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Query: UNIPROT:P01178 (oxytocin)
 15,767 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Oxytocin receptors were measured in myometrium and intercaruncular endometrium of cows during pregnancy and parturition. Concentrations of estradiol-17 beta, estrone, and progesterone in peripheral blood were also measured. Receptor concentrations in the endometrium rose almost 200-fold from Day 20 to term (p < 0.0001, ANOVA), from 40 +/- 11 to 7300 +/- 1430 fmol/mg protein. Myometrial receptor concentrations increased 10-fold from 180 +/- 36 fmol/mg on Day 20 to 1850 +/- 360 fmol/mg protein at term (p < 0.0001, ANOVA). During labor, endometrial receptors (6600 +/- 1300 fmol/mg) remained at prelabor values, whereas myometrial receptor concentrations had decreased to 1190 +/- 316 fmol/mg (not significant) and declined further postpartum. Plasma concentrations of progesterone declined from 4-5 ng/ml to about 2 ng/ml between Days 250 and 282 and dropped to < 0.2 ng/ml shortly before delivery. Plasma concentrations of estrone and estradiol-17 beta were below 10-20 pg/ml until Day 230. Estrone concentrations were significantly (p < 0.05) increased by Day 250 and estradiol-17 beta by Day 270, and then both rose rapidly. During labor, plasma estrone was 1135 +/- 245 pg/ml and plasma estradiol-17 beta was 226 +/- 131 pg/ml. The molar ratio of estrone and estradiol-17 beta to progesterone rose from less than 0.01 to 4.4 during labor, and was correlated with oxytocin receptor concentrations in endometrium (r = 0.5160, p < 0.001), but not those in myometrium (r = 0.0122). The regulation of oxytocin receptors by ovarian hormones in the two tissues may therefore differ.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Oxytocin and bovine parturition: a steep rise in endometrial oxytocin receptors precedes onset of labor. 133 77

Two mares received PGF-2 alpha twice daily until abortion and 2 mares received a combined treatment with oestradiol benzoate and oxytocin. The mares were about 150 days pregnant. The PG-treated animals aborted after 37 and 61 h, respectively, and the fetuses were expelled in intact fetal membranes. The other 2 mares aborted 13 and 27 h after the first oxytocin injection, respectively, and showed strong uterine contractions and expelled the fetuses in disrupted fetal membranes. Concentrations of 15-ketodihydro-PGF-2 alpha increased both after PG and oxytocin injections and in association with the abortion, but after the PG-induced abortion there was an immediate return to basal levels and after the oxytocin-induced abortion there was a large increase in the concentrations, indicating damage of the uterus. Progesterone and relaxin concentrations followed the placental function and decreased in association with the abortions. Oestrone sulphate values differed in the two groups; the oxytocin-treated animals showed a rapid decrease while the mares treated with PG showed first a marked increase and then a decrease. Concentrations of PMSG appeared to be unaffected by the abortions.
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PMID:Hormonal changes associated with induced late abortions in the mare. 282 69

The effect of estrogens, epinephrine, oxytocin and pituitrin on blood flow through the uterus, cervix vagina, uterine surface uterine vein as well as aorta, liver and cavity of the rumen were measured in waking ewes using thermocouples encased in polyvinyl catheters. Estrone, estradiol and estriol administration led to a reduction in temperature difference between the aorta and reproductive organs. The response was greatest in the temperature of the uterine cavity. The temperature differences between the liver, and cavity of the rumen were unaffected. After the infusion of epinephrine, oxytocin or pituitrin into estrogen-treated ewes, there was an increase in temperature difference compared with the aorta. This may have been caused by the reduction of blood flow to the uterus.
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PMID:Temperature differences in reproductive tract of nonpregnant ewe. 508 76

The activation of placental AC by either Mg2+ or Mn2+, in the presence and absence of NaF, followed sigmoidal saturation kinetics. Mn2+ enhanced maximally the NaF-stimulated Mg2+-dependent AC activity. The apparent Km of Mg2+-dependent AC for ATP was 0.4 mM, with and without NaF addition. GTP and GMP-P(NH)P stimulated the Mg2+-dependent AC in a dose-dependent manner with half-maximal stimulation taking place at concentrations of approximately 2 microM. In the presence of GMP-P(NH)P (10 microM) the kinetics of the AC dependence on Mg2+ ion concentration changed from sigmoidal to hyperbolic. Most of the AC activity (greater than 83 per cent) was associated with the particulate fractions of placental homogenate. For better reproducibility, the AC assay was performed using sonicated particulate fraction preparations; sonication did not alter the response of AC to stimuli to a variety of agents used in these experiments; freezing and thawing, however, obliterated the stimulation by beta-adrenergic agonists. Placental AC activity was inhibited by p-hydroxymercuriphenyl sodium sulphonate in a dose-dependent fashion, and the inhibition was reversed by dithiothreitol. Mg2+-dependent AC was inhibited by 0.5 mM phenylhydrazine (95 per cent). Mg2+-dependent AC activity was responsive to stimulation by epinephrine, without and with GTP addition, with half-maximal stimulation taking place at a concentration of 2 microM. The stimulatory effect of epinephrine was blocked by propranolol in a dose-dependent manner but was not blocked by phentolamine. Oestrone, oestradiol-17 beta, 2-hydroxyoestreone, 2-hydroxyoestradiol-17 beta, dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate, and progesterone, as well as oxytocin, did not alter either the basal or GMP-P(NH)P-stimulated Mg2+-dependent AC activities. Preincubation of 20 000 g particulate fraction with either NaF or GMP-P(NH)P, followed by washing, resulted in preparations that remained stimulated without the requirement of any further additions.
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PMID:Adenylate cyclase from term human placenta and its regulation. 712 27

During late bovine pregnancy, several hormones are involved to maintain and develop a successful result with a live calf. These hormones are e.g., progesterone, high levels during the whole pregnancy period, originating from the corpus luteum, maternal adrenals and placenta. Oestrone sulphate, oestrone in its conjugated form, shows elevated levels from about mid-pregnancy until the third stage of parturition (expelling of the fetal membranes). For the onset of normal parturition and the parturition process as such, a change from progesterone to oestrone synthesis is crucial. The increasing levels of oestrone are time-related to an increased synthesis of prostaglandin F(2alpha) (reflected as elevated levels of 15-ketodihydro-PGF(2alpha)) causing prepartal luteolysis and several hormones are then involved in the labour process such as prostaglandin F(2alpha), cortisol and oxytocin. Cortisol might also be an indicator of stressful events for the dam. Levels of pregnancy associated glycoproteins (PAGs), originating from the trophoblastic binucleate cells, are increasing during the last 10 days prior to parturition. All the mentioned hormones have certain functions during pregnancy, more or less understood. However, could deviations from the expected profiles during late bovine pregnancy indicate impaired fetal well-being or be of importance for reproductive performance during the postpartum period? Abortions, stillbirths or dystocia are situations where endocrine profiles might predict the status of the calf. There are two possible approaches to study the endocrine changes in late pregnancy-to follow spontaneous cases of normal or impaired pregnancies or to experimentally disturb the gestation or induce parturition. We have in one study followed pregnant animals to depict reproductive disturbances, both animals with expected normal parturitions and animals where the sire of the calf has given rise to a high incidence of stillborn calves. The number of stillborn calves or dystocia has been small and so far it has not been possible to obtain a clear picture of the usefulness of endocrine parameters to follow fetal well being, but some of the hormonal parameters show a deviating profile. In a small group of animals with induced parturition (PGF(2alpha)), two out of three had parturition problems and one of these animals had a stillborn calf. All three animals had retained fetal membranes. It was possible to demonstrate a deviating endocrine profile in the cow having the stillborn calf in the sense of higher levels of progesterone, cortisol and 15-ketodihydro-PGF(2alpha) at the time of parturition. In both animals with dystocia the levels of oestrone sulphate after parturition were more sustained. Increasing and high levels of PAGs were only demonstrated in the animal with a normal parturition. These studies are ongoing, aiming at finding changes in endocrine profiles related to impaired pregnancies.
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PMID:Endocrine changes in late bovine pregnancy with special emphasis on fetal well-being. 1214 48