Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P01178 (oxytocin)
 15,767 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) is a peptide amide containing 28 amino acids which was first isolated from the intestine and is distributed over the entire body but primarily in the nervous system. It is released in response to the electrical stimulation of nerve fibres, stimulation of the vagus, prostaglandin E1, oxytocin, operation stress, corticosterone. In the cardiovascular system, VIP has a vasodilation, hypotension, positive chronotropic and inotropic effects.
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PMID:Distributions of VIP, substance P, neurokinin A and neurotensin in rat heart: an immunocytochemical study. 1065 67

A 39-year-old parturient with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) was scheduled for cesarean section at 37 weeks gestation. ITP, diagnosed during the first pregnancy, recurred during the second pregnancy, and she was treated with high dose gamma-globulin and platelets transfusion to increase her platelets count over 5.0 x 10(4) x microliter-1 before cesarean section. During the operation under general anesthesia with propofol and pentazocin, atonic hemorrhage occurred gradually with increasing blood loss after the parturition. Since administration of oxytocin, ergometrine maleate, and prostaglandin E1 could not improve the uterine contraction, the hysterectomy was performed to control massive bleeding (finally 8200 g). Packed red cells (22 units) and platelets (40 units) were transfused and fresh frozen plasma (28 units) was infused during anesthesia. Management of ITP during pregnancy is important to prevent hemorrhagic complications because of a narrow safety margin of parturient and fetus.
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PMID:[Anesthetic management of cesarean section for a patient with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura]. 1099 89

Rupture of unscarred uterus during the second trimester is rare. There have been only 32 cases reported in the literature since 1968. A case of ruptured uterus in a grand multiparous woman is presented. To our knowledge, this might be the first reported case in the English literature of uterine rupture during second trimester termination of pregnancy using a prostaglandin E1 analogue (Misoprostol) and oxytocin.
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PMID:Uterine rupture in second trimester abortion in a grand multiparous woman. A complication of misoprostol and oxytocin. 1138 12

This paper explores the effects of prostaglandins (PGs) on the Fallopian tubes and on the uterus. In vitro experimentation has shown that PGE1 and PGF2alpha stimulate the longitudinal muscle of the tubes, while, on the nonpregnant uterus, PGEs diminish the tonus of the muscle and PGFs stimulate it. The physiological action of PGs on the nonpregnant uterus is unclear; it is impossible to affirm or to deny that PGs contained in the sperm exercise an action on the female genital apparatus. The pregnant uterus, on the other hand, is stimulated by PGEs and by PGFs in vitro and in vivo, according to dosage and throughout the pregnancy. It is possible that PGs, which have been found in the amniotic fluid during labor, physiologically contribute to induction of labor. Thus, PGEs have already been used intravenously in induction of labor at term, at an average dose of 463 mcg, and with an average induction-delivery time of 7.9 hours. In certain cases PGs seem to be more effective than oxytocin. PGE2 has also been shown to be very effective in induction of therapeutic abortion, especially during the 2nd trimester, either by intravenous or therapeutic abortion, especially during the 2nd trimester, either by intravenous or by intrauterine administration. This last way of administration requires a lower dose of the drug; in both modes of administration side effects of vomiting, nausea, and diarrhea are common. The clinical applications of PGs have not yet been completely explored.
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PMID:[Prostaglandins in gynecology and obstetrics]. 1227 39

The low postpartum levels of PGI2 interacting with oxytocin vis-a-vis myometrial contractility may prevent postpartum hemorrhage. Predisposing factors for atonic postpartum bleeding are uterine overdistension, grand multiparity, prolonged labor, anemia, toxemia, and heavy narcosis. Routine administration of oxytocic agents reduce uterine atony. In 1 group of 40 patients .2 mg methyl ergometrine given iv postplacentally produced less bleeding than in the other group of 40 getting placebo. 1 mg of iv PGE1, .2 mg ergometrine, 3 IU oxytocin or a combination of PGE1 and ergometrine was compared in 180 women. PGE1 did not reduce blood loss. PGF2alpha was used successfully to induce labor in 21 women reducing blood loss compared to oxytocin. Another 10 women received in syntometrine and 5 got im .25 mg sulprostone at the moment of crowning, and the latter reduced postpartum blood loss. 90 women in 3 groups of 30 each at high risk of hemorrhage were injected im .2 mg methyl ergometrine maleate, .25 mg 15-methyl-PGF2alpha, and .5 mg sulprostone, respectively, resulting in prevention of severe hemorrhage. Intramyometrial injection of .5-1 mg of PGF2alpha induced uterine contractions and controlled bleeding in atonic hemorrhage when oxytocin failed. 20 mg PGE2 vaginal suppositories controlled postpartum atony after cesarean section, although fever and hypotension did occur. Im 15-methyl-PGF2alpha proved superior in producing hemostasis to intramyometrial PGF2alpha injection. In 2 studies .25 mg of 15-methyl-PGF2alpha was injected at 1.5 hour intervals arresting hemorrhage in 15 out of 16 and 18 out of 20 cases, respectively. Intrauterine infection caused all 3 failures. Sulprostone by infusion of 1.7-30 mcg/min or by 500 mcg im injection also controls postpartum hemorrhage.
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PMID:The use of prostaglandins in post-partum haemorrhage. 1231 32

Induction of labor is one of the most important means for therapeutic intervention in modern obstetrics. The aim of labor induction is to achieve a better perinatal result for mother and baby as compared to expectative management. Different methods for induction include administration of oxytocin or prostaglandins, amniotomy, and mechanical means of cervical dilatation. The success of the labor induction depends primarily on the readiness of the uterus to go into labor, and the method used for induction. If the cervical ripeness is very advanced, induction with amniotomy and oxytocin seems beneficial. However if the cervix is not yet ready, intravaginal or intracervical prostaglandins are more promising. Until recently, prostaglandins E2 are used in the first line. Now, the prostaglandin E1-analogon misoprostol is also increasingly used. As a rule, induction of labor should be performed as an inpatient procedure in order to be able to provide the surveillance for maternal and fetal safety.
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PMID:[Current aspects of labor induction]. 1258 52

Prostaglandins and histamine in the hypothalamus are involved in the regulation of oxytocin and vasopressin secretion, and appear to be involved in the mediation of pituitary hormone responses to immunochallenges. Therefore, we investigated in conscious male rats: (i) whether blockade of H1 or H2 receptors affected the oxytocin and vasopressin responses to prostaglandins and (ii) whether blockade of prostaglandin synthesis affected the oxytocin and vasopressin responses to histamine or to Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS), in order to determine any interaction between prostaglandins and histamine in the hypothalamus. Oxytocin secretion was dose-dependently stimulated by intracerebroventricular infusion of 1 or 5 microg of PGE1, PGE2 or PGF2alpha, with PGE2 being the most potent of the compounds used. Prior central infusion of the H1 receptor antagonist mepyramine or the H2 receptor antagonist cimetidine significantly inhibited the oxytocin response to all three prostaglandins by approximately 50%. Vasopressin secretion was increased by PGE1 but not by PGE2 or PGF2alpha. The stimulatory effect of PGE1 was almost annihilated by prior administration of mepyramine or cimetidine. Central infusion of histamine or immunochallenge with LPS administered intraperitoneally increased oxytocin and vasopressin secretion four- and two-fold, respectively. Pretreatment with systemic injection of the prostaglandin synthesis inhibitor indomethacin dose-dependently reduced the oxytocin response and prevented the vasopressin response to histamine or LPS. We conclude that histamine and PGE1, PGE2 or PGF2alpha interact in the regulation of oxytocin secretion, whereas histamine and only PGE1 interact in the regulation of vasopressin secretion. Furthermore, histamine as well as LPS may affect oxytocin and vasopressin neurones via activation of prostaglandins, probably in the hypothalamic supraoptic nucleus.
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PMID:Histamine and prostaglandin interaction in regulation of oxytocin and vasopressin secretion. 1296 38

Induction of labour is a common obstetric instrument to employ when the potential risk to continue a pregnancy is higher than to terminate it. The methods of induction can be pharmacological or mechanical; the choice of the method mainly depends by the cervical ripening, as it is significantly able to influence, according to the type of induction, its final issue. The mechanical methods are: stripping and sweeping of the membranes, hand dilatation of cervix, intrauterine pressure catheters, Laminaria Japonicum, transcervical Foley catheter and amniotomy. To pharmacological methods include some agents such as the prostaglandins (PG), the most common approach to induce a labour, and used above all by vaginal way in patients with unripe cervix. They simulate the natural PG effects at the beginning of delivery and show a great efficiency. There are a lot of PG on the market, but except some of them, as Dinoprostone for PGE2 and Misoprostol for PGE1, no one of them shows the same safety in management of labour. Oxytocin, another inductive method, administered by diluted intravenous infusion, is utilized alone or mainly with other methods when the labour is started or with rupture of the membranes, because it begins or maintains the myometrial contraction.
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PMID:[Induction of labour: which method to use?]. 1467 36

The authors report their experiences in inducing labour between the 34th and the 43rd week of amenorrhea by the administration of prostaglandins. The detailed results of several series are compared: PGF2alpha by venous perfusion alone (100 cases) or associated with buccal oxytocin (100 other cases), PGE1 by perfusion (25 cases), PGF2alpha and PGE2 by intra-amniotic injection in cases of fetal death (25 cases). After an extremely detailed discussion of the maternal and fetal results and of the secondary effects, the authors explain the indications, the means of introduction, and also the dosages. Finally they compare the effects of prostaglandins in full-term inductions and in so-called therapeutic abortions.
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PMID:[Induction of labor with the help of the prostaglandins E1, E2, F1alpha, and F2alpha]. 1743 93

The placenta is essential in transferring gases and nutrients from the mother to the developing fetus. Trophoblast apoptosis may cause labor or other pregnancy-related disorders. This study demonstrated the essential role of Mst3, a human Ste20-like protein kinase, in the oxidative stress-induced apoptosis of trophoblasts of term placenta in normal spontaneous delivery. Oxidative stress, but not hormones released during labor such as prostaglandin E1, oxytocin or angiotensin II, induces the expression of Mst3 and apoptosis of human term placenta after elective Cesarean section without labor pain. The role of Mst3 in oxidative stress-induced apoptosis was further demonstrated in the 3A-sub-E, a human trophoblast cell line. The H2O2-induced apoptosis of 3A-sub-E cells was largely suppressed by overexpressed Mst3KR, the kinase-dead mutant or by selective knockdown of endogenous Mst3. Further studies showed that Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) may participate in the signaling pathway of H2O2-induced apoptosis by mediating the level of Mst3. Subsequently, caspase 3 and other downstream apoptotic components may be activated by Mst3 and trigger the apoptotic process in human trophoblasts.
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PMID:Mammalian Ste20-like protein kinase 3 mediates trophoblast apoptosis in spontaneous delivery. 1804 Jul 75


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