Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P01178 (oxytocin)
 15,767 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Dams were fed normal laboratory chow until delivery. At birth, the litters were combined, and eight pups were randomly assigned to each dam. Dams with the recombined litters were divided into two groups. Dams of group 1 were fed a 20% protein diet as a control; dams of group 2 were fed a 20% protein diet supplemented with caffeine (2 mg/100 g of the dam's weight). On day 22, the dams of group 2 were anaesthetized with ether. They were injected with 2 iu of oxytocin in order to collect milk. Blood was collected from pups and dams to determine its caffeine concentration. The first and second molars were removed from each pup's mandible and maxilla. Radiographs were taken of 10 randomly selected first or second molars from each group. Four randomly selected molars from each litter were placed in a specially designed chamber and bathed with a constant flow of acid solution to determine the amount of mineral dissolved from the enamel surfaces. The remaining non-acid exposed molars were pulverized in freezer mills. A small portion of this powder was then analysed for the total amount of minerals. No differences were found in the radiographic density of enamel between the groups. The amount of dissolved calcium, phosphorus and magnesium from enamel surfaces in the caffeine group was consistently greater than that of the non-caffeine group in the first molars, whereas, in the second molars, there was no difference between the groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Effects of maternal caffeine intake during lactation on molar enamel surfaces in new-born rats. 162 36

Changes in the mineral composition of mare milk during lactation were studied. Milk samples were obtained from five Thoroughbred mares one to three times weekly from the first to the eighth week of lactation and from two of the mares for an additional 8 wk. Samples averaging 500 mL were obtained after oxytocin was administered to the mares. Each sample was analyzed for total solids, ash, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sodium, potassium, copper and zinc. The concentration of all constituents except sodium and potassium decreased throughout lactation. The rates of decline of ash, calcium, phosphorus and magnesium concentration were similar, but the rates of decline of the other elements differed. Thus, the mineral composition of mare milk should be described in terms of the stage of lactation of the mare. The total solids and ash content of mare milk were 12 and 0.61% respectively, at the end of the first week of lactation, 10.5 and 0.45% at 4 wk, 10 and 0.38% at 8 wk and 10.2 and 0.32% at 16 wk. The calcium, phosphorus and magnesium concentrations at the end of the same periods were 1345, 943 and 118 micrograms/g of milk at 1 wk; 1070, 659 and 86 at 4 wk; 831, 574 and 58 at 8 wk and 700, 540 and 43 micrograms/g of milk at 16 wk. Copper and zinc concentrations were 0.85 and 3.1, 0.55 and 2.2, 0.29 and 1.9 and 0.28 and 1.8 microgram/g of milk at 1, 4, 8 and 16 wk, respectively.
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PMID:Lactation in the horse: the mineral composition of mare milk. 379 22

Lactational performance, milk composition, mammary calcium pools and serum calcium were examined in vitamin D-deficient lactating mice to determine whether the mammary gland is a target organ for vitamin D. CD1 mice were fed vitamin D-deficient or control diets containing 1.2% calcium and 0.5% phosphorus 8-12 weeks prior to breeding. Plasma calcium levels were within normal limits in all mice. Vitamin D deficiency was verified by lack of detectable serum 25-hydroxycholecalciferol. Deficient mice had fewer pups per litter than controls (7.1 +/- 0.5 vs. 8.4 +/- 0.3; P less than 0.05). Pups from vitamin D-deficient and repleted mothers grew at the same rate. Mammary tissue intracellular and extracellular calcium pools, measured by an efflux technique, did not differ in the two groups. Milk samples were collected by suction after injection of 0.1 IU of oxytocin i.p. or anaerobically by a surgical technique. Although protein, Na, K, ionized calcium and pH did not differ, milk from vitamin D-deficient mice had lower lactose (114.6 vs. 135.9 mM; P less than 0.02) and slightly lower calcium (66.8 vs. 75.4 mM; P less than 0.1) concentrations than controls. The data do not demonstrate any direct effects of vitamin D on mammary gland calcium metabolism.
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PMID:Effect of vitamin D deficiency on mouse mammary gland and milk. 669 84

The purpose of this study was to investigate the elemental composition of myometrial cells from term parturient women with normal and dysfunctional labour. Myometrial biopsies were obtained from forty-four term pregnant women undergoing Cesarean section. The patients were categorized according to uterine activity as follows: before labour, normal labour, labour successfully augmented by oxytocin, oxytocin-resistant labour, and labour arrested by terbutaline. X-ray microanalysis of freeze-dried sections (16 mu m thick) of the myometrium was carried out. An increase in intracellular phosphorus level (p < .01) was noted in the normal labour group compared to before labour. In patients with normal labour, higher phosphorus (p < .009) and potassium (p < .005) were found compared to oxytocin resistant labour. Patients with oxytocin resistant labour had lower intracellular potassium (p < .0006) and phosphorus (p < .02), and higher chloride (p < .05) and sodium (p < .03) compared to levels found in patients who responded to oxytocin treatment. In dysfunctional (oxytocin-resistant) labour the ion distribution in the myometrial cells might be disturbed. The reduced level of potassium and phosphorus together with the high sodium and chloride levels found in patients with oxytocin resistant labour may be connected to an impairment in sodium-potassium pump and muscle dysfunction, clinically diagnosed as dystocia.
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PMID:X-ray microanalysis of myometrium in parturient women at term. 892 28

Current guidelines for dialysis in pregnant women have been developed in response to occasional dialysis patients who unexpectedly become pregnant. These include prolonged dialysis times, generally 20 or more hours per week. The increased dialysis time requires careful monitoring of phosphorus and potassium which may be removed in excessive amounts. Target serum bicarbonate for a pregnant woman is 18-20 mEq/L. Patients require increased supplementation of water soluble vitamins particularly folate. Increased doses of erythropoietin are needed to meet the demands for increased red cell production occasioned by pregnancy. Hypertension is the greatest danger to the mother and extreme vigilance is required up to six weeks postpartum. Volume status is difficult to predict and can only be determined by repeated clinical assessment. Only 50% of pregnancies result in a surviving infant and in the best subgroups, no more than 75% of pregnancies are successful. Over 80% of live born infants are premature, often severely premature. The key to improving the outcome of pregnancy in dialysis patients lies in decreasing premature labor and premature rupture of membranes in the late second and early third trimester. To this end, it is important for obstetricians to recognize that the risk of prematurity in pregnant dialysis patients is as higher or higher than in any other group and that any intervention, including such measures as progesterone and oxytocin antagonists, used to prevent premature labor in other groups should be considered in dialysis patients.
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PMID:Pregnancy in dialysis patients: where do we go from here? 1296 89