Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UNIPROT:P01185 (vasopressin)
 23,126 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Early life stress, in particular child abuse and neglect, is an acknowledged risk factor for the development of pathological anxiety and aggression. In rodents, 3-h daily maternal separation (MS) during the first 2 weeks of life is an established animal model of early life stress and has repeatedly been shown to increase anxiety and stress responsiveness in adulthood. However, preclinical studies on the effects of postnatal stress on adult aggression are limited. The present study investigated whether MS affects intermale aggression and/or maternal aggression in C57BL/6 mice. In both adult male and virgin female mice, MS elevated anxiety-related behavior as tested on the elevated plus-maze, in the open field and during novel object exploration. The latency to attack an unknown male intruder, as assessed with the resident-intruder test, was significantly longer in MS male mice compared with control male mice. In contrast, the latency to attack a novel male intruder was significantly shorter in MS females compared with control females on days 3 and 5 of lactation. These opposite effects of MS can be explained by the fact that intermale and maternal aggression are two different forms of aggression, and hence, might be modulated by different neurobiological pathways. Indeed, in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, MS was found to selectively increase vasopressin immunoreactivity in males, whereas MS selectively decreased oxytocin immunoreactivity in lactating females. In conclusion, MS has long-lasting and differential effects on adult intermale and maternal aggression in C57BL/6 mice. Alterations in hypothalamic vasopressin and oxytocin immunoreactivity may, in part, underlie the opposite effects of MS on intermale and maternal aggression. The MS paradigm represents a promising animal model to reveal underlying mechanisms of aggressive behavioral dysfunctions associated with early life stress.
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PMID:Opposite effects of maternal separation on intermale and maternal aggression in C57BL/6 mice: link to hypothalamic vasopressin and oxytocin immunoreactivity. 1743 58

Hyponatremia leading to seizures is well described in children. Hyponatremia is defined as a serum sodium of less than 135 mEq/L and can be acute or chronic. The seizure threshold in hyponatremia is markedly increased at a level of 125 mEq/L or less. Hyponatremia is one of the most common electrolyte disturbances and occurs in both the inpatient and outpatient setting. The 3 types of hyponatremia are hypovolemic, euvolemic, and hypervolemic. The diagnosis is made through serologic and urinary laboratory studies. We present the case of a 2-year-old girl with recurrent hyponatremic seizures, who was resuscitated twice within a short period at our institution. Her hyponatremia coupled with the seizures was initially thought to be secondary to salt-wasting renal disease, adrenal insufficiency, or even syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion. The case took an interesting twist, which led us to conclude that this was an uncommon yet not unheard of form of child abuse.
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PMID:Cultivated child abuse: a 2-year-old with hyponatremic seizures. 2312 55