean section. The post-partum period was uneventful. Lactation was suppressed on request from the patient.
 ...
PMID:Clomiphene-induced pregnancy in a patient with diabetes insipidus and hypothyroidism. 52 68

The extensive distribution of exohypothalamic vasopressin or oxytocin containing nerve fibres is thought to be the anatomical basis for the involvement of these neuropeptides in central processes. Following light microscopic observations suggesting that these fibres terminate on other neurons, the present study was undertaken to demonstrate the existence of such endings in the limbic system, which is one of the main target areas for these peptides. For immunoelectron microscopy glutaraldehyde-paraformaldehyde perfused brains of male Wistar rats and Brattleboro rats, homozygous for diabetes insipidus, with and without postfixation in OsO4, were used. Post-embedding staining revealed false positive reaction product on all dense core vesicles, e.g., in the lateral septum. With pre-embedding staining, however, intense and specific reactions were observed for both vasopressin and oxytocin at their sites of production, as well as the neurohypophysis and in the extrahypothalamic limbic brain regions. In the lateral septum and habenular nucleus only vasopressin-containing synapses could be demonstrated, while in the medial nucleus of the amygdala synapses containing either vasopressin or oxytocin were observed. These peptide containing synapses do not seem to differ in any fundamental way from the classical transmitter-containing synapses in the brain.
 ...
PMID:Immuno-electron microscopical demonstration of vasopressin and oxytocin synapses in the limbic system of the rat. 52 26

Diabetes insipidus was diagnosed in a 6-year-old Holstein-Friesian cow with a history of recurrent fever, ketosis, lymphadenopathy, and inappetence. The diagnosis was based on the clinical findings, response to exogenous vasopressin, and lack of urine concentration in a water deprivation test. The disease gradually regressed over a period of 1 year and did not recur.
 ...
PMID:Diabetes insipidus in a cow. 52 21

1. The possible pressor effect of vasopressin immediately after acute haemorrhage has been studied using anaesthetized Brattleboro rats with diabetes insipidus and rats of the Long Evans parent strain.2. A blood loss of 0.5% of the body weight caused a significant decrease in mean arterial blood pressure, measured 10 min later, in Brattleboro rats, whereas this degree of haemorrhage was non-hypotensive in the control Long Evans rats. Following subsequent blood losses (each of 0.5% of the body weight), mean arterial blood pressure in Brattleboro rats was always significantly lower than in Long Evans rats.3. While no antidiuretic activity was at any time found in the plasma of Brattleboro rats, haemorrhages greater than 1% of the body weight were associated with marked increases in plasma arginine vasopressin (AVP) of Long Evans rats.4. When Brattleboro and Long Evans rats were subjected to a single haemorrhage of 2% of the body weight, the immediate decrease in arterial blood pressure was similar in the two groups. However, 5 and 10 min after the haemorrhage the arterial blood pressure was significantly higher in the Long Evans rats. When vasopressin was infused into Brattleboro rats so that plasma levels of the hormone approached those found in Long Evans rats, the mean arterial blood pressure 0, 5 and 10 min after haemorrhage was similar to that in the Long Evans animals.5. It is concluded that in the anaesthetized rat, vasopressin plays an important role in the regulation of arterial blood pressure during the period immediately following acute haemorrhage.
 ...
PMID:The role of vasopressin in blood pressure regulation immediately following acute haemorrhage in the rat. 52 92

Experiments were performed to determine the role of vasopressin in deoxycorticosterone (DOC)-salt hypertension. In order to determine if vasopressin is necessary for the development of DOC-salt hypertension, rats with hereditary diabetes insipidus (DI) and normal Long-Evans rats (LE) were unilaterally nephrectomized, treated with DOC Pivalate (30 mg/kg . week) and given saline to drink for 8 weeks. A second group of DI rats were unilaterally nephrectomized, but received no treatment. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) increased 40 mm Hg in the LE group (p less than 0.01) but failed to increase significantly in either DI group. Urinary excretion of vasopressin (UADHV) and SBP were measured in unilaterally nephrectomized LE rats treated with DOC and salt (DOC-LE), salt alone (NaCl-LE) and untreated rats (H2O-LE). The UADHV was elevated in DOC-LE (p less than 0.01) and NaCl-LE (p less than 0.05), but only the DOC-LE rats became hypertensive. Finally, the I.V. injection of analogs of vasopressin, which block its pressor but not antidiuretic activity, lowered mean arterial blood pressure 27 +/- 5 mm Hg in 11 conscious DOC-salt hypertensive rats. It is concluded that vasopressin plays a major role as a pressor agent in both the onset and maintenance of DOC-salt hypertension.
 ...
PMID:The importance of vasopressin in the development and maintenance of DOC-salt hypertension in the rat. 54 12

The renal reabsorption of water independent of solute is the result of the coordinated function of the collecting duct and the ascending limb of the loop of Henle. The unique juxtaposition of the ascending and descending portions of the loop of Henle and of the vasa recta permits the function of a counter-current multiplier system in which water is removed from the tubular lumen and reabsorbed into the circulation. The driving force for reabsorption is the osmotic gradient in the renal medulla which is dependent, in part, on chloride (followed by sodium) pumping from the thick ascending loop of Henle. Urea trapping is also thought to play an important role in the generation of a hypertonic medullary interstitium. Arginine vasopressin (AVP) acts by binding to receptors on the cell membrane and activating adenylate cyclase. This, inturn, results in the intracellular accumulation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (AMP) which in some fashion abruptly increases the water permeability of the luminal membrane of cells in the collecting duct. As a consequence, water flows along an osmotic gradient out of the tubular lumen into the medullary interstitium. Diabetes insipidus is the clinical condition associated with either a deficiency of or a resistance to AVP. Central diabetes insipidus is due to diminished release of AVP following damage to either the neurosecretory nuclei or the pituitary stalk. Possible causes include idiopathic, familial, trauma, tumor, infection or vascular lesions. Patients present with polyuria, usually beginning over a period of a few days. The diagnosis is made by showing that urinary concentration is impaired after water restriction but that there is a good response to exogenous vasopressin therapy. Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus can be identified by a patient's lack of response to AVP. Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus is caused by a familial defect, although milder forms can be acquired as a result of various forms of renal disease. Central diabetes insipidus is eminently responsive to replacement therapy, particularly with dDAVP, a long lasting analogue of AVP. Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus is best treated with a combination of thiazide diuretics as well as a diet low in sodium and protein.
 ...
PMID:The clinical physiology of water metabolism. Part II: Renal mechanisms for urinary concentration; diabetes insipidus. 54 67


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>