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Query: UNIPROT:P01178 (oxytocin)
 15,767 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Oxytocin, 5 to 10 units, is frequently given as a bolus injection following term delivery or elective termination of pregnancy. It is not general knowledge that this has any untoward effects. In the present study in young, healthy women undergoing elective termination of pregnancy, mean arterial blood pressure decreased approximately 30% and the total peripheral resistence 50%, 40 seconds after injection. However, heart rate increased 30% and stroke volume 25%, so that the cardiac output was elevated more than 50% above control. Oxytocin given as a dilute solution produced no circulatory change; hence, we suggest that this drug be administered in such fashion rather than by bolus injection.
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PMID:Cardiovascular effects of oxytocin. 115 52

Radioimmunoassayable plasma oxytocin (OT) has been measured in maternal and fetal blood. Simultaneous samples were obtained in maternal forearm venous blood and in umbilical venous and arterial blood in 29 patients at term delivery. In addition, maternal forearm venous blood samples were also obtained 10 minutes prior to delivery. Mean OT level in maternal plasma at delivery was 82 +/- 12 muU/ml, and at 10 minutes prior to delivery the mean OT level was 90 +/- 11 muU/ml. The umbilical arterial plasma OT showed 95 +/- 12 muU/ml and the umbilical vein plasma OT was 60 +/- 10 muU/ml. Oxytocin levels higher in maternal blood than in fetal blood were found with the following incidence: In 51% of samples there was more OT in maternal venous blood than in umbilical arterial blood, and in 84% of samples there was more OT in maternal blood than umbilical vein blood. During the postpartum period, the mean maternal plasma OT was 66 +/- 8 muU/ml for the first day, and 50 +/- 9 muU/ml and 54 +/- 9 muU/ml for the second and third days, respectively. This study indicates that both the fetus and the mother are active producers of oxytocin.
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PMID:Oxytocin in maternal and fetal blood. 116 Dec 29

Jugular vein oxytocin concentrations were determined at 15-s intervals on 10 Holstein cows during milking. Oxytocin ranged from .5 muU/ml plasma prior to udder washing to 652.7 muU/ml plasma at 1 min after application of teat cups. The results indicate a gradually increasing release of oxyctocin after stimulation and a maximal oxytocin release 1.5 min after start of udder washing and 1 min after teat cup application.
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PMID:Release of oxytocin in the cow during milking. 116 63

A transparent ear-chamber and its installation in the rabbit is described as well as the subsequent autografting of myometrial tissue into the connective tissue formed in the chamber. Of the rabbits initially provided with ear-chambers 65% were found to be suitable for grafting while finally only 40% of these presented activity either spontaneously or induced by stretch or oxytocin. Qualitative evaluation of the mechanical activity was obtained by photo-electric recording of the transmission of light through the graft. An evaluation of the electrical activity was made possible by recording volume conducted potentials from wire electrodes in contact with the grafted tissue. A close time interrelationship between electrical potentials and change in transmission of light of the graft was found. Oxytocin produced electrical activity and blanching of the graft. It is concluded that recording of the electrical activity provides the most reliable way of expressing the activity of grafted myometrium.
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PMID:Auto-transplantation of rabbit myometrium into ear-chamber and recording of its activity. 117 72

Three different oxytocin challenge tests were used for the anssessment of placentar function in pregnant women at risk: For the oxytocin test after Ray et al. Oxytocin was given in continuity with rising doses. In the two other tests Oxytocin was given intermittently with identical doses. The test described by Ray et al. Proved useful for predicting respiratory insufficiency of the placenta. The two other intermittent tests are, according to our investigations, less suitable as tests of placentar function because their significance is limited or non-existent. The continuous oxytocin challenge test takes more time (one hour on average). Essential for exact interpretation are a careful technique and surveillance of the patient throughout the test by trained personel. In our opinion the indications for the continous oxytocin challenge test are pregnancies at risk, where antepartum cardniotocography shows suspect or hard-to-interprete results (e.g. non-classifiables decelerations, loss of fluctuation, absence of Braxton-Hicks contractions) or when other monitoring techniques indicate placentar insufficiency (e.g. low oestriol excretion). The test is not suitable in placenta previaprevia, threatened premature birth and premature ruptur of the membranes. In contrast to other authors we cannot decide with certainly whether patients with a positive oxytocin challenge test should in every case be treated with Caesarean section [9]. This decision will depend not only on the result of the test but on the assessment of all parameters, mainly on the clinical picture. In any case delivery of patients with positive oxytocin challenge tests will have to be carried out under strict technical and biochemical supervision.
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PMID:[Significance of various oxytocin challenge tests in monitoring pregnant women at risk (author's transl)]. 117 90

A modification of Wagner's method of termination of pregnancy after the first trimester is described. All 100 women aborted without major complications. Antibiotics were given prophylactically. Stimulation with an Oxytocin perfusion was necessary only in 3 cases. It is pointed out, that the transisthmicocervical intraamniotic route of injection of the saline solution is to be preferred in some aspects to the usual transabdominal way.
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PMID:[Trans-isthmicocervical intra-amniotic instillation of hypertonic sodium solutions for termination of pregnancy after the 1st trimester]. 118 86

Schulman et al reported reduction in interval-abortion time and decreased side effects when prostaglandin (PG) E2 vaginal suppositories were administered within a contraceptive diaphragm. The authors conducted a study to confirm Schulman et al' finding. 2 groups of 20 patients with gestational ages ranging from 13 to 20 weeks were matched. 1 group (non-diaphragm) had a 20 mg. suppository inserted every 4 hours high in the vaginal fornix. The other group (diaphragm) had a contraceptive diaphragm containing the suppository inserted at 4-hour intervals. The authors' protocol differed from that of Schulman's in that oxytocin sensitivity was not sought and PGE2 alone was used. Oxytocin, however, was used to promote placental expulsion following fetal delivery in 4 cases. There were no statistically significant differences observed between the groups with respect to total drug dose (84 mg. for diaphragm group and 80 mg. for non-diaphragm), abortion-interval time (15.2 hours vs. 14.3 respectively), or frequency of side effects (vomiting, diarrhea). Schulman's reduced side effects may have followed the decreased absorption rate of PGE2 and avoidance of plasma peaks secondary to reduction in drug-mucosal interface. Schulman also reported onset of uterine activity in the diaphragm group (mean, 41 minutes) versus the control group's mean of 79.4 minutes. There is no known physiologic explanation for such findings.
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PMID:Letter: PGE2 as a vaginal abortifacient - diaphragm effect. 119 86

A study is made of the effect of synthetic oxytocin on the mechanograms and electromyograms of the stomach and small intestines of 11 wakeful and 7 chloralose-anaesthesized dogs. Oxytocin was administered intravenously in doses of 0.5 to 2.0 IU/kg for the anaesthesized dogs. The mechanograms were recorded by means of the balloon-kymographic method, the electromyograms-by silver macroelectrodes implanted in the muscle wall. In all animals oxytocin decreased the tone and abolished the peristaltic contractions and the spike-potentials in the stomach and in the intestines for 8 to 15 min. This effect of oxytocin is not eliminated by adreno-, cholino- and gangliolytics. Besides these changes, oxytocin administered in wakeful dogs reduces two or three times the frequency of the basic electric rhythm (BER) in the stomach from 10 s to 3 min and increases the propagation of BER in the small intestine from 10 s to 10 min. The effect of oxytocin on gastric and intestinal BER is eliminated by cholinolytics and gangliolytics and it is not manifested in the small pouch of Heindenhein. A direct myogenic mechanism of oxytocin effect on the activity of the gastro-intestinal smooth muscle is discussed, as well as the effect mediated by vagal nerves and cholinergic receptors.
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PMID:Effect of synthetic oxytocin on the motor and bioelectrical activity of the stomach and small intestines (in vivo). 121 Nov 87

Guinea pig ovaries were isolated and immersed in Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate solution, gassed with carbogen and added with glucose as the substrate. The experiments were carried out at 37 degrees C and the preparations were subjected to a basal tension of 500 mg. The spontaneous motility (contractile tension and frequency) of guinea pig ovaries obtained in late proestrus was significantly greater than that of the estrus or early proestrus. The influence of oxytocin on ovarian motility was significantly more marked in late proestrus than in estrus or early proestrus. Both the spontaneous and induced mortility of guinea pig ovaries are augmented in the immediate prevoulatory moment. In isolated rat ovaries, the isometric contractile tension and the frequency of contractions increased as the estral cycle progressed. During late proestrus, left ovaries had a contractile activity of greater intensity and frequency than the right ones, whereas during early proestrus the magnitudes were comparable. Oxytocin elicited greater responses in left than right ovaries of the late proestrus, the effect becoming similar in estrus and early proestrus. Rat ovaries obtained immediately before ovulation are specifically sensitized to the influence of oxytocin and not to other smooth muscle stimulants.
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PMID:Studies on the ovarian motility of small laboratory rodents. 124 83

In dehydrated rats both neurohypophysial hormones diminished in hypothalamus as well as in the neurohypophysis. Oxytocin disappearef from the hypothalamus and neurohypophysis at a more rapid rate than vasopressin did. The minimal content of vasopressin and oxytocin in the hypothalamus was observed during 3rd--4th day, but even in extreme dehydration it was found to be relatively high: 65 per cent of vasopressin and 27 per cent of oxytocin as compared with intact animals. At that time the neurohypophysial vasopressin and oxytocin content were almost fully exhausted. In dehydrated and additionally reserpinized animals (10 mg/kg intraperitoneally, then each 48 hr 5 mg/kg of initial body weight) the vasopressin and and oxytocin hypothalamus and neurohypophysis changed in a similar manner. In some experimental groups the decrease of neurohormones in both sites was more marked under reserpine treatment. The drug seems therefore rather to potentiate the effects of physiological stimulation of osmodetectors. So the existence of monoaminergic stimulatory synapses, directly involved in the neural pathway between the osmodetector and the neurosecretory cell, appears to be hardly probable.
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PMID:The vasopressin and oxytocin content in the hypothalamus and neurohypophysis as influenced by reserpine treatment during long-term dehydration in the white rat. 124 99


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