Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P01178 (oxytocin)
 15,767 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The daily pretreatment of rats with oxytocin (OXY) or MIF-I prior to ethanol (Et-OH) administration markedly altered the alcohol tolerance when tested on the fifth day of treatment. OXY (800 and 2400 nmole/kg SC) and MIF (800 nmole/kg SC) inhibited the development of tolerance to the hypnotic effect of Et-OH. MIF at this dose also inhibited the tolerance to the hypothermic effect. Only OXY in the dose of 800 nmole/kg suppressed hypothermia in an acute experiment with Et-OH and produced by itself hypothermia after acute administration (2400 nmole/kg). The tolerance to this last effect developed after four days of peptide treatment. The results indicate that OXY and MIF-I can influence the processes of development of tolerance to some central depressive effects of Et-OH in rats.
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PMID:The effect of oxytocin and fragment (MIF-I) on the development of tolerance to hypothermic and hypnotic action of ethanol in the rat. 285 73

Earlier it was found that oxytocin (OXT) treatment inhibited the development of tolerance to ethanol. In the present study the possibility was investigated whether the effect of OXT on ethanol tolerance was related to peptide fragments derived from the C-terminal part of the molecule. The actions of different doses of the C-terminal tripeptide (prolyl-leucyl-glycinamide, PLG) and of a synthetic dipeptide derivative (Z-prolyl-D-leucine, Z-Pro-D-Leu) on the development of tolerance to the hypothermic effect of ethanol in CFLP mice were therefore investigated. Peptide treatment did not affect body temperature in ethanol-naive animals. The acute effects (hypothermia, sleeping time) of a single ethanol injection were also unaffected by these peptides. In contrast, both PLG and Z-Pro-D-Leu inhibited the development of tolerance to the hypothermic effect of ethanol. Accordingly, it might be speculated that a sequence active in affecting ethanol tolerance is located in the C-terminal part of the OXT molecule.
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PMID:C-terminal fragments of oxytocin (prolyl-leucyl-glycinamide and Z-prolyl-D-leucine) attenuate the development of tolerance to ethanol. 288 3

Recent studies have demonstrated the presence of immunoreactive oxytocin (OT) and vasopressin (VP), OT and VP receptors and physiological functions for these two hormones in a variety of peripheral tissues, including anterior pituitary gland. The objectives of this study were to determine if (i) OT and VP genes are expressed in rat testis and anterior pituitary gland and (ii) if osmotic stimulation known to modify the regulation of OT and VP genes in hypothalamus, would modify the expression of these genes in rat testis and anterior pituitary gland. Using oligonucleotide probes (courtesy of Drs. M. Brownstein and W. Scott Young, NIMH) corresponding to the VP gene or OT gene and specific fractions of human OT and VP genes (courtesy of Dr. J. Battey, NCI) subcloned in the pGEM-3 riboprobe system, and Northern blot and slot blot techniques, OT and VP mRNAs were found in rat testis and anterior pituitary gland. When adult male rats (SD) were either deprived of drinking water or offered 2% salt solution as a sole source of drinking fluid for 72 hrs, both OT and VP mRNA levels were increased in hypothalamus, anterior pituitary gland and testis. Our data suggest that testis and anterior pituitary gland could also be sites of synthesis of OT and VP and that the same stimulus may regulate these genes in various tissues.
Adv Alcohol Subst Abuse 1988
PMID:Regulation of vasopressin and oxytocin synthesis in anterior pituitary and peripheral tissues. 322 31

Oxytocin (OT) and arginine vasopressin (AVP) are often secreted in response to the same stimuli. The hormones are seldom assayed together, however, because of labor intensive sample preparation and the duplicate volumes required. A method has been developed for the simultaneous extraction and separation of OT and AVP from a single serum sample. The method is suited for sample preparation prior to radioimmunoassay (RIA) and reduces sample volume and processing time by 50%. Serum, supplemented with labeled and unlabeled OT and AVP, was adsorbed onto C18 (octadecasilyl-silica, ODS) Sep-Pak cartridges. After washing with phosphosaline and 3% aqueous acetone, OT was eluted with 98% aqueous acetone followed by AVP with 80% acidified (0.02 mol/L HCl) acetone. The recoveries, determined by radioactivity and RIA measurements, were 86 +/- 3% (OT) and 71 +/- 7% (AVP). Cross contamination was less than 10%. Sep-Paks extracted up to 100 pg/mL of the hormones from 10 mL of serum. The method was employed to measure OT and AVP in the pregnant ewe. Both hormones were elevated during salt-loading and dehydration and were decreased by carotid infusions of ethanol.
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PMID:Preparation of serum oxytocin and arginine vasopressin prior to radioimmunoassay: simultaneous extraction and separation on C18 Sep-Pak cartridges. 323 35

Two doses (0.3 and 3 ng peptide/animal) of oxytocin (OXT) and lysine-8-vasopressin (LVP) were earlier found to inhibit the development of tolerance to the hypothermic effect of ethanol in mice upon icv. administration. In the present paper the possible central monoaminergic correlates of the behavioral data were investigated. In tolerant animals the steady-state level of noradrenaline (NA) was increased in the hypothalamus, as was that of dopamine (DA) in the medulla oblongata; the serotonin (5-HT) and DA levels were decreased in the striatum as compared to those in the non-tolerant control. In the peptide-pretreated animals the NA level was increased in the hypothalamus, the DA level in the striatum, and the 5-HT level in the hippocampus and striatum. Opposite changes were observed in the steady-state levels of the monoamines in the hippocampus and striatum as compared to those in the tolerant controls. The data suggest that the central monoamines may be involved in mediating the actions of neurohypophyseal peptides on ethanol tolerance.
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PMID:Brain monoamines are involved in mediating the action of neurohypophyseal peptide hormones on ethanol tolerance. 342 Nov 21

In Exp. I, 0.5 mg oestradiol or vehicle (0.5 ml absolute ethanol + 0.5 ml 0.9% NaCl) was injected i.v. at 08:00 h on Day 14 (onset of oestrus = Day 0). Blood samples were obtained via a jugular catheter at 30 and 1 min before oestradiol and every 30 min for 10 h afterwards. Plasma was obtained and assayed for 15-keto-13,14-dihydro-PGF-2 alpha (PGFM) by radioimmunoassay. Before oestradiol, PGFM basal values were higher (P less than 0.01) in pregnant (N = 10) than nonpregnant (N = 6) ewes (193 +/- 30 vs 67 +/- 8 pg/ml). However, at 4-10 h after oestradiol, pregnant ewes (N = 5) had less variable (P less than 0.01) PGFM values than did nonpregnant ewes (N = 5). In Exp II, conceptus secretory proteins (CSP) were obtained by pooling medium from cultures of Day-16 sheep conceptuses (N = 40). Ewes received 750 micrograms CSP + 750 micrograms plasma protein (N = 6) or 1500 micrograms plasma protein (N = 6) per uterine horn at 08:00 h and 18:00 h on Days 12-14. All ewes received 0.5 mg oestradiol at 08:00 h on Day 14 and blood samples were collected as in Exp. I and assayed for PGFM. On Day 15, 3 ewes in each group received 10 i.u. oxytocin and 3 received saline i.v. at 08:00 h and blood samples were taken continuously from 10 min before to 60 min after treatment. Mean PGFM response to oestradiol was suppressed (P = 0.05) in CSP- vs plasma protein-treated ewes (371 +/- 129 vs 1188 +/- 139 pg/ml).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Proteins secreted by the sheep conceptus suppress induction of uterine prostaglandin F-2 alpha release by oestradiol and oxytocin. 345 55

The effect of oxytocin (OXT) and vasopressin (VP) on alcohol withdrawal was investigated. CFLP mice were treated with alternating daily injections of tert-butanol and ethanol for four days, which resulted in physical dependence on ethanol. The severity of withdrawal symptoms was assessed by picrotoxin. The lowest dose (0.02 IU) of each of the peptides precipitated tonic convulsions, while higher doses resulted in different tendencies. OXT-treated mice displayed milder withdrawal symptoms in response to increasing doses of peptide (0.2-2.0 IU). VP showed a U-shaped dose-response effect. The lowest (0.02 IU) and the highest (2.0 IU) doses increased the occurrence of withdrawal convulsions and the frequency of deaths.
Alcohol Alcohol 1987
PMID:Effects of neurohypophyseal peptide hormones on alcohol dependence and withdrawal. 359 87

Acute morphine tolerance was induced in mice by subcutaneous (s.c.) injection of a high dose (30 or 100 mg/kg) of morphine. The degree of tolerance was estimated 5 h later. Intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of graded doses of oxytocin (OXT) dose-dependently attenuated the development of tolerance. i.c.v. injection of a specific anti-OXT serum, on the other hand, facilitated the development of tolerance. Neither OXT nor anti-OXT serum had any effect on the pain sensitivity in morphine-naive mice; nor did these treatments modify the antinociceptive action of a single morphine treatment. It is concluded that the endogenous OXT of the mouse brain is normally involved in the adaptive response of the organism, leading to the development of morphine tolerance.
Drug Alcohol Depend 1986 Jul
PMID:Development of morphine tolerance under tonic control of brain oxytocin. 375 72

The effects of graded doses of a substituted tripeptide analogue of the C-terminal part of oxytocin, D-Pip-Leu-GlyNH2 (DPLG), were investigated on the development of tolerance to the hypothermic effect of and dependence on alcohol in mice. Ethanol injection (4 g/kg i.p.) repeated on 3 consecutive days led to the development of tolerance in control and peptide-treated (0.005 microgram/mouse) animals. In the latter group, however, the level of tolerance was lower than in the control animals. The higher doses (0.05-5.0 micrograms/mouse) inhibited the development of tolerance. Repeated peptide administrations (5, 25, 125 micrograms/animal) did not affect the development of the dependence on alcohol which resulted from combined daily injections of tert-butanol (1.5 g/kg i.p.) and ethanol (3 g/kg i.p.). The severity of withdrawal was quantified via the convulsions induced with different doses of picrotoxin. When the peptide was injected only before the testing of withdrawal, DPLG markedly prolonged the onset of withdrawal signs.
Alcohol Drug Res 1987
PMID:D-pipecolyl-leucyl-glycinamide, a substituted tripeptide analogue of the C-terminal part of oxytocin, influences tolerance to and dependence on ethanol in mice. 377 81

Mice were made tolerant to the hypothermic effect of ethanol by repeated administration of ethanol (4 g/kg, 25% v/v, IP) on three consecutive days. The colonic temperature was measured in individually-housed animals immediately before and 45 min after ethanol treatment. Peptide treatments with various schedules were made SC 2 hr before the first ethanol challenge. The decrease in hypothermic response was accepted as a tolerance phenomenon, which developed in control animals by day 2. A single injection of oxytocin (OXT) or lysine vasopressin (LVP [0.1 or 1 IU peptide] animal) before the first ethanol injection did not change the initial sensitivity to ethanol. This absence of acute interactions is also reflected in the sleep onset and sleep duration after 5 g/kg ethanol (IP). In contrast, both OXT and LVP affected the development of tolerance. Repeated treatments with graded doses of OXT (0.5-2 IU) or LVP (0.25-1 IU) every day for 3 days blocked the development of tolerance. 0.002 IU LVP facilitated the development of hypothermic tolerance. The remaining doses of the peptides were ineffective. A high dose of LVP (1 IU) facilitated hypothermic tolerance if the peptide was injected when tolerance to ethanol had developed fully without previous peptide treatment. OXT, on the other hand, was ineffective in this particular experimental model. The data suggest that both neurohypophyseal hormones (LVP and OXT) block the early developmental phase of tolerance to ethanol. On the other hand, LVP facilitated the expression of tolerance if the peptide was given to mice with fully developed tolerance.
Alcohol
PMID:The effects of neurohypophyseal hormones on tolerance to the hypothermic effect of ethanol. 402 81


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