Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: UNIPROT:P01178 (oxytocin)
15,767 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A group of 89 individuals with essential hypertension was evaluated with several measurements including the neurophysin believed to be the human oxytocin neurophysin (OT-Np), and the human vasopressin neurophysin (VP-Np). The neurophysins are proteins synthesized within cells of the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei in conjunction with their respective hormones oxytocin and vasopressin as part of a common precursor molecule and so may reflect the simultaneous presence in plasma of their associated hormones. A poor but statistically significant correlation was noted between levels of OT-Np and renin activity in plasma (PRA) either supine (r = 0.248) or erect (r = 0.255). Levels of OT-Np averaged 1.75 ng/ml and were inversely correlated with creatinine (r = -0.252), supine blood pressure (r = -0.450), plasma volume (r = -0.327), and 24-hour urine sodium (r = -0.313). Levels of Ot-Np could be suppressed by infusion of physiologic saline. Levels of OT-Np were lower in the volume expanded state and were positively correlated with the quantity of sodium excreted into a 24-hour urine collected after the infusion (r = 0.426) and inversely correlated with the supine systolic (r = -0.379) and supine diastolic (r = -0.455) blood pressures recorded after the infusion of saline. Oestrogen, a stimulus to the secretion of OT-Np, did not account for the elevation of OT-Np observed in the study, since mean levels of oestradiol (E2) in a subset of the patients with elevated OT-Np (E2 = 36 pg/ml) were not different from levels in subjects with lower values of OT-Np (E2 = 45 pg/ml).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Levels of the oxytocin-associated and vasopressin-associated neurophysins in plasma and their responses in essential hypertension. 637 63

Intravenous infusion of oxytocin (OT) (10-100 nmol/kg/30 min) to 8-week-old anesthetized male rats resulted in a dose-dependent increase in urine volume, which showed a peak value 30-45 min after the start of OT-infusion. Urinary excretions of sodium, chloride and potassium were also increased by OT, showing peak values at 30-45 min, without any increase in the creatinine level. The natriuresis by OT was accompanied by increased excretion of urinary active kallikrein, which showed a peak value 15 min after the start of OT-infusion. The urinary kinin level was also increased. Intravenous infusion of a kallikrein inhibitor, aprotinin (15 mg/kg/90 min), when started 30 min before the OT-infusion, significantly inhibited the OT-induced increase in urine volume and urinary excretion of sodium, chloride and potassium. Intravenous infusion of a bradykinin B2 antagonist, Hoe 140 (D-Arg[Hyp3,Thi5,D-Tic7,Oic8]BK, 4.5 mg/kg/90 min), when started 30 min before the OT-infusion, significantly inhibited the OT-induced increases in urine volume and urinary excretion of sodium and chloride, but not that of potassium. These results indicate that the OT-infusion induces natriuresis in male rats, and more than half of the natriuresis is mediated by a concomitant increase in excretion of urinary active kallikrein and the kinin generated.
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PMID:Oxytocin-induced natriuresis mediated by the renal kallikrein-kinin system in anesthetized male rats. 763 42

Hyponatremia has been observed in elderly patients treated with the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) fluoxetine. The pathogenesis of this effect is not known, but enhanced release of vasopressin (VP) and its renal actions may be a possible mechanism. Excess secretion of VP in combination with large fluid intake is known to induce hyponatremia. We determine if chronic fluoxetine administration in association with liberal fluid intake will induce hyponatremia via enhanced release of VP. We used a previously described model in which fluid intake is forced by administering rats a nutritionally balanced liquid diet. Male Sprague-Dawley rats in groups of 10 were randomized to solid and liquid diets, and each diet group administered daily i.p. injections of fluoxetine (10 mg/kg) or saline for 10 d. Water was given ad libitum to all groups. Daily weight, fluid and food intake, and urine output were measured. On d 10, rats were killed by rapid guillotine decapitation 1-3 h after injection. Trunk blood was collected for measurements of plasma VP and oxytocin (OT) and serum sodium (Na), BUN, creatinine, and glucose. Pituitary glands were assayed for VP and OT content. VP mRNA in the paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei (PVN and SON) and corticotrophin-releasing factor (CRF) mRNA in the PVN were measured by in situ hybridization histochemistry. Fluid intake was significantly higher in groups maintained on liquid vs solid diet (p < 0.0001), as was urine output (p < 0.0001). Fluoxetine-treated rats gained significantly less weight than placebo-treated rats (p = 0.01), in keeping with fluoxetine's anorexigenic properties. However, no significant differences were found among the groups in Na, plasma VP or OT, pituitary VP or OT, or PVN CRF or VP mRNA levels. We conclude that administration of fluoxetine to laboratory rats in the dose and duration used in this study does not significantly affect hypothalamic expression, pituitary stores, or peripheral secretion of VP.
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PMID:Vasopressin, oxytocin, corticotrophin-releasing factor, and sodium responses during fluoxetine administration in the rat. 966 40

The regulation of aquaporin-2 (AQP2) water channel excretion in the collecting duct depends mainly on the action of vasopressin (AVP). Recently, however, other regulatory factors have been identified: atrial natriuretic factor, oxytocin and prostaglandins. In healthy volunteers (5 males, 5 females; mean age 23 +/- 3 years) we therefore evaluated the effect of a stable analogue of prostacyclin-2 (PGI(2)), iloprost, on renal function and on the urinary excretion of AQP2 (U-AQP2). After 6 h of iloprost infusion, U-AQP2 increased from 0.8 +/- 0.15 to 1.8 +/- 0.2 pmol/mg creatinine (p < 0.001), while the urinary flow rate increased from 1.4 +/- 0.2 to 1.8 +/- 4 (p < 0.01). No significant change was found in the AVP serum concentration, with a basal value of 3.17 +/- 0.12 vs. 3.15 +/- 0.12 pg/ml after 6 h of prostacyclin infusion. All the values returned to pre-study levels after a recovery period of 6 h. In conclusion, the PGI(2) analogue, iloprost, can induce U-AQP2 excretion independent of AVP.
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PMID:Effect of a prostacyclin analogue, iloprost, on urinary aquaporin-2 excretion in humans. 1205 53

Comparison was made on conscious trained dogs of the effect of highly purified arginine vasopressin and lysine vasopressin on the rate of urine flow, the excretion rate of Na and K and the renal clearances of creatinine and diodone, and of the actions of the vasopressins when administered together with oxytocin. The vasopressins were used in doses causing a maximal antidiuresis.The results showed, first, that the antidiuretic potency of arginine vasopressin was greater than that of lysine vasopressin and that its action lasted longer; second, that during water diuresis arginine vasopressin increased only Na excretion while lysine vasopressin increased both Na and K excretion; third, that arginine vasopressin had a potency about 5 to 6 times that of lysine vasopressin in antagonizing the augmentor effect of oxytocin on glomerular filtration rate and renal plasma flow.
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PMID:A comparison of some activities of arginine vasopressin and lysine vasopressin on kidney function in conscious dogs. 1353 76

A reversed diurnal excretory rhythm of water, creatinine and electrolytes was observed in a woman with fluid retention that first appeared following a head injury 21 years previously. Synthetic oxytocin injections were given on the premise that she had a selective deficiency of oxytocin with normal vasopressin production. This treatment produced a diuresis and restored a normal excretory rhythm of water, creatinine and electrolytes. Inulin and PAH clearance studies showed that oxytocin increased the daytime glomerular filtration rate. These results suggest the possibility that oxytocin has an additional non-obstetrical physiologic function, viz. the regulation of the normal diurnal rhythm of glomerular filtration rate.
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PMID:Diuretic effect of oxytocin in a patient with reversed diurnal rhythm of water and electrolyte excretion. 1389 Nov 57

The alarming increase in childhood, adolescent and adult obesity has exposed the need for understanding early factors affecting obesity and for treatments that may help prevent or moderate its development. In the present study, we used the OLETF rat model of early-onset hyperphagia induced obesity, which become obese as a result of the absence of CCK(1) receptors, to examine the influence of partial food restriction on peripheral adiposity-related parameters during and after chronic and early short-term food restriction. Pair feeding (to the amount of food eaten by control, LETO rats) took place from weaning until postnatal day (PND) 45 (early) or from weaning until PND90 (chronic). We examined fat pad weight (brown, retroperitoneal, inguinal and epididymal); inguinal adipocyte size and number; and plasma leptin, oxytocin and creatinine levels. We also examined body weight, feeding efficiency and spontaneous intake after release from food-restriction. The results showed that chronic food restriction produced significant reductions in adiposity parameters, hormones and body weight, while early food restriction successfully reduced long-term body weight, intake and adiposity, without affecting plasma measurements. Early (and chronic) dieting produced promising long-term effects that may imply the reorganization of both peripheral and central mechanisms that determine energy balance and further support the theory suggesting that early interventions may effectively moderate obesity, even in the presence of a genetic tendency.
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PMID:Attenuation of obesity by early-life food restriction in genetically hyperphagic male OLETF rats: peripheral mechanisms. 2015 41

Obesity and the metabolic syndrome represent serious health threats affecting increasing numbers of individuals, with females being more affected than males and with growing incidence among children and adolescents. In the present study, we used the OLETF rat model of early-onset obesity to examine the influence of different timing of food restriction on long-term obesity levels in females. Food restriction took place at different time windows: from weaning until postnatal day (PND) 45 (early); from weaning until PND90 (chronic); or from PND45 until PND70 (late). Follow-up continued until PND90. During and after the termination of the diet-restriction period, we focused on peripheral adiposity-related measures such as fat pad weight (brown, retroperitoneal and inguinal); inguinal adipocyte size and number; and leptin, oxytocin and glucose levels. We also examined body weight, feeding efficiency, spontaneous intake after release from diet-restriction, and plasma creatinine levels and estrous cycle characteristics as a result of the chronic diet. The results suggest that while food restriction produced significant weight and adiposity loss, OLETF females presented poor weight loss retention after the early and late short-term diets. The estrous cycle structure and time of first estrous of the OLETF rats were normalized by chronic food restriction. Females responded to early food restriction in a different manner than males did in previous studies, further emphasizing the importance of sex-appropriate approaches in the investigation and treatment of the pathologies related to obesity and the metabolic syndrome.
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PMID:Long-term obesity levels in female OLETF rats following time-specific post-weaning food restriction. 2073 13

Recent advances in non-invasively collected samples have opened up new and exciting opportunities for wildlife research. Different types of samples, however, involve different limitations and certain physiological markers (e.g., C-peptide, oxytocin) can only be reliably measured from urine. Common collection methods for urine to date work best for arboreal animals and large volumes of urine. Sufficient recovery of urine is thus still difficult for wildlife biologists, particularly for terrestrial and small bodied animals. We tested three collection devices (two commercially available saliva swabs, Salivette synthetic and cotton, and cotton First aid swabs) against a control to permit the collection of small volumes of urine from the ground. We collected urine samples from captive and wild macaques, and humans, measured volume recovery, and analyzed concentrates of selected physiological markers (creatinine, C-peptide, and neopterin). The Salivette synthetic device was superior to the two alternative devices. Concentrations of creatinine, absolute C-peptide, C-peptide per creatinine, absolute neopterin, and neopterin per creatinine measured in samples collected with this device did not differ significantly from the control and were also strongly correlated to it. Fluid recovery was also best for this device. The least suitable device is the First aid collection device; we found that while absolute C-peptide and C-peptide per creatinine concentrations did not differ significantly from the control, creatinine concentrations were significantly lower than the control. In addition, these concentrations were either not or weakly correlated to the control. The Salivette cotton device provided intermediate results, although these concentrations were strongly correlated to the control. Salivette synthetic swabs seem to be useful devices for the collection of small amounts of urine from the ground destined for the assessment of physiological parameters. They thus provide new opportunities for field studies to incorporate physiological markers, particularly on smaller bodied and terrestrial animals and where urine collection is difficult.
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PMID:Validation of a Novel Collection Device for Non-Invasive Urine Sampling from Free-Ranging Animals. 2653 24

Guizhi Fuling capsule (GFC), developed from the traditional Chinese prescription of Guizhi Fuling Wan, has been commonly used for the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea (PD). However, the intervention effective mechanism in vivo has not been well elucidated. In this study, an integrated plasma metabonomic strategy based on RP-UPLC-MS coupled with HILIC-UPLC-MS technique has been developed to investigate the global therapeutic effects and intervention mechanisms of GFC on dysmenorrhea rats induced by oxytocin. The 20 potential biomarkers were identified and primarily related to sphingolipid metabolism, steroid hormone biosynthesis, glycerophospholipid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, lipid metabolism and energy metabolism. The results showed that the GFC has therapeutic effects on rats with dysmenorrhea via the regulation of multiple metabolic pathways. Some new potential biomarkers associated with primary dysmenorrhea such as phenylalanine, tryptophan, taurine, carnitine, betaine, creatine and creatinine have been discovered in this study for the first time. This study provides a metabonomic platform based on RP-UPLC-MS complementary to HILIC-UPLC-MS technique to investigate both nonpolar and polar compounds, so as to get a more comprehensive metabolite information to yield insight into the pathophysiology of PD and assessing the efficacy of GFC on PD rats.
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PMID:Intergrated metabonomic study of the effects of Guizhi Fuling capsule intervention on primary dysmenorrheal using RP-UPLC-MS complementary with HILIC-UPLC-MS technique. 2890 7


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