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Query: UNIPROT:P01178 (oxytocin)
 15,767 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Intraamniotic urea and prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2a) combinations for midtrimester abortion were compared in the following series: 8 multiparas given 80 gm urea in 135 ml 5% dextrose and 5 mg PGF2a, 8 multiparas given urea only, 150 nulliparas and multiparas given urea and 5 mg PGF2a, and 180 given urea and 10 mg PGF2a. In the 2 small series, there was 1 failure in the urea group. Mean abortion times were 28.8 hours after urea, 18.3 hours after urea and 5 mg PGF2a, and 16.3 and 17.5 hours in the 2 large series given urea and 10 and 5 mg PGF2a, respectively. Urea caused loss of fetal heart tones within 2 hours, had a half-life in amniotic fluid of 3 hours, caused a low frequency of late emesis, and resulted in short-lived burning or warm sensation in 1 case of accidental intravascular injection. Oxytocin infusions were used frequently for failure to abort within 24 hours, or lack of uterine contractions after membrane rupture or incomplete abortion. PGF2a accelerated uterine tone, frequency, and integrated uterine pressure over the values measured in subjects given urea only.
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PMID:Intra-amniotic urea and prostaglandin F2alpha for midtrimester abortion: clinical and laboratory evaluation. 7 92

The oxytocin analogue, 2-nitro-5-azidobenzoylglycyloxytocin (NAB-Gly-oxytocin), has been synthesized and purified. The analogue is a full agonist for the stimulation of osmotic water flow in the toad urinary bladder (one-half maximal activity at 3.2 X 10(-6)M). It also enhances [14C]urea permeability in this tissue. Repetitive photolysis in the presence of NAB-Gly-oxytocin (8 X 10(-6)M) results in a progressive permanent inhibition of oxytocin stimulated urea permeability but does not alter hormone induced 3H2O movement. The inhibition is dependent on the photogeneration of the aryl nitrene intermediate and is relieved by protecting the hormone receptor with excess oxytocin (10(-6)M) during the photolysis. These results suggest that the photodependent permanent inhibition of the response to oxytocin in the toad bladder is due to covalent incorporation of the photoaffinity label, NAB-Gly-oxytocin, into the hormone receptor.
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PMID:Synthesis and characterization of 2-nitro-5-aziodobenzoylglycyloxytocin, an oxytocin photoaffinity label. 20 76

A laminaria tent was used as an adjunct during midtrimester abortion to attempt to shorten the injection-abortion interval without adversely affecting the frequency of infection, hemorrhage, failed abortion, or cervical laceration. Eighty patients, between 14 and 20 weeks' gestation and desiring pregnancy termination, were randomized into three groups. Abortion was initiated by an intra-amniotic infusion of 20 mg of prostaglandin F2alpha and 80 gm of hyperosmolar urea in Ringer's lactate (135 ml total volume), followed by oxytocin infused intravenously at 333 mU/min. Group I (N = 28) received no additional therapy; Group II (N = 23) had laminaria placed at the time of the abortifacient injection and removed 4 hours later; Group III (N = 29) had laminaria placed 4 hours prior to inejction and removed at the time of injection. The injection-abortion intervals in these three groups were 17.76, 20.80, and 12.96 hours, respectively. This study illustrates that a laminaria tent palced 4 hours prior to injection is significantly more effective than a laminaria tent placed at the time of injection, and produces a shorter mean injection-abortion interval than that in patients receiving no laminaria. Furthermore, laminaria augmentation results in no demonstrable increase in the frequency of serious complications.
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PMID:Laminaria use in midtrimester abortions induced by intra-amniotic prostaglandin F2alpha with urea and intravenous oxytocin. 45 59

An antiserum to 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-prostaglandin F2alpha (PGF2alphaM) was prepared and a radioimmunoassay evaluated in various reproductive states. PGF2alphaM plasma concentration was 63.6 +/- 10.3 pg/ml (mean +/- SEM) in cycling women. The concentration fluctuated throughout the menstrual cycle and pregnancy, but no discernible patterns were noted. PGF2alphaM concentrations were elevated at the time of urea + oxytocin induced abortion (238 +/- 54 pg/ml) and during late stages of normal labor (352 +/- 107 pg/ml) but were not elevated during labor prior to 7 cm dilatation. Following intra-amniotic instillation of 5 mg of PGF2alpha tromethamine into the amniotic sac, PGF2alphaM concentration increased in the amniotic fluid. In the plasma of these patients there was an eighteenfold rise in plasma PGF2alphaM concentration compared to a 3.5-fold rise in PGF2alpha at 1 hour, suggesting changes in PGF2alphaM may be more easily detected than the parent compound. While PGF2alphaM may be a useful index of PGF2alpha production, it appears that PGF2alphaM is of little value in predicting the occurrence of uterine contraction.
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PMID:13, 14-dihydro-15-keto-prostaglandin F2alpha concentrations in human plasma and amniotic fluid. 45 60

Medicaments are used to prepare for instrument abortions in the 1st trimester and as inducers of abortion in the 2nd trimester. The effects, side effects, and dangers depend on the substances used and the route of application, which can be vaginal, cervical, injection, instillation, extraamniotic, intraamniotic, intravenous, or intramuscular. In the past, intraamniotic instillation of a 20% salt solution was the most common 2nd trimester method in Japan, the US, and Eastern Europe, giving a success rate of 90%. Serious side effects prompted substitution of extraamniotic instillation, which rarely produces serious side effects. Instillation of a 60% urea solution into the amniotic fluid in combination with oxytocin or prostaglandin produces an abortion in 13-21 hours, with a failure rate of 3% and a frequency of cervical laceration of under 1%. Extraamniotic use of a .1% solution of rivanol yields a success rate of about 85%, with a relatively long average time to explusion of 24-41 hours. In case of failure the procedure can be repeated. The advantage of the Rivanol method is the rarity of infectious complications. Alcohol is not used as a human abortifacient because it produces necrosis in the decidua and placenta. Prostaglandins are used in most 2nd trimester abortions. Research is underway to identify derivatives that will have an extended uterine impact without serious side effects. Different routes of administration have different effectiveness rates and dangers. All prostaglandins cause side effects including pain during uterine contractions, gastro-intestinal reactions, nausea, vomiting, fever, and headaches. Specific preparations are associated with other effects, some of them life-threatening. Emergency treatment should be available when these substances are used. Adjuvant measures may be employed before adminstration of an abortifacient agent to soften the cervix, or after administration to hasten the procedure. The choice of procedure depends upon the personality, health, and other characteristics of the woman and the experience of the doctor and the clinic.
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PMID:[Chemical methods of abortion]. 48 68

The use of intraamniotic instillation of hypertonic saline with/without oxytocin in midtrimester abortion can sometimes lead to a fatal complication in the form of intravascular coagulopathy. Intraamniotic urea is used for the same purpose and has a similar mode of action. It decreases the circulating progesterone level and increases prostaglandin release. It can also cause fetal death. One of its major advantages is the lack of significant complications with inadvertent intravenous infusion of urea. 70 cases of midtrimester pregnancies were terminated by injection of 200 ml of urea (40%) intraamniotically between the period 8/77 to 8/78. The patients ranged in age from 20 to 35 years. No relationship was found between the induction-abortion interval and gestation period. Success rate was 88.7%; there were 8 failures. Average induction-abortion interval was 30.7 hours, with maximum abortions occurring between 24-48 hours. There were no major complications. Urea is also used intravenously in sickle cell crisis and neurosurgical procedures.
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PMID:Use of intra-amniotic urea as a second trimester abortifacient. 52 68

Intra-amniotic hyperosmolar urea (59.7 per cent) augmented by intravenous oxytocin (332 millimicron per minute), prostaglandin F2alpha (20 mg.), prostaglandin F2alpha (10 mg.), or prostaglandin F2alpha (5 mg.) was utilized for 1,913 patients requesting elective midtrimester abortion. Injection-abortion intervals ranging from 13.70 to 21.49 hours were achieved with failure rates of 0.7 to 6.7 per cent. Despite frequent pre-existing medical conditions, the complication rate compared favorably with those of other methods for terminating midtrimester pregnancy such as saline amnioinfusion or dilatation and evacuation.
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PMID:Hyperosmolar urea for elective midtrimester abortion. Experience in 1,913 cases. 64 73

The purpose of this study was to determine a method of amnioinfusion which would 1) keep the instillation to abortion time (IAT) within 12 hours; 2) eliminate, as far as possible, the risk of coagulaopathy and electrolyte imbalance; 3) avoid delivery of liveborn fetuses; 4) reduce gastrointestinal side effects from prostaglandin. 89 midtrimester abortion applicants, divided into 3 groups, had laminaria inserted the afternoon prior to admission. 3 types of infusion were given: 40 mg PGF2 alpha, urea, and a combination of urea solution and 20 mg PGF2 alpha. Upon completion of the infusion the laminaria was removed. 1 hour later oxytocin was administered to all patients; the purpose of the delay was to allow time for prostaglandin impact. 21.4% of cases given urea, 47.8 of those given PGF2 alpha, and 77% of those given urea and PGF2 alpha had aborted 12 hours after infusion. 63.7% of those receiving the combination had aborted 9 hours after infusion. Gastrointestinal side effects were observed in 35% of cases given the higher prostaglandin dosage, compared to only 10% of cases given the lower dosage. The findings indicate that the synergistic effect of urea and prostaglandin was enhanced by the concurrent use of laminaria and oxytocin; the urea dosage was only half of that used in previous studies of synergism, the prostaglandin dosage half of that of prostaglandin only infusions. It seems clear that the initial prostaglandin impact is reinforced by simultaneous administration of urea. Future tests will determine whether the rate of progesterone withdrawal is increased by the synergistic activity of urea and PGF2 alpha in combination.
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PMID:Midtrimester abortion with urea, prostaglandin F2alpha, laminaria, and oxytocin. A new regimen. 66 49

Prostaglandins appear to mediate the uterine contractions of abortion and labor, and aspirin has been shown to be an inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis. In this double-blind, placebo-controlled, prospective, and randomized study, aspirin was administered orally in doses of 600 mg. every 6 hours to patients undergoing induced midtrimester abortions with hyperosmolar urea and oxytocin augmentation. The mean injection-abortion interval was significantly prolonged by aspirin in nulliparous patients (aspirin 32.3 +/- 3.3 hr. vs. placebo 21.5 +/- 3.5 hr.) and no aspirin-treated nullipara aborted in less than 18 hours. There was no significant difference between treatment groups in the mean injection-abortion interval in the multiparous patients at the dose of aspirin used. The effectiveness of aspirin in the prolongation of the injection-abortion interval has potential therapeutic implications for the treatment of premature labor.
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PMID:The influence of aspirin on the course of induced midtrimester abortion. 76 55

A study comparing intra-amniotic urea plus intravenous oxytocin and intra-amniotic urea with 10 mg. prostaglandin F2 alpha was completed. In addition, the results obtained with a further 150 patients receiving urea and prostaglandin are reported. Mean injection-abortion intervals ranged from 15.75 hours for urea-prostaglandin to 18.93 hours for urea-oxytocin. The advantages of urea-prostaglandin and suggested improvements are discussed. Over all, the method appears efficacious though incomplete abortions and cervical laceration are persistent problems.
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PMID:Intra-amniotic urea and prostaglandin F2 alpha for midtrimester abortion: a modified regimen. 78 24


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