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Query: UNIPROT:P01178 (oxytocin)
 15,767 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Oxytocin and PGE2 (prostaglandin D 2) were administered to 2 groups of 20 women, 40 weeks pregnant, in order to induce labor. Labor duration was significantly shorter in the PGE2 group (2 hrs., 36 mins.) than among the oxytocin group (3 hrs., 26 mins.). The peak uterine pressure for PGE2 patients was significantly lower; the baseline uterine pressure was significantly greater, indicating more even labor contractions. There was a highly significant correlation between the interval from administration to the initial contraction and the total labor duration (p .005) and between the interval from administration to the beginning of regular contractions and the total labor duration (p .01) among the PGE2 patients. There was also a highly significant correlation (p .01) between the dosage/kg until the initial contraction and the total pregnancy duration and between the dosage/kg until the beginning of regular contractions and the total pregnancy duration for PGE2 patients. PGE2 patients showed a significantly faster cervical dilation (.05 p .1) and a significantly shorter interval between dilatation and delivery (p .05). PGE patients also showed a significantly shorter interval between the initial contractions and delivery and between the beginning of regular contractions and delivery. Also, a significant correlation between cervical dilatation and delivery was demonstrated among PGE2 patients. A significant correlation between cervical dilatation and the beginning of contractions was established only for oxytocin patients.
Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 1976 Sep
PMID:[Comparison of labour induction with intravenous prostaglandin E2 and intravenous oxytocin (author's transl)]. 97 23

The effects of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and oxytocin on the electrical activity of rat myometrium at various stages of gestation and following hormonal treatment have been investigated. 1. PGE2 and oxytocin produce an excitation of the myometrial membrane under all experimental conditions. The sensitivity of the myometrium markedly increases during the last stage of gestation, and at parturition is more than one thousand times greater than in the mid-pregnant rat. The sensitivity of the myometrium to oxytocin increases rapidly during the last stage of gestation but to PGE2 the increase is gradual, beginning in the late middle stage of gestation. 2. During the early middle stage of gestation, the sensitivity of the myometrium to PGE2 and oxytocin is lower than in the non-pregnant myometrium. 3. After oestradiol treatment, the sensitivity to PGE2 and oxytocin increases but the sensitivity is much weaker than that during the parturition. On the other hand, after progesterone treatment, the sensitivity is reduced below that of the castrated rat. 4. Differences in the sensitivity of progesterone-treated and oestradiol-treated myometria to PGE2 and oxytocin are compared to those of the pregnant and post-partum myometrium. The results show that the sensitivity of the myometrium to PGE2 and oxytocin during the early and early-middle stages of gestation can be simulated by progesterone treatment, but that the sensitivity during the last stage of gestation and during parturition cannot be simulated by oestradiol and progesterone treatment.
J Physiol 1976 Sep
PMID:Effects of prostaglandin E2 and oxytocin on the electrical activity of hormone-treated and pregnant rat myometria. 97 27

1. The time course of changes in specific activities of citrate, lactose and fatty acids in milk during frequent milking, following the I.V. administration of labelled glucose, acetate and chylomicrons in goats has been studied. Peak specific activities of lactose and citrate in milk were reached at 2-3 hr, while peak specific activites of fatty acids were reached at 5-7 hr. 2. Following short I.A. infusions of 24Na, 36Cl, and 42K, peak specific activities in milk were reached in 1 hr or less. 3. The mammary epithelium of lactating goats was found to be virtually impermeable to labelled citrate in both directions. 4. Labelled citrate had an apparent volume of distribution in lactating guinea-pigs mammary slices in vitro similar to that of extracellular space markers. 5. Treatment of goats with large doses of oxytocin markedly increased the permeability of the secretory epithelium to labelled citrate. 6. In the goat mammary gland, citrate, protein and calcium failed to enter milk which had been diluted with isosmotic lactose by intraductal injection, whereas Na, K and Cl did enter, thus tending to restore the concentrations of these ions to normal. 7. It is suggested that citrate, which is formed within the sucretory cell, enters milk not by passage across the apical cell membrane but, in common with lactose and milk protein, by exocytosis of Golgi vesicles. It appears that citrate is held at high concentrations in milk by virtue of the impermeability of the mammary epithelium to the forms in which it occurs in milk.
J Physiol 1976 Sep
PMID:The secretion of citrate into milk. 97 74

Recent data on various environmental stressors and blood hormone patterns are presented for lactating cattle. Known stressor effects of such factors as environmental temperature, air pollution, and noise on the plasma thyroxine, growth hormone, cortisol, prolactin, progesterone, luteinzing hormone, epinephrine, and norepinephrine of lactating cattle are discussed. Information on stressor effects is lacking on glucagon, insulin, vasopressin, calcitonin, oxytocin, thyrotrophic hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, melatonin, parathyroid hormone, and estrogens in the lactating cow. The importance of evaluating both the effect of environmental stressor and of production or lactation intensity is emphasized in the overall interpretation of changes in hormone of plasma. The short and long term environmental heat effects on thyroxine, cortisol, and growth hormone are clear with initial increased due to acute stressors and a decline of amounts in plasma after prolonged exposure to stressors. The relationship of amounts in plasma of these hormones to milk production appears to be related directly for cortisol, growth hormone, and prolactin with an inverse relationship with thyroxine. Epinephrine and norepinephrine seem to be elevated with prolonged environmental heat stress. However, the influence of intensity of lactation has not been measured. Hormones in plasma as they relate to stressor effects and milk production are important as potential indicators of the physiological state of a cow and reflect the physiological compensations a cow undergoes at various lactation intensities and/or stress exposure.
J Dairy Sci 1976 Sep
PMID:Effects of environmental and other stressors on blood hormone patterns in lactating animals. 98 81

1. The rat hypothalamus (containing the supra-optic nuclei, paraventricular nuclei, median eminence and proximal pituitary stalk) has been incubated in vitro and shown to be capable of releasing the neurohypophysial hormones, oxytocin and arginine vasopressin, at a steady basal rate about one twentieth that of the rat neural lobe superfused in vitro. 2. The hypothalamus and neural lobe in vitro released both hormones in a similar arginine vasopressin/oxytocin ratio of about 1-2:1. However, when release was expressed relative to tissue hormone content, the hypothalamus was shown to release about three times as much arginine vasopressin and six times as much oxytocin as the neural lobe. 3. Dopamine in a concentration range of 10(-3)-10(-9)M caused graded increases in hormone release from the hypothalamus in vitro to a maximum fivefold increase over preceding basal levels. The demonstration that apomorphine also stimulated hormone release whereas noradrenaline was relatively ineffective suggested that a specific dopamine receptor was involved. A separate cholinergic component in the release process was indicated by the finding that acetylcholine stimulated release to a maximum fivefold increase in concentrations of 10(-3)-10(-9)M. 4. The fact that the isolated hypothalamus can be stimulated by dopamine and acetylcholine to release increased amount of oxytocin and arginine vasopressin raises the question of the origin and fate of the hormones released in this way. The possibility that they could be released into the hypophysial portal circulation from median eminence to affect the anterior lobe of the pituitary is discussed. 5. In similar doses, both dopamine and noradrenaline injected into the lateral cerebral ventricles of the brain of the anaesthetized, hydrated, lactating rat caused the release of arginine vasopressin and oxytocin. Apomorphine release both hormones but at a higher dose level and to less effect than the catecholamines. 6. The hormone release induced in vivo by dopamine could be prevented by the prior administration of haloperidol or phentolamine and these antagonists were equally effective in blocking the hormone release due to noradrenaline. The involvement of a specific dopamine receptor was more clearly implicated by the use of pimozide which completely inhibited the hormone release due to dopamine and apomorphine but not that due to noradrenaline. 7. It is suggested that the release of neurohypophysial hormones can be stimulated via a dopaminergic nervous pathway in addition to a cholinergic one. The possibility that the osmoreceptor mechanism for the release of antidiuretic hormone from the neural lobe of the pituitary may involve such a dopaminergic pathway is discussed.
J Physiol 1976 Sep
PMID:The effect of dopamine on neurohypophysial hormone release in vivo and from the rat neural lobe and hypothalamus in vitro. 98 83

Injection of posterior pituitary powder induces an intense mitotic stimulation in the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal gland of young rats. This effect is much more pronounced in females than in males. It is maximal at two days treatment. Longer periods result in a hypertrophied zona glomerulosa and lower mitotic activity. A search for the hormone responsible for the stimulation shows that vasopressin, and to a lesser extent oxytocin, are mitogenic. ACTH, alpha-MSH, beta-MSH and the pineal hormones have no effect. Renin (but not angiotensin) induces a significant stimulation. It is concluded that vasopressin exerts a potent influence on the glomerulosa. This is in contrast with the prevalent view that the glomerulosa is little affected by the hypophysis.
Cell Tissue Res 1976 Sep 06
PMID:Adrenal glomerulosa mitotic stimulation by posterior pituitary hormones. 99 Dec 6

We have studied placental morphometry after delivery in 23 cases in which the oxytocin challenge test was carried out towards the end of the pregnancy. Thus we have been able to compare the results of the two and establish details of placental measurement that have the greatest influence on its function. The following parameters seem to have the most direct influence, by statistical relationship, with placental insufficiency: the total surface of the villi, the concentration of villi per unit sectioned, the surface of fetal capillaries and the mean diameter of these capillaries. On the other hand the mean diameter of the villi and the number of capillaries per villus do not seem to have any relationship to function. These results bring further proof to our old ideas as to the value of placental morphometry and confirm the value of the oxytocin challenge test.
J Gynecol Obstet Biol Reprod (Paris) 1976 Sep
PMID:[Relations between the oxytocin test and morphometry of the placenta]. 102 57

Large Gomori-positive cells were observed in rat thymus after hormonal induction (e. g. after treatment with oxytocin or hydrocortisone). In contrast to some findings by others, no evidence on endocrine function of these cells was found and they were identified as macrophages containing, in their cytoplasm, great amount of phagocytized material.
Endocrinol Exp 1975 Sep
PMID:Gomori-positive cells in rat thymus: Lack of evidence on endocrine function. 108 Oct 47

Neurophysiological, neurochemical and behavioral studies of the effects of ethanol on the nervous system have so far failed to identify specific, direct, primary mechnisms of action that may account for the typical pattern of alcohol intoxication in vivo. Electroencephalogram and evoked response studies indicate biphasic effects in the intact subject, which may correlate better with the level of arousal than with a specific drug action. Effects on spinal reflexes are also biphasic, probably representing the net result of direct influence on resting membrane potential, primary afferent depolarization, and neurotransmitter release. With the exception of its inhibitory effect on release of oxytocin, vasopressin and possibly other hypothalamic peptides, ethanol does not appear notably different in its spectrum of effects from a wide range of other hypnotics, anesthetics and minor tranquilizers. Interpretation of the findings is complicated by the fact that functional alteration of any given neuronal system by ethanol in vivo may reflect a) direct local action of ethanol on the cells under study, b) change in the input to those cells because of an action elsewhere in the nervous system, c) effects of ethanol metabolites, or d) indirect consequences of decreased blood flow, oxygen or metabolite supply, hormonal action, or hypothermia, due to disturbances of homeostasis in the whole body as a result of deep intoxication. To date, attempts to circmvent b, c and d by the study of brain tissue in vitro have shown consistent effects of ethanol only at concentrations well above those that are meaningful in vivo. Relatively specific patterns of action of different drugs in vivo may prove to be largely dependent on their customary rates and routes of administration, and on summation of minor differences in the dose-response curves with different types of neuron, even though the basic types of molecular action may be essentially similar.
Fed Proc 1975 Sep
PMID:Direct effects of ethanol on the nervous system. 109 39

A double blind trial of prostaglandin E2 and oxytocin given by intravenous infusion after amniotomy for induction of labour in 100 primigravidae with unfavourable induction features is reported. No clear-cut advantage of either drug emerged although PGE2 was perhaps superior when the cervix was highly unfavourable. Prostaglandin E2 appeared to produce less deleterious effects on the fetus but was associated with a higher incidence of maternal side effects. The automatic Cardiff Infusion apparatus was found to be a safe means of PGE2 infusion and to have advantages over the use of non-automatic techniques both for PGE2 and for oxytocin infusion.
Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1975 Sep
PMID:Comparison of intravenous oxytocin and prostaglandin E2 for induction of labour using automatic and non-automatic infusion techniques. 110 43


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