Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P01185 (vasopressin)
 23,126 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Aggressive treatment with H(2) receptor blocking agents and/or antacids has been advocated as effective prophylaxis against and treatment for "stress ulcer," based on the logical but infrequently tested assumption that the severity of the disease is critically determined by the concentration of intraluminal acid. The present study investigated this assumption in a model which employed topical acid, topical bile acid and mucosal ischemia to induce ulcerogenesis. With vascularized, chambered ex vivo wedges of canine proximal gastric wall, groups of animals were studied during three sequential periods using topical test solutions (TS) containing either 0 mM, 100 mM or 160 mM HCI. During period 1, mucosae were exposed to TS alone; during period 2, either to TS containing 1 mM sodium taurocholate (TC) or to TS and concomitant vasopressin infusion (VP); and during period 3, to TS + TC + VP. Parameters evaluated included net H(+) flux ( big up tri, openH(+)), aminopyrine clearance (AC), a measure of mucosal blood flow, net TC flux ( big up tri, openTC) and the lesion index, graded 0-5. The data indicate that in nonischemic mucosa exposed to constant [TC], AC was significantly increased, big up tri, openH(+) ("back-diffusion") increased as a linear function of [H(+)] and no lesions were observed. Under the same circumstances in ischemic mucosa, big up tri, openH(+) increased as linear function of [H(+)]. As a consequence, lesion severity was also a linear function of [H(+)]. big up tri, openTC was enhanced at low pH but bore no relation to the degree of mucosal damage induced. Assuming applicability of the model, these studies provide support for the use of H(2) receptor blocking agents and/or antacids to prevent or ameliorate "stress ulcer" disease.
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PMID:Influence of hydrogen ion concentration on bile acid induced acute gastric mucosal ulcerogenesis. 3 49

Freeze-fracture electron microscopy demonstrates that vasopressin stimulation of isolated toad bladder alters the structure of the luminal membrane of granular cells. This alteration consists of an ordered aggression of intramembranous particles, and appears to be of functional significance, since the frequency of aggregation sites per area of membrane is closely correlated with vasopressin-induced osmotic water flow.
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PMID:Vasopressin: induced structural change in toad bladder luminal membrane. 80 40

Male Wistar rats living in hierarchically structure male/female colonies were used to investigate the effects of chronic psychosocial stress on the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal system. Colony-housed subordinates were compared to control rats housed in male-female pairs. Classical parameters of chronic stress (thymus involution, impaired somatic growth, and elevated resting plasma corticosterone level) were found in all subordinate rats. Changes in vasopressin (AVP) and CRF stored in the external zone of the median eminence (ZEME) were measured by quantitative immunocytochemistry. Chronic psychosocial stress for 19-28 days increased AVP immunostaining in the ZEME to 160-190% of that in pair-housed controls, whereas CRF immunostaining in the ZEME remained unchanged. Within colonies, subordinates differed in avoidance behavior and aggression received (subordinate status). This intracolony subordination rank was correlated with AVP in the ZEME (P less than 0.01). Although resting corticosterone was elevated in subordinate rats (P less than 0.01), the increase in AVP was not associated with detectable secretion of AVP and/or CRF from the ZEME, as measured after blockade of axonal transport. In control rats, interaction with a dominant male increased plasma ACTH and corticosterone levels and caused depletion of AVP, but not CRF, from the ZEME. Subordinates showed suppressed hypothalamic (AVP depletion), pituitary (plasma ACTH) and adrenal (plasma corticosterone) responses to interaction with the dominant male, which may reflect suppressive actions of elevated corticosterone on CRF neurons or suprahypothalamic centers.
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PMID:Chronic psychosocial stress enhances vasopressin, but not corticotropin-releasing factor, in the external zone of the median eminence of male rats: relationship to subordinate status. 132 85

The central administration of arginine-vasopressin (AVP) in rodents has been associated with the modulation of a number of categories of behavior including social recognition and learning, aggression, grooming, and feeding. Concentrations of AVP in brain have also been functionally related to gonadal steroid hormone manipulations. In the current experiments we investigated the behavioral effects of centrally administered AVP on the behavior of pair-housed male squirrel monkeys during brief social separations. Prior to treatment, pairs of male squirrel monkeys established reliable and persistent dominance relationships measured as different patterns of social behavior and plasma levels of testosterone. Central administration of AVP increased scent-marking and grooming behaviors during the social separation test, however these effects were not influenced by the social status of the treated monkey. The effects of AVP on these measures were not mimicked by doses of oxytocin (OT). Both AVP and OT decreased the frequency of vigilance-checking and 'isolation-peep' calls. The data are consistent with a facilitatory role for AVP in the stress response and also suggest that these particular effects are not influenced by differences in testosterone associated with social dominance.
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PMID:Vasopressin modulates male squirrel monkeys' behavior during social separation. 176 76

The rate of urine formation and its composition are influenced by the different drugs used during surgery. Anaesthetics act on renal function, not only directly, but also by producing changes in cardiovascular function and in neuroendocrine activity. Many factors may be incriminated: lowered blood pressure and cardiac output, increased sympathetic outflow (renal nerve stimulation and increased plasma catecholamines), increased release of renin, angiotensin and vasopressin. The effects of anaesthetics on the kidney go beyond a simple change in basal haemodynamics and include, for some drugs, an alteration in the ability for the kidney to autoregulate its blood flow and glomerular filtration rate. Studies on toad bladders showed a decrease in transport of water, sodium and organic anions. But, in fact, renal effects of anaesthetics in man and animals depend on the species, the anaesthetic and the method used to study the effect. Most barbiturates and inhalational anaesthetics tend to decrease renal blood flow (RBF) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR). These trends are gradually reversed during recovery. The effects of ketamine and diazepam are not clearly defined. Morphine and fentanyl decrease urine flow and GFR, whilst RBF increases or decreases, depending on whether a direct or indirect measurement technique was used. Muscle relaxants have little effect on renal function. Spinal and epidural anaesthesia only slightly decrease GFR and RBF in proportion to the decrease in mean arterial pressure. Obviously, the preexisting intravascular volume and the quantity of intravenous fluids given strongly influence the renal response to spinal and epidural anaesthesia. Some studies have shown that urine flow rate, creatinine clearance, urinary sodium excretion and RBF are reduced during mechanical ventilation with positive end-expiratory pressure. Surgery itself influences renal function by inducing alterations in prerenal haemodynamics. Operative stress leads to an increase in circulating catecholamines and angiotensin. Significant fluid shifts, excessive blood loss and redistribution of a third space may lead to a prerenal oliguric state, increasing secretion of vasopressin. Acute renal failure (ARF) is a frequently lethal complication of critical surgical illness, due to a variety of factors which interfere with glomerular filtration and tubular reabsorption, such as renal hypoperfusion or nephrotoxic insults. In fact, the initiating aggression ultimately culminates in the development of one or more of the maintenance factors (decreased tubular function, tubular obstruction, decreased GFR and RBF) that reduce urine flow and osmolar excretion. Good management during the perioperative period tends to minimize the risk of developing ARF.
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PMID:[Changes in renal function induced by anesthesia]. 227 18

When paired for 15-min periods for 5-8 consecutive days, castrated, testosterone-treated hamsters consistently assumed the dominant status, based on a higher aggression index (18 +/- 3) and frequency of flank marking (15 +/- 3) as compared to their castrated, untreated subordinate partners (-1.3 +/- 1 and 2.4 +/- 1, respectively). In addition to these hamsters with established dominant/subordinate relationships, control hamsters with no social interactions were killed, and in all animals the vasopressin level in the anterior hypothalamus-medial preoptic area was assessed by counting vasopressin immunoreactive perikarya following immunocytochemistry, or by radioimmunoassay of vasopressin from tissue punches. In the socialized pairs the subordinate hamsters had a significantly (P less than 0.01) lower number of vasopressin staining perikarya in the anterior hypothalamus, specifically the area of the nucleus circularis, than their dominant partners (n = 6 pairs). There was also a significantly (P less than 0.001) lower level of vasopressin immunoreactivity in punches taken from the area of the nucleus circularis in subordinate hamsters as compared to their dominant partners (n = 14 pairs). However, there were no significant differences in the number of perikarya or the concentration of immunoreactive vasopressin between subordinate and dominant hamsters in the supraoptic nucleus, paraventricular nucleus, suprachiasmatic nucleus or bed nucleus of the stria terminalis. The number of perikarya (n = 5 pairs) and concentration of vasopressin (n = 8 pairs) for all vasopressin immunoreactive sites, including the nucleus circularis, were similar for testosterone-treated and untreated hamsters that remained isolated and not subjected to daily aggressive encounters.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Vasopressin immunoreactivity in the anterior hypothalamus is altered during the establishment of dominant/subordinate relationships between hamsters. 273 5

The major complication of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) for the treatment of neonatal respiratory failure is bleeding related to heparinization. Systolic hypertension has emerged as another serious side effect in our experience. Thirty-eight of the first 41 newborns we treated with ECMO developed a systolic blood pressure greater than 90 mm Hg. The mean hypertension index (HI blood = hours greater than 90/hr on ECMO) was 0.17 +/- 0.16. Possible biochemical mediators were assayed in 17 patients. Plasma renin activity (PRA), aldosterone, epinephrine, norepinephrine, prostaglandin E2, thromboxane, and antidiuretic hormone were elevated. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and prostacyclin were not elevated. Eighteen patients (44%) had intracranial hemorrhage (ICH), and 11 patients (27%) had clinically significant ICH. The HI was significantly (p less than 0.005) lower in those patients without ICH (0.11 +/- 0.01) than in those patients with ICH (0.25 +/- 0.04). PRA at hour 12, day 2, and day 3 was significantly higher (p less than 0.05) in patients experiencing ICH (62 +/- 42; 93 +/- 15; 73 +/- 30 ng/ml/hr) than in those without ICH (27 +/- 25; 14 +/- 8; 12 +/- 4 ng/ml/hr). An aggressive approach to medical management evolved that included hydralazine, nitroglycerine, and captopril, which protected against ICH. Two of 23 patients (9%) treated with the protocol sufferred clinically significant ICH, whereas nine of 18 patients (50%) treated before implementation of the protocol experienced ICH. The ACE inhibitor captopril was most effective in the control of hypertension. We conclude that systolic hypertension is common during neonatal ECMO, is associated with ICH, and is related to a high PRA. Aggressive management of hypertension during ECMO can reduce the incidence of ICH, and captopril is an important component of this aggressive medical management.
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PMID:Hypertension during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: cause, effect, and management. 282 41

Although the anterior hypothalamus has been implicated in the control of aggression in various rodent species, little is known about the neurochemical mechanisms mediating this control. It has been established that flank marking, which occurs with high frequency during agonistic encounters in hamsters, is dependent upon vasopressin-sensitive neurons in the anterior hypothalamus. The present study was undertaken to determine whether intraspecific aggression in this species is similarly influenced by vasopressin in this area of the hypothalamus. Adult male hamsters, surgically implanted with guide cannulae aimed at the anterior hypothalamus, were microinjected with three different concentrations of the V1-receptor antagonist d(CH2)5Tyr(Me)AVP or a vehicle control of 0.9% NaCl. Sixty minutes after each microinjection a smaller male hamster was introduced into the home cage of the treated hamster. The resident hamsters showed a significant dose-dependent reduction in the number of biting attacks on the intruders over the 10 minute test period. The V1-receptor antagonist also caused a significant increase in the resident hamster's latencies to attack the intruder. However, the resident hamsters' total contact time with the intruder was unaffected by drug treatment suggesting that the reduction of aggression was not due to a generalized effect upon social behavior. The specificity of the drug treatment was further supported by the observation that it did not affect resident hamsters' sexual motivation or ability to mount a receptive female. These data suggest that vasopressin-sensitive neurons in the anterior hypothalamus are involved in the control of intraspecific aggression in male hamsters.
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PMID:Vasopressin receptor blockade in the anterior hypothalamus suppresses aggression in hamsters. 285 82

A tabular synopsis is presented for articles concerned with the effects of peptides on the central nervous system that appeared in the journal Peptides from 1980-1985. A table arranged alphabetically by peptide and one arranged by effects, both listing routes of injection, species, direction of change, and qualifying notes, provides easy cross-referencing of peptides and their effects. Over 80 peptides and over 135 effects are listed. The list of peptides includes, but is not limited to: ACTH, angiotensin, bombesin, bradykinin, calcitonin, casomorphin, CCK, ceruletide, CGRP, CRF, dermorphin, DSIP, dynorphin, endorphins, enkephalins, GRF, gastrin, LHRH, litorin, metkephamid, MIF-l, motilin, MSH, NPY, NT, oxytocin, ranatensin, sauvagine, substances P and K, somatostatin, TRH, VIP, vasopressin, and vasotocin. The list of effects includes, but is not limited to: aggression, alcohol, analgesia, attention, avoidance, behavior, cardiovascular regulation, catalepsy, conditioned behavior, convulsions, dopamine binding and metabolism, discrimination, drinking, EEG, exploration, feeding, fever, gastric secretion, GI motility, grooming, learning, locomotor behavior, mating, memory, neuronal activity, open field, operant behavior, rearing, respiration, satiety, scratching, seizure, sleep, stereotypy, temperature, thermoregulation and tolerance.
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PMID:Central nervous system effects of peptides, 1980-1985: a cross-listing of peptides and their central actions from the first six years of the journal Peptides. 353 8

Patients with essential hypernatremia maintain urinary concentrating ability despite plasma hyperosmolality and low plasma vasopressin concentrations. We investigated renal sensitivity to ultralow dose vasopressin infusions in two patients with a syndrome of hypodipsia, hypernatremia with selective osmoreceptor dysfunction, early puberty, and aggressive behavior. The patients were water loaded until a hypotonic diuresis was established. Vasopressin was infused in stepwise increments from 0.4-12 fmol/kg X min. Both patients had increased renal sensitivity to vasopressin, achieving negative free water clearance at infusion rates of 0.4 and 4 fmol/kg X min (normal greater than or equal to 6). Treatment for 3 months with 1-desamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin (DDAVP) led to an improvement in behavior and the reporting, for the first time, of a sensation of thirst. After DDAVP therapy both patients had a reduction of their renal sensitivity to infused vasopressin. We conclude that untreated patients with essential hypernatremia have increased renal sensitivity to vasopressin which is reduced by DDAVP administration.
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PMID:Increased renal sensitivity to vasopressin in two patients with essential hypernatremia. 378 33


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