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Query: UNIPROT:P01178 (oxytocin)
 15,767 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

During hypertonic saline induction, the evolution of intrauterine pressure, the oxytocin response and abortion were delayed in naproxen-treated patients. The PG synthesis inhibitors naproxen, mefenamic acid and ibuprofen decreased the high uterine resting pressure ('tone'), the frequency of contractions but not always the active pressure ('amplitude') in dysmenorrheic patients, with a coincident decrease in pain. The naproxen-sodium treatment decreased prostaglandins F and E in menstrual blood and uterine jet washings by 60--80 per cent.
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PMID:Suppression of uterine activity by prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors. 11 65

A new method for the simultaneous visualization of brain peptides and monoamine neurotransmitters was employed to analyze the integrated morphology of hypothalamic catecholamines and neurophysins in young and old monkeys. Immunocytochemical analysis using bovine neurophysin revealed a dual papulation of light and dark stained cells in the paraventricular nucleus in young and old macaques. In general, both populations of neurons stained with less density in old macaques indicating the possibility of a reduced content of neurophysin. Further analysis using specific neurophysin antisera for vasopressin or oxytocin revealed an appreciable decrease in the number of vassopressin-containing perikarya in the 20 year monkey whereas oxytocin-synthesizing neurons did not show a similar change in numbers with age. Qualitatively, terminal innervation patterns of hypothalamic catecholamines remained strikingly constant in spite of marked reductions in dark-stained neurophysin perikarya of the paraventricular nucleus.
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PMID:Integrated morphology of neuronal catecholamines and neurophysin in the aged macaque. 11 79

The authors present seven pregnant patients with Rh immunisation. Four of them were of mild degree and three were severely inmunised. All of them had an exercise tolerance test as well as an oxytocin test to evaluate the fetal response to maternal exercise and uterine contractility. The classification utilized for evaluating the fetal response to exercise and its clinical implications are presented. It is concluded that the exercise test is of diagnostic and prognostic value regarding chronic distress during pregnancy and the oxytocin test may help to decide wether the fetus will tolerate the uterine contractions of parturition, and if surgical intervention might be contemplated if during a monitorized labor severe fetal heart changes occur.
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PMID:[External fetal electrocardiography, the maternal effort test and the oxytocin challenge in cases of fetomaternal rhesus isoimmunisation (author's transl)]. 11 46

Oxytocin was determined by radioimmunoassay in pregnant baboons throughout gestation, in the foetus at caesarean section, and after oxytocin infusion into the mother and foetus. Serial maternal plasma oxytocin in 6 baboons during pregnancy showed a significant correlation between the gestational age and maternal plasma oxytocin concentrations with a correlation coefficient of r = 0.3185 and P less than 0.005. Seventy-one out of 75 plasma samples (94.7%) during pregnancy had detectable levels of oxytocin. Uterine vein plasma had higher oxytocin concentrations than maternal plasma and amniotic fluid (18.6 +/- 4.6 pg/ml; mean +/0 SE) but lower than umbilical, jugular vein and cardiac blood from the foetus. Foetal pituitary gland contained 5.4--26.1 micrograms oxytocin/g. Regular uterine contractions were established with iv oxytocin of 4--20 mU/min and the plasma oxytocin measured showed a significant correlation with the uterine activity achieved (r = 0.64, P less than 0.001). The disappearance of plasma oxytocin at 179 days gestation gave an apparent half-life of 1.1 and 1.7 min in 2 baboons with a late half-life of 9.9 and 17.3 min, respectively. In one baboon at 171 days gestation, the apparent half-life of oxytocin was 9.9 min. The metabolic clearance rates were calculated to be 3.1, 3.2 and 11.7 ml/kg/min, respectively. The production rates were 97, 74, 390 pg/kg/min, respectively. Oxytocin injected into the umbilical vessel near term showed an increase in oxytocin concentration in maternal and uterine vein plasma and amniotic fluid, suggesting that oxytocin can cross the placenta from the foetal to the maternal side. Our findings indicate that in the baboon (1) oxytocin is present throughout pregnancy, (2) uterine activity can be correlated with plasma oxytocin during oxytocin infusion, (3) foetal circulation has higher oxytocin concentration than maternal blood and (4) oxytocin probably can cross the placenta from the foetus to the mother.
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PMID:Studies of oxytocin in the baboon during pregnancy and delivery. 11 95

An enzyme which catalyzes the deamidation of thyroliberin (TRF; less than Glu-His-Pro-NH2) has been purified 110-fold from extracts of bovine anterior pituitary by ammonium sulfate fractionation, ion exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose, and gel filtration. This enzyme of 76,000 molecular weight (as estimated by gel filtration) exhibits maximal activity at neutral pH (optimum pH 7.4 to 7.6) in buffers of high ionic strength supplemented with thiol-protecting agents. As indicated by the strong inhibition of the enzymatic activity by N-ethylmaleimide and Hg2+, as well as by the extreme sensitivity toward diisopropyl fluorophosphate, -SH, and -OH residues apparently represent essential functional groups of the enzyme. The stereospecific deamidation of TRF (Km = 4.1 . 10(-4) M) is inhibited competitively by TRF analogues which contain proline or by the proline containing biologically active peptides luliberin (LH-RF), oxytocin, vasopressin, angiotensin II, and Substance P. TRF analogues without proline or peptide amides without proline are ineffective. This enzyme cleaves the appropriate Pro-X bonds in luliberin, angiotensin II, pyroGlu-His-Pro-Gly-NH2, and the collagenase substrate Z-Gly-Pro-Leu-Gly-Pro. Thus, it may be characterized as a post-proline-cleaving enzyme.
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PMID:Characterization of "thyroliberin-deamidating enzyme" as a post-proline-cleaving enzyme. Partial purification and enzyme-chemical analysis of the enzyme from anterior pituitary tissue. 11 64

Immunohistochemical methods have been used to describe the distribution of neurophysin I- and oxytocin-stained fibers in the spinal cord. In albino rats of either sex, such fibers descend through the dorsal part of the lateral funiculus to the caudal end of the cord. Fibers leave the lateral funiculus to innervate the marginal zone of the dorsal horn at all levels, and the intermediolateral column at thoracic, lumbar and sacral levels. Some fibers course medially through the intermediate gray to end in the central gray, which is innervated at all levels, and also appears to be innervated by fibers descending in the central gray itself. A semiquantitative analysis shows that the density of terminal fields in the intermediolateral column, marginal zone, and central gray varies significantly at different levels. The intermediolateral column is preferentially innervated between T1-T3, T9-T11, and T13-L2. The nucleus intercalatusspinalis and the dorsal commissural nucleus (between T13 and L2), both of which contain preganglionic neurons, are densely innervated. In the monkey (Macaca fascicularis), neurophysin I- and oxytocin-stained fibers descend through the lateral funiculus to the filum terminale, where some of them enter the pia-arachnoid surrounding the filum. The intermediolateral column is not innervated between T1-T3, is sparsely innervated at sacral levels, and is moderately innervated between T4 and L3; the greatest density of fibers occurs at L3. At most levels, few if any fibers are found in the central gray and marginal zone; the central gray is sparsely innervated between T8 and L2 at S2, and between Co3-Co6, and the marginal zone contains a small number of fibers in the region of S2 and Co6. Neurophysin I- and oxytocin-stained fibers were also found in the intermediolateral column, marginal zone, and central gray of homozygous Brattleboro, spontaneously hypertensive, and Egyptian sand rats. The results suggest that the paraventriculo-spinal pathway is particularly related to specific groups of sympathetic and parasympathetic preganglionic neurons, and to the marginal zone, whick is involved in the relay of ascending nociceptive information through the spinothalamic tract.
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PMID:The distribution of oxytocin- and neurophysin-stained fibers in the spinal cord of the rat and monkey. 11 10

A primigravida was induced for PET, the liquor was meconium stained; she was put on oxytocin in-fussion and developed hypertonic uterine action. She then had an amniotic fluid embolism which presented clinically as profound shock, dyspnoea, tachycardia, cyanosis, hypotension and pyrexia. The patient was delivered by vacuum extraction. The picture was further complicated by pulmonary oedema intravascular microcoagulation and anuria. She deteriorated rapidly and died despite treatment with double strength plasma (in the absence of fibrinogen), massive hydrocortiosone therapy, blood transfusion amd sub-total hysterectomy. Post mortem findings in the lungs confirmed amniotic fluid embolism.
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PMID:Case report: a fatal case of amniotic fluid embolism. 12 35

In experiments on isolated gall-bladders (GB) of frogs, the transport rate of NaCl-isotonic solution by GB epithelial cells was inversely proportionate to the sodium content in them. Under oxytocin action (20 mE/ml) the absorption was inhibited and simultaneously the intracellular sodium content increased. Replacement of NaCl by sucrose solution caused a complete inhibition of absorption for 5--15 min. During this time, tissue cells excreted a considerable amount of their sodium, in result of which the intracellular amount of sodium decrease by 2.0-2.5 times. Oxytocin caused the inhibition of both the sodium transport from cells and the Na-K--ATPase activity. Obviously, the inhibitory action of oxytocin upon sodium transport from GB cells is due to a decrease of the transport activity of Na, K--ATPase under the action of hormone.
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PMID:[The concentration of electrolytes and water in the walls of the frog gall bladder following absorption of an isotonic fluid]. 13 Feb 68

The motility of the uterine tract in female rabbits and in dogs was studied. After motility was induced with electricity or by administration of progesterone or of oxytocin, the hormonal reactivity of the uterine tract was observed and linked to ovulation or to the existence of pregnancy. It was proven that results of similar studies conducted on birds about hormonal mechanism and uterine motility related to ovulation, egg formation, and uterine dilatation, could be used as an experimental model of the gestation of mammals.
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PMID:[Motricity of the female genital apparatus in mammals. Hormonal correlations]. 13 63

Neurohypophysial hormone-Neurophysin complexes have been prepared from posterior pituitary glands of Artiodactyla (ox, sheep, pig), Perissodactyla (horse) and Cetacea (whale), by fractionated salt precipitation. The components have been separated by molecular sieving in 0.2 M acetic acid and neurophysins have been purified by ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-Sephadex A-50. Two types of neurophysins, MSEL-neurophysins and VLDV-neurophysins, can be distinguished according to the amino acid residues in positions 2, 3, 6 and 7. MSEL-neurophysins of sheep, ox and pig have been characterized by the amino acid sequence. Ovine and bovine MSEL-neurophysins are nearly identical (one substitution out of 95 residues) and porcine MSEL-neurophysin is very similar (four substitutions and an apparent 3-residue C-terminal deletion). The biological function of neurophysins might be the carriage of neurohypophysial hormones but in this respect, each type of neurophysin is not clearly specific for a given hormone. On the other hand, each neurophysin might share a common precursor with a neurohypophysial hormone, the two parts remaining associated after cleavage. However, in the sheep posterior pituitary gland, the molar proportions of the two types of neurophysins, oxytocin and arginine vasopressin, are not equal, MSEL-neurophysin being more abundant than the other components. If a common precursor exists, neurophysins and neurohypophysial hormones are not merely produced by a simple cleavage mechanism.
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PMID:[Neurophysins of Mammals: evolution and biological signification]. 13 92


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