Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P01178 (oxytocin)
 15,767 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The discovery of the various peptide factors in the gonads followed different paths. A number of factors were specifically searched for because of physiological experiments that predicted that an activity from the gonads was necessary to explain phenomena. Such was the case for gonadal steroids and for such peptide factors as inhibin, MIS, OMI, FRP, seminal plasma inhibin, relaxin, PA factor and other proteases, and ABP. In the process other factors such as activin and follistatin were serendipitously discovered. A second group of factors was discovered because in vitro experiments of various combinations of gonadal cell types failed to replicate in vivo findings, suggesting missing signals. Such substances are the panoply of growth factors aiding in differentiation and growth promotion and inhibition: LS and LI, P-Mod-S, clusterin, and various components of the ECM. Finally, and most recently, another set of peptides has been identified because immunological or molecular probes have been used to search gonadal tissue for factors originally discovered elsewhere; these include POMC, GnRH-like peptide, oxytocin, AVP, angiotensin, ANF, CRF, neural peptides, and c-mos. Our understanding of the relationship of most of these peptides to the local signals necessary for gonadal function is still very elementary. Clearly some like relaxin and inhibin function as important hormones, and ABP, for example, probably functions importantly in transporting testosterone down the tubule. Most local paracrine or autocrine peptide signals appear to act in relationship to gonadotropin levels probably in local differentiation in the process of gamete maturation, but this is only conjecture at this point. No experimental verification that any of these factors is involved in follicle selection for recruitment or for atresia is yet available. For many of the factors local receptors have not yet been identified. The richness of the variety of peptides in the gonads suggests that microanalysis of cell-cell signaling would be rewarding, but at the time of this writing such investigations are not yet possible.
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PMID:Nonsteroidal signals originating in the gonads. 162 34

The decapeptide kallidin-10, substance P and angiotensin increased the resistance of guinea-pig lungs to inflation; lysine- or arginine-vasopressin and oxytocin were inactive. Acetylsalicylate antagonized this action of kallidin-10, as it does that of bradykinin, but it failed to antagonize substance P or angiotensin. Bradykinin also increased resistance to inflation of rabbit lungs and, to a lesser extent, rat lungs. It caused a relatively slow contraction of guinea-pig tracheal and bronchial muscle in vitro, but it did not contract isolated rabbit, dog or human bronchus. The relative potencies of different substances on different bronchial test preparations, and also in different species, were not parallel.
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PMID:Actions of some peptides on bronchial muscle. 1386 45

Severe or prolonged stress increases the risk for developing psychopathological disorders. An individual's perception of stress exposure varies greatly, as do its consequences. Numerous individuals demonstrate resilience to psychological stress. The mRNA and microRNA profiles of stress susceptibility and resilience to induced psychological stress in the amygdala remain to be elucidated. In this work, psychological stress was induced in an observer mouse by witnessing a similar individual under attack by an aggressor. After 5 days of psychological stress, the degree of fear memory and anxiety in mice was measured by a social interaction test and elevated plus-maze (EPM) test. mRNA and microRNA profiles were quantified by high-throughput sequencing in amygdala tissue harvested from Control, Susceptible and Resilient mice. In the amygdala of Susceptible versus Resilient mice, the upregulation of peptide, thyrotropin-releasing hormone, ECM receptors, glutamatergic synapse, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, long-term depression, PI3K-Akt, oxytocin, GnRH, HIF-1, estrogen, and calcium signaling pathways may be related to psychological stress-induced susceptibility, and their downregulation may be related to resilience. The downregulation of adrenergic synapse, adherens junction, Wnt, sphingolipid, B cell receptor, cAMP, Rap1, and Toll-like receptor signaling pathways may be related to psychological stress-induced susceptibility, and the upregulation may be related to resilience. Results by sequencing of mRNA and microRNA profiles are consistent, in which some are validated by qRT-PCR and dual-luciferase reporter assay. Susceptibility and resilience induced by psychological stresses are caused by the imbalanced regulation of different synapses and signaling pathways in the amygdala.
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PMID:mRNA and microRNA Profiles in the Amygdala Are Relevant to Susceptibility and Resilience to Psychological Stress Induced in Mice. 3239 61

Epilepsy is most common in patients with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC). However, in addition to the challenging treatment, the pathogenesis of epilepsy is still controversial. To determine the transcriptome characteristics of perituberal tissue (PT) and clarify its role in the pathogenesis of epilepsy, GSE16969 was downloaded from the GEO database for further study by comprehensive bioinformatics analysis. Identification of differentially expressed genes (DEGs), functional enrichment analysis, construction of protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, and selection of Hub genes were performed using R language, Metascape, STRING, and Cytoscape, respectively. Comparing with cortical tuber (CT), 220 DEGs, including 95 upregulated and 125 downregulated genes, were identified in PT and mainly enriched in collagen-containing extracellular matrix and positive regulation of receptor-mediated endocytosis, as well as the pathways of ECM-receptor interaction and neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction. As for normal cortex (NC), 1549 DEGs, including 30 upregulated and 1519 downregulated genes, were identified and mainly enriched in presynapse, dendrite and axon, and also the pathways of dopaminergic synapse and oxytocin signaling pathway. In the PPI network, 4 hub modules were found between PT and CT, and top 5 hub modules were selected between PT and NC. C3, APLNR, ANXA2, CD44, CLU, CP, MCHR2, HTR1E, CTSG, APP, and GNG2 were identified as Hub genes, of which, C3, CD44, ANXA2, HTR1E, and APP were identified as Hub-BottleNeck genes. In conclusion, PT has the unique characteristics different from CT and NC in transcriptome and makes us further understand its importance in the TSC-associated epilepsy.
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PMID:The Important Role of Perituberal Tissue in Epileptic Patients with Tuberous Sclerosis Complex by the Transcriptome Analysis. 3312 75