Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P01178 (oxytocin)
 15,767 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Milk samples were from stomachs of 27 nursing cottontail rabbits (Sylvilagus floridanus) within 5 min after cessation of nursing. Four milk samples were directly from mammary glands by hand milking aided by tranquilizer and oxytocin. Means and standard errors for 27 stomach samples for total solids, fat, protein, lactose, and ash were 33.6 +/- .8%, 13.9 +/- 1.7%, 14.6 +/- .5%, 2.22 +/- .05%, and 2.06 +/- .07%. Those values of 4 samples directly from the gland were 35.2 +/- .4%, 14.4 +/- .4%, 15.8 +/- .6%, 2.67 +/- .26%, and 2.07 +/- .06%. Fatty acid compositions were similar for the groups, except linoleic acid was 30.0% of fatty acids from stomach milk and 24.7% in milk obtained directly. Differences between sampling methods in palmitoleate, stearate, and oleate may have been from differences in season of sampling. Minerals were more concentrated in milk obtained directly, except potassium. Differences between milks of domesticated and cottontail rabbits are discussed.
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PMID:Composition of cottontail rabbit milk from stomachs of young and directly from gland. 118 5

Changes in the mineral composition of mare milk during lactation were studied. Milk samples were obtained from five Thoroughbred mares one to three times weekly from the first to the eighth week of lactation and from two of the mares for an additional 8 wk. Samples averaging 500 mL were obtained after oxytocin was administered to the mares. Each sample was analyzed for total solids, ash, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sodium, potassium, copper and zinc. The concentration of all constituents except sodium and potassium decreased throughout lactation. The rates of decline of ash, calcium, phosphorus and magnesium concentration were similar, but the rates of decline of the other elements differed. Thus, the mineral composition of mare milk should be described in terms of the stage of lactation of the mare. The total solids and ash content of mare milk were 12 and 0.61% respectively, at the end of the first week of lactation, 10.5 and 0.45% at 4 wk, 10 and 0.38% at 8 wk and 10.2 and 0.32% at 16 wk. The calcium, phosphorus and magnesium concentrations at the end of the same periods were 1345, 943 and 118 micrograms/g of milk at 1 wk; 1070, 659 and 86 at 4 wk; 831, 574 and 58 at 8 wk and 700, 540 and 43 micrograms/g of milk at 16 wk. Copper and zinc concentrations were 0.85 and 3.1, 0.55 and 2.2, 0.29 and 1.9 and 0.28 and 1.8 microgram/g of milk at 1, 4, 8 and 16 wk, respectively.
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PMID:Lactation in the horse: the mineral composition of mare milk. 379 22

The effects of daily oxytocin (OT) (2 IU) injection (i.m.) on lactation performance of 25 Mehraban ewes were studied. Eight control ewes were injected with 1ml of saline. Eight ewes were injected with OT after weaning (POT), and nine ewes were injected with OT from day 15 of lactation (WOT). Total milk production for WOT ewes was 55.5 and 24.7% greater (P<0.05) than for control and POT ewes, respectively. POT group produced 24.7% more milk than control group. Lactation length was 175 days for WOT and POT groups, and 143 days for control ewes. Daily milk yield after weaning was greater for WOT and POT as compared with control ewes. WOT lambs had a greater daily weight gain as compared with POT and control lambs. WOT ewes lost more weight during the suckling period, but the difference in ewe live weight loss after weaning was not significant between the experimental groups. Fat content as a percentage of milk dry matter was greater for WOT than for control and POT ewes. Milk density, pH, freezing point, and protein, lactose and ash contents were not affected by OT treatment. Somatic cell count (SCC) was greater for control than for POT and WOT groups and increased as lactation progressed. The results of this experiment support the hypothesis that OT may be involved in mammary cell maintenance and metabolism, in addition to causing myoepithelial cell contraction and milk letdown.
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PMID:Effect of daily oxytocin injection on milk yield and lactation length in sheep. 1129

Effects of 4 different milking intervals (8, 12, 16, and 24 h) on milk yield and milk composition were studied in Tunisian Maghrebi dairy dromedaries (n = 6) at late lactation [240 +/- 14 days in milk (DIM), 5.84 +/- 1.62 L/d]. Camel-cows suckled their calves for 2 mo, were hand milked while suckling until mo 4 of lactation (calf weaning) and machine milked thereafter. Intravenous injection of oxytocin was administered before machine milking at each experimental milking to induce complete milk ejection and to avoid carryover effects of milking intervals. Cisternal and alveolar milk were measured at 380 +/- 16 DIM for a 24-h milking interval. Milk accumulated logarithmically (R(2) = 0.95) in the udder from 8- to 24-h milking interval without reaching a plateau. Consequently, milk secretion rate decreased exponentially (R(2) = 0.93) according to milking interval. Compared with 12-h milking interval (6.1 L/d), estimated daily milk yield was 113, 87, and 70% for 8-, 16-, and 24-h intervals, respectively. Total milk solids, milk fat content, and milk pH decreased with increasing milking interval, showing the greatest value at 8-h intervals (14.1 +/- 0.4%, 4.6 +/- 0.5%, and 6.66 +/- 0.05, respectively) and the lowest at 24-h intervals (12.3 +/- 0.9%, 2.9 +/- 0.6%, and 6.54 +/- 0.02, respectively). Milk protein (3.9 +/- 0.1%), lactose (4.5 +/- 0.2%), ash (0.84 +/- 0.01%) and density (1.028 +/- 0.01) remained constant for all milking intervals. Milk K, Ca, and Mg contents increased as milking interval increased, but Na content did not change (0.06 +/- 0.01%, on average). Milk Na:K ratio tended to decrease from 0.35 (1:2.9) to 0.22 (1:4.5) for the extreme milking intervals. Plasma lactose concentration steadied from 8- to 16-h (67 +/- 32 micromol) but increased dramatically at 24-h intervals (338 +/- 118 micromol), indicating that mammary tight junctions became permeable after 24 h of milk accumulation. Camel udders showed small cisterns (19.3% of total milk in the udder at 24 h) when compared with other dairy animals; we recommend the use of prestimulation for machine milking and selection for larger udder cisterns. Alveolar milk contained more fat (5.16 vs. 1.75%; SEM, 0.39%) and protein (3.23 vs. 2.73%; SEM, 0.15%) than cisternal milk. Despite the increase of plasma lactose during tight junction leakiness, the tendency for the Na:K ratio to decrease may be indicative of a camel's specific regulatory mechanism for controlling Na and K concentrations in milk and delaying the inhibitory effect of milk stasis on milk secretion rate. In conclusion, this short-term study proved the low storage capacity of the Tunisian Maghrebi camel udder but also showed their moderate ability to adapt to extended milking intervals at late lactation.
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PMID:Effects of milking interval and cisternal udder evaluation in Tunisian Maghrebi dairy dromedaries (Camelus dromedarius L.). 1930 26

Costus lucanusianus J. Braun (Costaceae) is a climbing herb, found mainly in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. This plant is locally used in situations of pains, inflammation, dysmenorrhoea and in pyrexia. The purpose of this study was to investigate this claim with view to validating scientifically the ethno-medicinal usage. The aqueous extract was subjected to pharmacological testing in vitro on a piece of isolated rat uterus previously pretreated with 1 mg/kg stilbestrol for 24 h. The dose response curves of oxytocin and that of the extract were first obtained. The effects of antagonists like atropine (1 mg) and salbutamol (2 microg) on the dose response curve of the extract were also investigated. Possible synergy was investigated via co-administration of the extract and oxytocin. Finally the proximate analysis of the extract was investigated. The aqueous extract of C. lucanusianus and oxytocin both produced a dose dependent contraction of the uterus. An effect of 0.63+/-0.06 g force of uterine contraction produced by 12.5 mg of the extract was increased to 1.37+/-0.09 g when 200 mg of the extract was administered. Oxytocin at 0.16 i.u was observed to produce a similar force of contraction with 200 mg of the aqueous extract. Synergy was established as co administration of the extract at 200 mg and oxytocin at 0.08 i.u, produced higher contractile effect, significantly higher (p<0.05) than when either the extract (200mg) or oxytocin (0.08 i.u) was administered alone. Both atropine and salbutamol significantly (p<0.0001) inhibited the contractile effect produced by the extract. The inhibitory effect showed by atropine on the contractile effect of the extract seems to suggest the involvement of muscarinic receptors. The proximate analysis carried out in this study is used to establish the identity of the crude drug sample. A moisture content of 10.047 % was obtained. The total ash is a measure of the non-volatile inorganic constituents remaining after ashing. The values of 3.42 % were obtained.
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PMID:Oxytocic effects of the aqueous leaf extract of Costus lucanusianus - family Costaceae on isolated non-pregnant rat uterus. 2036 1