Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P01178 (oxytocin)
 15,767 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The MP levels of the mammary gland's secretory cells and transepithelial differences of potential were found to depend on extracellular ions of sodium and chloride in lactating white mice. Substitution of the sodium ions with the choline ions increased a little the difference of potentials, whereas substitution of the chloride ions with sulfuric acid ions decreased it. Transepithelial electrical resistance increased in both cases. Substitution of the sodium ions with ions of choline and of the chloride ions with sulfuric acid ions suppressed hyperpolarization changes of the MP and increased the transepithelial difference of potentials. Contractile responses of myoepithelial cells to the action of acetylcholine and oxytocin were also depressed. The sodium and chloride ions seem to affect simultaneously the processes of the potassium ions release from secretory cells and contractile responses of the alveoli's myoepithelial cells.
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PMID:[The participation of sodium and chlorine ions in the reactions of the secretory cells and alveolar myoepithelium of the mammary gland]. 217 47

The effects of metaphylactic measures in cattle herds with the aim of diminishing puerperal disturbances and ensurement of high reproductive performance were studied. About 5000 cows in more than 30 groups (experimental and controls) were included into the clinical investigations. Dietary supplementation by sodium propionic acid over a period of 4 weeks, oxytocin or parasympathomimetics administered during the first 3 days post partum had a certain metaphylactic effect, only when the therapeutic principle met the prevalent cause of the given puerperal disturbance. In herds with high incidence of noninfectious retention of fetal membranes the metaphylactic application of Se and Vitamin E (10 days ante partum) can be taken into account. Stimulation of the ovarian activity by GnRH is recommended in animals which fail to have developed follicular activity by the 12th-15th day post partum.
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PMID:[Metaphylaxis of puerperal disorders in cattle]. 224 74

Azuletil sodium (AZE, 100 mg/kg, p.o.) did not affect the general behaviors, spontaneous motor activity, pentobarbital-induced hypnosis and body temperature. Furthermore, it did not elicit anticonvulsant and muscle relaxant actions. However, AZE (300 mg/kg, p.o.) elicited a stiff gate and slightly inhibited the spontaneous motor activity and electroshock-induced convulsions. It had no influence on spontaneous EEG activities, even at 30 mg/kg, i.v. AZE inhibited acetic acid-induced writhing moderately at doses above 100 mg/kg. AZE at concentrations up to 10(-5) g/ml did not affect agonist-induced contractions of the isolated ileum, trachea, vas deference and uterus, but inhibited serotonin and oxytocin-induced contraction at concentrations above 3 x 10(-4) and 10(-5) g/ml, respectively; and it also depressed spontaneous movements of the ileum and uterus at concentrations above 3 x 10(-4) g/ml. AZE caused no changes in blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), left ventricular pressure, ECG, tracheal pressure (TP), femoral blood flow (FBF) and coronary blood flow (CBF) at doses up to 10 mg/kg, i.v. in anesthetized dogs, but it caused an increase or a decrease in BP, an increase in TP and an increase in CBF at 30 mg/kg, i.v. However, even at 300 mg/kg, p.o., it caused no changes in BP and HR in conscious rats. AZE moderately promoted the charcoal transport. AZE at doses up to 300 mg/kg, p.o. did not affect urine volume, urinary electrolyte excretion, blood glucose and prothrombin time. These results suggest that AZE at anti-ulcer doses of 10-100 mg/kg, p.o. does not have noticeable effects on general pharmacological properties, and there is no marked differences as compared with those of GAS.
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PMID:[General pharmacological properties of an anti-ulcer drug, azuletil sodium (KT1-32)]. 225 26

Goose VLDV-neurophysin (mesotocin-associated neurophysin) has been purified from posterior pituitary glands through molecular sieving on Sephadex G-75 and high-pressure reverse-phase liquid chromatography on Nucleosil C-18 columns. Despite apparent molecular mass of unreduced VLDV-neurophysin measured by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with sodium dodecylsulfate appeared near 17 kDa, this value fell to 11 kDa after reduction with mercaptoethanol, suggesting the existence of a homodimer. Complete amino acid sequence (93 residues) of goose VLDV-neurophysin has been determined. N- and C-terminal sequences of the protein have been established by Edman degradation (microsequencing) and use of carboxypeptidase Y, respectively. Peptides derived from oxidized or carboxamidomethylated neurophysin by trypsin or staphylococcal proteinase hydrolyses have been isolated by high-pressure liquid chromatography and microsequenced, allowing determination of the complete sequence. Comparison within the vertebrate VLDV-neurophysin lineage, namely goose VLDV-neurophysin to mammalian VLDV-neurophysins and to deduced toad VLDV-neurophysin, reveals a residue insertion between positions 66 and 67 in the nonmammalian VLDV-neurophysins. When goose MSEL-neurophysin (vasotocin-associated neurophysin) and goose VLDV-neurophysin are compared to their bovine counterparts, identical substitutions are found in positions 17 (Asn in both goose neurophysins instead of Gly in both ox neurophysins), 18 (Arg instead of Lys), 35 (Tyr instead of Phe), and 41 (Thr instead of Ala). Identity of the sequences 10-74 in both ox neurophysins has been explained by partial gene conversion between oxytocin and vasopressin genes, and identical substitutions in both goose neurophysins might reveal a similar gene conversion between mesotocin and vasopressin genes in birds.
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PMID:Complete amino acid sequence of goose VLDV-neurophysin. Traces of a putative gene conversion between promesotocin and provasotocin genes. 227 74

1. The effect of caffeine on mechanical activity was studied in pregnant rat myometrium. 2. In muscle cells with intact plasmalemmae, caffeine (0.1-50 mM) produced no contraction whatever the experimental conditions. 3. Caffeine (0.1-10 mM) inhibited, in a concentration-dependent manner, contractions induced by electrical stimulation, potassium-rich (60 mM K+) solution, sodium-free solution or oxytocin (22.5 nM). 4. In Ca2(+)-free solution, various substances (oxytocin, sodium orthovanadate and prostaglandin E2) evoked sustained contractions that were suppressed by caffeine (5-10 mM). When caffeine (greater than 5 mM) was applied during Ca2(+)-loading of the tissue (2.1 mM Ca2+, 5 min) in the presence of a K(+)-rich solution, the subsequent transient contraction induced by a short application (10s) of oxytocin (22.5 nM) in Ca-free solution was reduced (63 +/- 3.5% reduction for 20 mM caffeine, n = 4). 5. In saponin-skinned strips, application of caffeine (5-10 mM) during loading of the Ca2(+)-store increased the subsequent contraction induced by myo-inositol 1,4,5 trisphosphate (IP3, 10 microM). Caffeine (10-30 mM) decreased calcium-activated contractions in skinned fibres lacking a functional internal Ca-store. This effect was reduced by the cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase inhibitor Thr-Thr-Tyr-Ala-Asp-Phe-Ile-Ala-Ser-Gly-Arg-Thr-Gly-Arg-Arg-Asn-Ala-Ile- His-Asp (8 microM). 6. In conclusion, it is suggested that the inability of caffeine to cause spasm of rat myometrium is due to the absence of a caffeine-sensitive calcium-release channel in the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Relaxant effects of caffeine can be explained by mechanisms leading to a decrease in both the cytoplasmic free Ca2+ concentration and the Ca2 +-sensitivity of the contractile machinery.
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PMID:Caffeine acting on pregnant rat myometrium: analysis of its relaxant action and its failure to release Ca2+ from intracellular stores. 232 93

It was found that 10(-8) mol/l oxytocin (OT) application exerted effects on functional properties of three types of acetylcholine (ACh) receptors in neurons identified in the ganglia of Helix pomatia under voltage clamp conditions. OT depressed ACh-induced sodium-potassium-calcium current in neuron RB3 without a shift of the reversion potential. The data obtained show that there are two types (subtypes) of ACh receptors connected with chloride channels. OT decreased the ACh-induced chloride current in neuron F4 and enhanced the ACh-induced chloride current and desensitization of ACh receptors in neurons D5, F86. Effects of OT and serotonin applications were reversible but not additional. Effects of OT injection and OT application were independent. The present results suggest that cyclic AMP may be the second messenger mediating the OT-induced modulation of functional properties of three types of ACh receptors.
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PMID:[Oxytocin modulation of the functional properties of 3 types of cholinoreceptors in mollusk neurons]. 233 36

We examined the effects of acute and chronic treatments with naloxone on release of vasopressin and oxytocin from the hypothalamoneurohypophyseal system (HNS) in conscious, chronically instrumented Long-Evans rats. Plasma concentrations of vasopressin-associated neurophysin and oxytocin-associated neurophysin were evaluated before and during an intravenous infusion of 18% saline at 100 microL.kg-1 body weight.min-1 for 60 min. Acute treatment with naloxone (2.75 mumol/kg, intravenous) did not measurably alter basal plasma osmolality or vasopressin-associated neurophysin concentration, but it caused a three-fold rise in basal plasma oxytocin-associated neurophysin concentration (16 +/- 2 to 46 +/- 3 fmol/mL, p less than 0.005). Chronic treatment with naloxone (13.75 mumol/day, subcutaneous pellets) increased plasma osmolality (292 +/- 1 to 300 +/- 2 mosmol/kg H2O, p less than 0.01) by day 5, but it had no measurable effects on basal vasopressin- or oxytocin-associated neurophysin concentration. There were also no significant differences in plasma sodium concentration (144.8 +/- 1.1 vs. 142.2 +/- 1.4 mequiv./L) under both conditions. Acute and chronic treatments with naloxone accompanied by salt loading produced a five- and four-fold decrease in the rates that plasma concentration of vasopressin-associated neurophysin changed with plasma osmolality, compared with untreated salt-loaded control rats. For oxytocin secretion from the HNS, both treatments accompanied by salt loading substantially decreased the threshold for changes in relation to plasma osmolality; the rise in plasma concentration of oxytocin-associated neurophysin was similar at all levels of hyperosmotic stimulation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Influence of opioid peptides on release from vasopressin and oxytocin neurones of the hypothalamoneurohypophyseal system: effects of naloxone in the conscious rat. 234 Apr 46

In this study we examined the effects of 2% saline loading (S), partial restriction of water consumption (R) or a combination of S or R with dexamethasone (DEX) treatment for 14 days on corticotropin releasing factor (CRF)-41 content of the neurointermediate lobe (NIL) and supraoptic nuclei (SON) of male Wistar rats. Arginine vasopressin (AVP) and oxytocin (OXY) contents of the NIL and SON were also assayed as well as plasma corticosterone, ACTH, [Na+] and [Cl-] concentrations. S or R for 14 days resulted in an increase in CRF-41 content and a concomitant drop in AVP and OXY contents of the NIL. Dexamethasone treatment enhanced the effect of S but not of R on NIL CRF-41 content. Dexamethasone treatment abolished the decrease in the AVP content and partially reversed the decrease in the OXY content of the NIL in response to S but not in response to R. No changes were observed in CRF-41, AVP and OXY content of the SON. Unstressed plasma corticosterone concentrations were not changed in S rats but were elevated in R rats; DEX did not prevent this elevation. Plasma ACTH concentrations were low in all groups examined. Plasma [Na+] and [Cl-] increased in response to both S and R. Increases in [Na+] and [Cl-] evoked by S but not R were prevented by DEX treatment. The results show that in the NIL, osmotic stimulation decreases AVP and OXY content, while it increases the CRF-41 content.
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PMID:Osmotic stimulation affects neurohypophysial corticotropin releasing factor-41 content: effect of dexamethasone. 234 90

The infusion of either 30 micrograms/microliters (approx. 100 micrograms/kg/h) of sodium salicylate or 10 ng/microliters (10(-5) M) arginine vasopressin within the ventral septal area of the Brattleboro rat brain reduced a centrally induced prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) hyperthermia when compared with infusions of artificial cerebrospinal fluid. Conversely, the infusion of a related peptide, oxytocin (10 ng/microliters (10(-5) M), or 33 ng/kg/h) failed to alter the rise in core temperature following the PGE1 injection. These results suggest that the vasopressin receptors reported to be present in the Brattleboro rat may respond normally to exogenously administered vasopressin, thus allowing for the antipyretic action. Moreover, the antipyretic effects of sodium salicylate suggest that aspirin-like drugs may induce the release of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone which, in turn, attenuates the PGE1-evoked fever. Given recent evidence, however, which suggests that the Brattleboro rat may contain vasopressin both peripherally and within the brain, the antipyretic action of sodium salicylate may be alternatively explained through the endogenous release of vasopressin.
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PMID:The effectiveness of arginine vasopressin and sodium salicylate as antipyretics in the Brattleboro rat. 235 61

In early studies of salt transport across frog and toad skin, it was assumed that chloride movement is extracellular. However, later studies suggested that chloride movement is largely transcellular. Chloride transport across toad skin is greatly diminished in skins of salt-acclimated toads (Bufo viridis) and was correlated with the number of mitochondria-rich (m.r.) cells in the epithelium. The activated chloride conductance could be recovered upon in vitro incubation with theophylline. It was found that the short-circuit current (Isc) and the chloride conductance (Gcl) in toad skin could be separated experimentally by selective use of synthetic oxytocin (Syntocinon) or theophylline, and by substituting impermeable anions for chloride. With the use of the vibrating probe we demonstrated directly that chloride-dependent peak currents are localized only over m.r. cells, under hyperpolarized (V = -100 mV) conditions. It is concluded that the m.r. cells form the principal site for passive chloride movement across amphibian skin. This cellular pathway is regulated through a cyclic AMP-mediated process. It is suggested that the spatial separation of the sodium and chloride channels is essential to maintain the granulosum cells which are engaged in sodium transport hyperpolarized, and thus providing the driving force for the sodium entry into the cells.
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PMID:The role of mitochondria-rich cells in the chloride current conductance across toad skin. 242 66


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