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Query: UNIPROT:P01178 (oxytocin)
 15,767 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Prolonged pregnancy was rigorously defined in 180 gravid women without other complications. Patients were randomly assigned to be serially followed, either by amniocenteses or by oxytocin challenge tests (OCT's). Induction of labor, based upon only (1) a finding of meconium in the amniocentesis group or (2) a positive test in the OCT group, was nearly three times more frequent in the amniocentesis group. The incidence of meconium, which overall was 22% initially and 44% at delivery, as well as the frequencies of obstetric and perinatal complications, were similar in both management groups. Although meconium was significantly associated with abnormal labor progression, intrapartum fetal distress, and low 1 and 5 minute Apgar scores, induction of labor after discovery of meconium, when compared to nonintervention, did not improve perinatal outcome. It is concluded that a search for meconium is of little value in the management of prolonged pregnancy.
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PMID:Management of prolonged pregnancy: results of a prospective randomized trial. 45 72

Five hundred-seven passive tests (PT's) on 260 patients and 133 oxytocin challenge tests (OCT's) on 97 of these patients were reviewed. The tracings were categorized according to a proposed modified scoring system based on baseline fetal heart rate (FHR), variability, accelerations and decelerations of FHR, and fetal activity. The scoring system was compared with the usual criteria for fetal compromise currently employed in PT's and OCT's and was found to be superior in accuracy. The usefulness of antepartum FHR monitoring as evaluated throuth the scoring system is discussed. It is concluded that passive testing can largely replace the OCT.
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PMID:Clinical application of a scoring system for evaluation of antepartum fetal heart rate monitoring. 63 99

A prospective investigation of 114 pregnant women compared 54 with consistently negative oxytocin challenge tests to 60 women who did not have oxytocin challenge tests but did have fetal monitoring during labor. Despite more high risk factors in the OCT group, there were no significant differences noted in the offspring. Specifically, extensive behavioral testing during the first 12 hours of life and at 3 days of age did not show any abnormalities. Furthermore, jaundice and respiratory distress were not seen more often after oxytocin exposure. These data argue that the OCT itself is without demonstrable adverse effects on the otherwise healthy fetus.
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PMID:Clinical and neurobehavioral effects of repeated intrauterine exposure to oxytocin: a prospective study. 70 69

We carried out the Oxytocin Challenge Test (or OCT as American authors call it) by injecting 5 m.U. per minute into pregnant women who are suspect of having high fetal risk from the 34th week of pregnancy onwards. The material that we have examined is from 1,366 cases with 1,827 tests. The perinatal mortality over all was 13.17 per thousand of the cases. We have described three types of response: normal (87.44%), pre-pathological (7.77%) and pathological (6.78%). We have concluded that the test has a good prognostic value and point out the significance of the pre-pathological results, which we think have up till now not been accorded sufficient attention.
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PMID:[The antepartum oxytocin fetal assessment challenge test 1,827 case histories. Significance of "prepathological testing". "Results" (author's transl)]. 71 44

The use of continuous fetal heart rate (FHR) and uterine pressure monitoring in the chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) by external Doppler transducer and tocodynamometer is described in 1) the routine obstetrical assessment of fetal well-being, 2) oxytocin challenge (stress) testing (OCT) and non-stress testing (NST) for the diagnosis of in utero fetal distress, and 3) induction of labor by intravenous oxytocin infusion, by surgical rupture of the chorio-amniotic membranes (amniotomy), or by a combination of these techniques, as an alternative to Caesarean section for clinical, managemental, or experimental purposes. FHR traces were analyzed during a total of 57 term pregnancies for three basic characteristics: baseline rate, variability, and periodic pattern. Results indicated that continuous FHR monitoring in the chimpanzee can provide a valuable tool for fetal assessment and management of labor in any attempt to reduce the unacceptably high annual incidence of perinatal and neonatal infant mortality reported in the U.S.
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PMID:Continuous fetal heart rate monitoring and tocodynamometry in routine obstetrical care, fetal stress and non-stress testing, and labor induction in the chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes). 208 60

A method was developed for using breast stimulation to induce uterine contractions for a contraction stress test (BSCST). Six hundred fifty-seven patients made 1,484 attempts with the BSCST and were successful in 1,072 trials (72.2%). A lower success rate was observed only in gestations less than or equal to 34 weeks. The distribution of test results (positive, negative, equivocal) by BSCST was unchanged from that of contraction stress tests performed with exogenous oxytocin (oxytocin challenge test [OCT]). The incidence of false-positive tests was similar to that in previous reports. The corrected perinatal mortality rate for the study population was 1.5 per 1,000 births. The time required for an adequate uterine response was 23.8 +/- 15.2 minutes, with 87.5% of patients responding in less than 30 minutes. The BSCST appears to be a reasonable alternative to the OCT, with elimination of the intravenous line and oxytocin administration and with a shorter testing time.
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PMID:The breast-stimulated contraction stress test. 343 May 1

A prospective noncomparative study was designed to test the ability of the nonstress test (NST) and the contraction stress test or oxytocin challenge test (CST/OCT) to predict neonatal morbidity or impending mortality. Two hundred nine pregnancies tested within eight days of delivery were studied. The only two perinatal deaths occurred in association with the postmaturity syndrome, and both had a preceding reactive NST. Some patients (37.5%) with a positive CST/OCT had fetal distress in labor. Ninety-six percent of infants with distress in labor had an antecedent reactive NST. In the study, 25.8% of the patients had a major antepartum, intrapartum, or postpartum complication that was not predicted by the NST. Therefore, electronic antepartum fetal heart rate surveillance was used as only one facet of the overall patient analysis. Management of patients was based upon the combination of antepartum monitoring, real-time ultrasound evaluation of amniotic fluid, and placental morphology, as well as the clinical suspicion of increased risk (using fetal activity testing, etc).
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PMID:Antepartum fetal heart testing: a clinical appraisal. 669 Oct 17

Fetal heart rate was studied during the antepartum period in 246 patients, yielding a total of 1964 recordings. The following parameters were evaluated and correlated: --the semi-quantitative assessment of fetal heart rate instability (as expressed by the percentage of duration of flat traces); --the presence of decelerations and their relationship to the presence or absence of uterine contractions; --the neonatal condition. Overall, 50% of the patients exhibited uterine contractions while 30% contained decelerations patterns either occurring spontaneously or in association with uterine contractions. A definite relationship was observed between the presence of severe decelerations (irrespective of the time relationship with any uterine contraction) and poor neonatal outcome. A relationship does exist between the presence of severe decelerations and flattening in the recording, which, as demonstrated in the previous part of the paper also exhibited a strong positive relationship with the neonatal outcome. When one considers the different degrees of flattening, it appears that a further correlation between decelerations and neonatal state is demonstrable only in the case of a 10--50% flat recording. Here the probability of a distressed baby is 20% in the absence of decelerations, but 43.4% in the presence of decelerations. In other cases (i.e., less than a 10% or more than a 50% flat recording) the pronostic significance of the instability of the record is not significantly modified by he presence or absence of decelerations. These results indicate that consideration of decelerations is only advisable in these cases where instability is moderately affected (flattening in 10-50% of the record) and that the use of the oxytocin challenge test OCT may be reserved for such cases, when these are neither spontaneous contractions nor decelerations and not contraindications present.
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PMID:Antepartum fetal heart rate monitoring. II. Deceleration patterns. 719 15

Effects of smoking on a fetus include higher perinatal mortality rates, lower birth weight, and impaired mental and physical growth due to carbon monoxide and nicotine. Infants of smoking mothers have greater risk for uteroplacental insufficiency which can be detected by the RAD (fetal activity-acceleration determination). A study of 350 high-risk nonsmoking pregnant women and 128 smoking pregnant women showed that pre-eclampsia was significantly less in smoking women; however, there was a higher incidence of fetal nonactivity (20.8% versus 13.1% for nonsmokers). When nonreactive FAD was evaluated, and OCT (oxytocin challenge test) was performed with more positive OCT's encountered in the nonsmoking group. Cesarean sections were higher (21.9%) in smokers than nonsmokers (17.8%) and cesareans due to fetal distress were also higher in smokers (3.9%). There was a 254.1 gm mean birth weight difference for infants of smoking mothers. Sporatic progression from reactive to nonreactive FAD may be due to: 1) a mother smoking prior to an FAD which could stimulate activity; or 2) exhaustion in the morning after the fetus has been stimulated due to smoking for approximately 16 hours; therefore, depending on when the last cigarette was smoked, fetal reactivity or nonreactivity could result.
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PMID:Diminished fetal reactivity with smoking. 735 4

TT-235 is a potent oxytocin (OT) antagonist that blocks the action of OT at the receptor level. Previous studies have shown that pregnant baboons demonstrate nocturnal uterine contractions induced by OT as they near delivery. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the changes in plasma OT levels following uterine contraction blockage with TT-235. A tethered pregnant baboon model in its last trimester of pregnancy was used. Three blocks of arterial blood samples, immediately before, plus 1 h and plus 2 h following an OT antagonist injection, were collected once nocturnal uterine contractions were detected. Each block consisted of a continuous 10 min withdrawal with 10 samples per block (1 ml/min). A TT-235 dosage of 300 micrograms/kg and saline for control were utilized. Uterine activities were monitored as pressure changes in the amniotic fluid, and the frequency and mean amplitude of contractile activity per 10 min intervals were expressed as contractile force. Plasma OCT levels were determined by a radioimmunoassay following plasma extraction with petroleum ether. The contractile force was decreased by 77% (p < 0.05) within 2 h after TT-235 administration while it increased 23% following saline infusion. Plasma OT levels were unchanged following saline infusion while they increased 82% (p < 0.05) 2 h after the administration of TT-235. If a positive feedback existed between uterine contractions and OT release, one would expect plasma OT levels to be decreased with contractile activity following TT-235 infusion. Since this is not the case in the present study, the data suggest that there is either a negative feedback or an independent relationship between nocturnal uterine contractions and OT release.
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PMID:Effect of an oxytocin antagonist on plasma oxytocin levels during nocturnal uterine contractions in the pregnant baboon. 1219 88


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