Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P01185 (vasopressin)
 23,126 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Five patients with an unusual encephalopathy, possible secondary to measles virus infection, are described. Features common to these patients are: an existing chronic disease, neurologic deterioration 2 1/2 to 6 months after a measles infection, and death several weeks later. These events occurred when the chronic disease (e.g. leukemia or neuroblastoma) was in remission. That the measles virus was the causative agent is suggested only by finding in brain and extracranial tissues intracytoplasmic and intranuclear inclusions which contained measleslike particles. Additional clinical features seen in each of the five patients were: seizures, hypertension, and the inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone.
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PMID:Encephalopathy following measles infection in children with chronic illness. 127 Nov 91

Central diabetes insipidus is a chronic disorder which in most patients occurs secondary to tumor, infection, trauma or other lesions. In about 20-30% of patients etiology is unclear, however a destructive autoimmune process in the hypophysis may play a role. We report the case of an 18-year-old girl with central diabetes insipidus. Vasopressin levels were typically decreased. Examinations performed 1.5 years after manifestation showed no pathologic changes on MRI and no additional endocrine disorder. MRI was repeated 1.5 years later whereon a thickening of the pituitary stalk as a typical sign of hypophysitis was apparent. No other reasons could be found for the vasopressin deficiency. The finding of hypophysitis in our patient 3 years after disease manifestation suggests that the characteristic MRI changes may take as long as 3 years to become apparent.
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PMID:Diabetes insipidus due to hypophysitis. 903 Sep 72

Liver cirrhosis is a chronic disease associated with sodium retention due to increased tubular sodium reabsorption. However, the exact tubular site of increased sodium reabsorption in uncertain. We have recently demonstrated selective hypertrophy of the inner stripe of the outer medulla (ISOM) in rats with liver cirrhosis induced by common bile duct ligation (CBL). The present study was designed in order to measure Na-K-ATPase activity in the two major tubular segments located in the ISOM: the thick ascending limb of henles (MTAL) and the collecting ducts (OMCD) in CBL rats. Sham-operated rats were used as controls. In addition, the natriuretic response to amiloride (0.2 mg kg(-1) h(-1) i.v) was examined in conscious, chronically instrumented rats during conditions where amiloride-induced volume losses were replaced continuously using a servo-controlled i.v. volume replacement system. For 4-5 weeks after CBL, cirrhotic rats showed sodium retention relative to control rats without any sign of ascites. Plasma levels of sodium and aldosterone were normal, but plasma vasopressin was increased. Effective renal plasma flow was significantly increased, whereas glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and renal lithium handling were normal. The CBL rats showed a blunted natriuretic response to amiloride (DeltaFE(Na): 1.17 +/- 0.15% vs. 1.65 +/- 0.13%; P < 0.05). In rats with CBL, Na-K-ATPase activity per mm tubular length was decreased in the OMCD and unchanged in the TAL segment. These results suggest that increased tubular sodium reabsorption in liver cirrhotic rats with early sodium retention is localized in segments proximal to the collecting ducts.
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PMID:Collecting duct function in liver cirrhotic rats with early sodium retention. 1210 Mar 63

Indices of plasma hypertonicity, elevated plasma concentrations of solutes that draw fluid out of cells by osmosis, are needed to pursue hypertonicity as a possible risk factor for obesity and chronic disease. This paper proposes a new index that may be more sensitive to mild hypertonicity in vivo at a point in time than traditional measures. The index compares mean corpuscular volume (MCV) estimates from diluted (in solution by automated cell counter) and nondiluted blood (calculated from manual hematocrit, MCV=Hct/RBC*10(6)). A larger Auto vs Manual MCV (>2 fl) in vitro indicates hypertonicity in vivo if the cell counter diluent is isotonic with the threshold for plasma vasopressin (PVP) release and PVP is detectable in plasma (>0.5 pg/ml). To evaluate this principle of concept, hypertonicity was induced by 24-h fluid restriction after a 20 ml/kg water load in four healthy men (20-46 years). Unlike serum and urine indices, the MCV difference-&-PVP index detected hypertonicity in all participants.
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PMID:A proposed method for assessing plasma hypertonicity in vivo. 1685 42

Diabetes insipidus is a temporary or chronic disorder of the neurohypophyseal system, due to deficiency of vasopressin and is characterized of excessive quantities of very dilute urine, excessive thirst and profound electrolyte abnormalities. The association of diabetes insipidus and pregnancy is rare with incidence of about 1:300,000. We report two cases of pregnancy with accompanied disease--central diabetes insipidus. We discuss the pathogenesis, clinical manifestation and the terapeutic management during pregnancy.
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PMID:[Diabetes insipidus and pregnancy]. 1748 72

Primary nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI) is a genetic, chronic disease characterised by lack of distal renal tubule to antidiuretic hormone. The condition produces polyuria, polydipsia, and consequently, reduced caloric intake and growth failure. There is very scarce information on physical growth of affected children. The objective of the paper is to describe long-term growth of 14 patients from 11 families, studied retrospectively and followed for 3-16 years (median 11.6 years). Diagnosis was made on the basis of clinical and laboratory data and concentration test under pitressin. Patients were treated with indomethacin, thiazides, and amiloride. Weight and standing height was measured periodically at the Laboratory of Anthropometry, following standardised techniques. Information was obtained from clinical notes. The majority of children grew below the third centile of local standards, and many showed improvement of weight, height, and body mass index (BMI) over time. Mean height, weight, and BMI gain during follow-up was 1.72, 1.06, and 1.46 standard deviations (SDs), respectively. Three children who did not adhere to treatment showed growth delay. Height gain during the first 2 years of follow-up was inversely associated with height deficit at diagnosis. Further studies on growth at adolescence and in different mutations are recommended.
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PMID:Long-term growth of children with nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. 1858 16

Congenital nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI) is a chronic disorder involving polyuria and polydipsia that results from unresponsiveness of the renal collecting ducts to the antidiuretic hormone vasopressin. Either of the genetic defects in vasopressin V2 receptor or the water channel aquaporin 2 (AQP2) cause the disease, which interfere the water reabsorption at the epithelium of the collecting duct. An unconscious state including a perioperative situation can be life threatening because of the difficulty to regulate their water balance. The Sendai virus (SeV) vector system deleting fusion protein (F) gene (SeV/DeltaF) is considered most suitable because of the short replication cycle and nontransmissible character. An animal model for NDI with reduced AQP2 by lithium chloride was used to develop the therapy. When the SeV/DeltaF vector carrying a human AQP2 gene (AQP2-SeV/DeltaF) was administered retrogradely via ureter to renal pelvis, AQP2 was expressed in the renal collecting duct to reduce urine output and water intake by up to 40%. In combination with the retorograde administration to pelvis, this system could be the cornerstone for the applicable therapies on not only NDI patients but also other diseases associate with the medullary collecting duct.
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PMID:Novel treatment for lithium-induced nephrogenic diabetes insipidus rat model using the Sendai-virus vector carrying aquaporin 2 gene. 1865 13

A 60-year-old woman with no previous history of chronic disease or malignancy presented with intense back and left leg pain and sleep disturbances. The patient had been treated unsuccessfully for the past 6 months with analgetics. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a soft tissue tumor in the L5-S1 region that involved the spinal canal, and a pathohistological analysis of the tumor specimen confirmed the presence of non-Hodgkin, diffuse large B cell lymphoma. After the diagnosis was confirmed, malaise, nausea, and vomiting developed. Multislice computed tomography of the endocranium showed focal infiltration of the hypothalamus and lateral ventricle; dissemination of a systemic lymphoma was excluded. Therapy was initiated as per the De Angelis protocol. After intravenous and intrathecal administration of metotrexate, the patient developed signs of central diabetes insipidus, which responded to therapy with an antidiuretic hormone analog. Despite the obvious infiltration of the hypothalamus, we cannot exclude an idiosyncratic effect of methotrexate on the central diabetes insipidus.
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PMID:Hypothalamic dysfunction in a patient with primary lymphoma of the central nervous system. 2182 93

Electrolyte imbalances are common among patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Cerebral salt wasting (CSW) is an electrolyte imbalance characterized by hyponatremia and hypovolemia. Differentiating the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone and CSW remains difficult and the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying CSW are unclear. Our intent was to review the literature on CSW within the TBI population, in order to report the incidence and timing of CSW after TBI, examine outcomes, and summarize the biochemical changes in patients who developed CSW. We searched MEDLINE through 2014, hand-reviewed citations, and searched abstracts from the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma (2003-2014). Publications were included if they were conducted within a TBI population, presented original data, and diagnosed CSW. Publications were excluded if they were review articles, discussed hyponatremia but did not differentiate the etiology causing hyponatremia, or presented cases with chronic disease. Fifteen of the 47 publications reviewed met the selection criteria; nine (60%) were case reports, five (33%) were prospective and 1 (7%) was a retrospective study. Incidence of CSW varied between 0.8 - 34.6%. The populations studied were heterogeneous and the criteria used to define hyponatremia and CSW varied. Though believed to play a role in the development of CSW, increased levels of natriuretic peptides in patients diagnosed with CSW were not consistently reported. These findings reinforce the elusiveness of the CSW diagnosis and the need for strict and consistent diagnostic criteria.
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PMID:Cerebral salt wasting after traumatic brain injury: a review of the literature. 2656 91

Hyponatraemia (serum sodium concentration below 135 mmol/L) is the most common electrolyte disturbance and occurs commonly in older people. The causes can be complex to diagnose and treat and many published guidelines do not focus on the issues in an older patient group. Here, we are principally concerned with diagnosis and management of euvolaemic and hypervolaemic hyponatraemia in hospitalised patients over 70 years old. We also aim to increase awareness of hyponatraemia in residential aged care facilities and the community. Hyponatraemia can have many causes; in older people, chronic hyponatraemia can often be the result of medications used to treat chronic disease, particularly thiazide or thiazide-like drugs (such as indapamide) or drugs acting on the central nervous system. Where a reversible trigger (such as drug-induced hyponatraemia) can be identified, hyponatraemia may be treated relatively simply. Chronic hyponatraemia due to an irreversible cause will require ongoing treatment. Fluid restriction can be an effective therapy in dilutional hyponatraemia, although poor compliance and the burdensome nature of the restrictions are important considerations. Tolvaptan is an oral vasopressin receptor antagonist that can increase serum sodium concentrations by increasing electrolyte-free water excretion. Tolvaptan use is supported by clinical trial evidence in patients with hypervolaemic or euvolaemic hyponatraemia below 125 mmol/L. Clinical trial evidence also supports its use after a trial of fluid restriction in patients with symptomatic hyponatraemia above 125 mmol/L. The use of tolvaptan is affected by regulatory restriction of chronic therapy due to safety concern and the non-subsidised cost of treatment.
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PMID:Diagnosis and management of hyponatraemia in the older patient. 3038 99


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