Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P01178 (oxytocin)
 15,767 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A randomised double-blind trial was done to determine the effect on cervical ripening of 50 mg intravaginal prostaglandin F2 alpha (P.G.F.2 alpha) in a methyl cellulose gel given on the evening before surgical induction of labour. Patients were given either placebo or P.G.F.2 alpha and in both groups cervical stretching and sweeping of the fetal membranes was attempted. Of the 40 control patients, 3 had gone into labour and the mean improvement in the cervical score was 1.6 before surgical induction the next morning. However, 20 of the 40 patients receiving P.G.F.2 alpha went into labour before the proposed induction and the mean change in cervical score (5.1) was significantly greater than that in the placebo group. Of the 40 patients pretreated with P.G.F.2 alpha, 37 had improved cervical scores and significantly fewer required augmentation in labour with intravenous oxytocin than in the control group. No side-effects were experienced and the patients found the treatment acceptable.
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PMID:Cervical ripening and induction of labour with intravaginal prostaglandin F2 alpha. 8 47

Vaginal pessaries containing 3 mg of prostaglandin E2 were used to induce labour in 200 patients with variable induction features. Prostaglandin-induced labour was augmented where necessary by synthetic oxytocin. There was on failed induction. Only 23% of patients with favourable induction features and 53% of patients with unfavourable features needed oxytocin. There were no adverse fetal or maternal effects. The prostaglandin E2 pessary was as effective in inducing labour as 350 microgram extra-amniotic prostaglandin E2 in tylose in a comparable group of 200 patients in which there were 4 failed inductions.
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PMID:Prostaglandin E, pessaries for induction of labour. 8 63

A matched control study was undertaken in which 156 children were examined between ages 23 and 62 months after births associated with spontaneous labor, oxytocin-induced labor, or prostaglandin E2 (PGE2)--induced labor. Physical development was not adversely affected by labor induction based on height and weight percentiles. The frequency of neurologic or developmental abnormalities not attributable to postdelivery events was the same overall in induced and spontaneous labors (19.2 per 1,000), but those abnormalities occurring after labor induction all followed use of oxytocin. None followed PGE2 despite case-selection criteria which specifically chose PGE2 cases from among those with documented adverse drug-related reactions.
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PMID:Infant outcome following labor induction. 8 16

Biochemical and immunochemical studies were carried out to prove the structural heterogeneous and supermolecular nature of the rat brain BTB-protein. Microheterogeneity of the BTB-protein--6 subfractions--was found by disc electrophoresis in 30% gel and isoelectric focusing (pH 3-5). Two of the proteins are RNA-proteids. The presence of neurophysin in BTB-protein is suggested. Heterogeneity of BTB-protein according to its antigenic specificity was found by methods of immunodiffusion, immunoelectrophoresis and immunodisc electrophoresis. Heterofunctional complexes are supposed to exist in the nervous tissue which possesses various structural qualities and functional activities within the complex.
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PMID:[Structural heterogeneity of prealbumin fraction rat brain]. 9 81

The hypothalamic magnocellular system of the adult female rhesus monkey is studied here, using immunoperoxidase technique and antisera to estrogen stimulated neurophysin (ESN), nicotine stimulated neurophysin (NSN), oxytocin (OT) and vasopressin (VP). These observations confirm and enlarge previous descriptions by others using Gomori techniques. It is apparent from this study that the magnocellular system spreads through a broader area than is generally accepted. A group of cells ventral to the head of the caudate nucleus and medial to the internal capsule is described. The general orientation of the nuclei and their tracts can only be appreciated when coronal, horizontal and sagittal sections are compared. Our observations suggest that the supraoptic nucleus is made up of a single group of cells that straddles the optic pathways, and is not divided in three segments, as it is generally described. It is also shown that the rostral extensions of the paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei merge above the optic chiasm. Cells containing ESN/OT and NSN/VP are evenly dispersed in the paraventricular nucleus but a topographical arrangement is present in the supraoptic nucleus. The magnocellular nuclei project to the organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis, zona externa of the median eminence and pars nervosa of the pituitary gland. Reactive fibers were also seen within islets of cells from the pars intermedia located inside the pars nervosa. A globular structure containing small blood vessels surrounded by positive fibers was noticed protruding into the floor of the third ventricle, at the level of the median eminence.
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PMID:The hypothalamic magnocellular system of the rhesus monkey: an immunocytochemical study. 9 59

In a preliminary report we described the effects of rat prolactin on the incorporation of [14C]acetate into lipids by a cell line from a dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-induced rat mammary tumor. The characteristics of the response to prolactin were very similar to those described for the normal rat mammary gland; namely, insulin was required for full expression of the response, maximal activity was not seen until 36 hr after the addition of the hormones, and growth hormone was able to elicit the same response. However, we were unable to detect binding of 125I-labeled prolactin to these cells, and furthermore, other more purified prolactin preparations were inactive. Upon further investigation we discovered that the activity resided in a low-molecular-weight fraction of the rat prolactin B-1 preparation and was probably either vasopressin or oxytocin or both. These data suggest the possibility that vasopressin may play a role in rodent mammary tumorigenesis.
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PMID:Vasopressin stimulation of acetate incorporation into lipids in a dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-induced rat mammary tumor cell line. 10 Feb 17

Amphibian epithelia have been used as models for studying the effects of psychotropic drugs on membrane transport. Several of these agents added to the internal or to the external media, at concentrations greater than 10(-3) M, had inhibitory, "ouabain-like" effects on Na transport. In contrast, stimulatory, "vasopressin-like" effects were seen at lower concentrations. The stimulation was additive to that of oxytocin if the drug was present in the external solution but nonadditive if in the internal solution. On water transport, harmala alkaloids had a vasopressinomimetic action in toad skin, while inhibition was seen with Li and amitriptyline. To account for these multiple effects, it is hypothesized that psychotropic drugs act on the following cell targets: the Na pump, the cyclic nucleotide system, microtubules, and membrane calcium sites at the outer barrier of the epithelium. Direct, biochemical evidence is needed to substantiate this hypothesis.
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PMID:Vasopressin-like effects of psychotropic drugs in amphibian epithelia. 10 41

The effects of TRH upon neurohypophyseal hormone release were studied in conscious rabbits. Intravenous infusion of 250 nm/kg TRH had no significant effect on either arginine vasopressin (AVP) or oxytocin (OT) release, but a 5-fold greater dose led to significant increases in plasma levels of both AVP and OT and behavioral arousal. Intraventricular injection of 3 nm TRH produced significant elevations of both plasma AVP and OT, with even greater effects on behavior than after iv infusion. The maximal hormone response to intraventricular injection was observed considerably earlier than that for iv injection and the response occurred after an almost 1000-fold lower dose of TRH. Neither artificial cerebrospinal fluid vehicle nor the inactive analogue D-tyrosine2 TRH (p-Glu-d-Tyr-Proamide) had any effect on neurohypophyseal hormone release or on behavior. MK-771 [L-N-(2-oxopiperidin-6-YL-carbonyl)-L-histidyl-L-thiazolidine-4-carboxamide], a TRH analog with enhanced central nervous system effects, had effects on AVP and OT release comparable to equimolar doses of TRH. TRH stimulates release of both AVP and OT after both intraventricular and iv injection, and these effects may be independent of behavioral activation.
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PMID:Thyrotropin-releasing hormone stimulates release of arginine vasopressin and oxytocin in vivo. 10 88

The neurohypophyseal hormones vasopressin and oxytocin modulate memory processes. Vasopressin facilitates, while oxytocin attenuates memory consolidation and retrieval. These influences are located in different regions of the molecules. Thus, the neurohypophyseal hormones act as precursor molecules for neuropeptides involved in memory processes. The covalent ring structures of both vasopressin and oxytocin mainly affect consolidation; the linear parts, retrieval processes; while nearly the whole oxytocin or vasotocin molecule is needed for attenuation of consolidation and retrieval. Regional studies, utilizing microdissection techniques in combination with a sensitive radioenzymatic catecholamine assay, revealed a distinct pattern of effects on cerebral alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine methylester-induced catecholamine disappearance following intraventricular vasopressin administration in limbic midbrain structures. In situations in which the amount of bioavailable vasopressin in the brain is absent, as is the case in the Brattleboro rat with hereditary diabetes insipidus, or neutralized in normal Wistar rats following the intraventricular administration of antivasopressin serum, regional catecholamine disappearance in most cases is altered in a direction opposite to that observed after intracerebroventricular vasopressin administration. These results indicate that vasopressin modulates memory processes by modulation of neurotransmission in distinct catecholamine systems. Recent experiments suggest that the influence of vasopressin on memory consolidation is mediated by the dorsal noradrenergic bundle via terminal regions of this bundle.
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PMID:Neurohypophyseal principles and memory. 11 Jun 23

Toad urinary bladders were mounted in Ussing-type chambers and volt-age-clamped. At nonzero voltages only, small fluctuations in current, delta I, and therefore in tissue conductance, delta Gt, were detected. These fluctuations were caused by the smooth muscle of the underlying tissue which could be monitored continuously and simultaneously with the current, I. Inhibition of the smooth muscle contraction with verapamil (2 X 10(-5) M) abolished the fluctuations in I and Gt. Amiloride (10(-4) M) had no significant effect on the magnitude of delta Gt, oxytocin increased Gt without affecting delta Gt, and mucosal hypertonicity produced by mannitol increased delta Gt. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that two parallel pathways exist for passive current flow across the toad urinary bladder: one, the cellular pathway, was not affected by smooth muscle activity; the other, the paracellular pathway, was the route whose conductance was altered by the action of the smooth muscle. Thus the relationship between the cellular and shunt conductances of the epithelium of the toad urinary bladder, under a variety of conditions, can be investigated by utilizing the effects of the movement of the smooth muscle.
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PMID:Cellular and shunt conductances of toad bladder epithelium. 11 Sep 41


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