Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P01178 (oxytocin)
 15,767 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To measure cholinergic, adrenergic and tryptaminergic receptor activity of formaldehyde (HCHO) in rat uterus, albino rats were treated with 5 and 10 mg/kg, ip HCHO for 30 days. Acetylcholine (ACh) in doses 1.33, 2 and 3 micrograms/ml produced mild to moderate contraction of isolated rat uterus in control group. HCHO had no effect on isolated rat uterus per se, however it reduced ACh and carbachol induced contraction and presence of adrenaline influences in respect of ACh and carbachol activity. Adrenaline per se had no effect in control preparations, but reduced carbachol induced contraction. Propranolol had no effect on rat uterus; but its presence in the bathing medium increased activity of adrenaline. 5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) had no effect of its own on isolated rat uterus but its presence in the bathing medium enhanced contractions of carbachol and oxytocin.
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PMID:In vitro study of rat uterus after chronic formaldehyde exposure. 129 16

We describe a rapid method for the preparation and binding site labeling of cryostat sections for use in light microscopy. Instead of using antibodies to bind to specific sites, substance P, delta-sleep-inducing peptide, oxytocin, and dopamine were covalently attached to BSA and then the BSA-ligand complex was adsorbed on 5-nm colloidal gold particles. Bioassays carried out on isolated organs indicated that the physiological activity of the ligand GPL complex was maintained. Most of the technical steps included use of an ordinary microwave oven (MWO), with tissues exposed for less than 1 min in any given step. Cryostat sections of unfixed rat brain were pre-incubated for 50 sec in the MWO in a Tris-buffered solution (pH 7.4) containing 1.5% BSA, then further incubated for 50 sec in the MWO in Tris-buffered solution containing 1% gelatin and the diluted colloidal gold suspension. After washing, the preparations were postfixed for 30 sec in the MWO in 5% formaldehyde solution, pH 7.4. Finally, the cell-bound gold particles were enlarged by a silver-enhancing process and counterstained. Preparations observed at high magnification provided excellent resolution of the cell binding sites. Positive and negative controls performed by addition of BSA-conjugated ligands to the pre-incubation and incubation medium, and displacement of the markers by an excess of unbound ligand in the pre-incubation or the incubation medium, showed the specificity of the tissue labeling.
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PMID:Microwave-aided binding of gold-protein-ligand (GPL) complexes. Light microscopic observations in the rat brain. 137 31

1. The use of radioactive and biotinylated oligonucleotide probes has been optimized to detect and analyze by in situ hybridization, neurons expressing neuropeptide genes (vasopressin, oxytocin, somatostatin). 2. In situ hybridization was performed on cryostat-cut sections obtained from tissues perfused with 1% formaldehyde. Radioactive probes were labeled by tailing with 35S-dATP and revealed with autoradiography. Biotinylated probes were obtained either by the incorporation of 11-biotin dUTP or by the addition of biotinylated nucleotides to the oligonucleotide during its synthesis. Biotin was revealed with streptavidin alkaline phosphatase and the appropriate substrate. 3. In the adult rat brain, radioactive and biotinylated probes revealed peptidergic neurons. The biotinylated probes provided an optimal cellular and subcellular resolution with a sensitivity similar to that observed with radioactive probes. Staining was selectively restricted to the cytoplasm and to the proximal part of processes. 4. Biotinylated vasopressin probes with 10 biotins added demonstrated magnocellular neurons and parvocellular neurons in the suprachiasmatic nucleus and the bed nucleus stria terminalis. 5. Vasopressin gene expression was studied during ontogeny in the rat fetus and neonate. Vasopressin mRNA was first detectable at gestational day 16 in the supraoptic nucleus in neurons of neuroblastic appearance. An aspect similar to the one present in adult was found at gestational day 19 in magnocellular neurons and at day 3 postnatal in parvocellular neurons. 6. The results confirm that radioactive oligonucleotide probes are efficient tools to investigate neuropeptide gene expression by in situ hybridization and demonstrate that biotinylated oligonucleotides are very efficient and provide a much higher resolution than radioactive probes with a reasonable sensitivity.
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PMID:Topography and ontogeny of the neurons expressing vasopressin, oxytocin, and somatostatin genes in the rat brain: an analysis using radioactive and biotinylated oligonucleotides. 197 Jul 59

Total cellular RNA was isolated from conceptus tissue obtained from 22 superovulated cows 18 days after artificial insemination. Total RNA was also isolated from luteal tissue from 3 cyclic cows 7 and 8 days after oestrus. Luteal and conceptus RNA were simultaneously subjected to formaldehyde-agarose gel electrophoresis and transferred to nitrocellulose by bidirectional diffusion blotting. Northern blots were probed using cDNAs specific for bovine oxytocin and bovine beta-actin gene sequences. Hybridization of the oxytocin cDNA to RNA was consistently observed on autoradiographs as a 0.6 kilobase (kb) band in lanes containing corpus luteum RNA, but was not detected in lanes containing conceptus RNA. The presence of conceptus RNA on the blots was confirmed by hybridization of the actin cDNA to conceptus RNA, which resulted in a 2.0 kb band on autoradiographs. These results suggest that oxytocin is not synthesized by the bovine conceptus on Day 18 of gestation.
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PMID:Absence of oxytocin-neurophysin messenger RNA in the day-18 bovine conceptus. 199 64

Recent results have demonstrated altered corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF)-41 content of the neurointermediate lobe (NIL) of the pituitary gland in response to various manipulations including osmotic stimulation. This study was undertaken to determine whether changes in CRF-41 content of the NIL are accompanied by changes in intensity of CRF-41-like immunoreactivity (CRF-41-LI) of neurosecretory neurones of the hypothalamus in response to osmotic stimulation. Wistar rats of both sexes given either tap water ad libitum, 2% NaCl solution, or access to tap water was limited to 20 min daily, for 7 days. Subsets of rats from each group were adrenalectomized (ADX) or treated with dexamethasone (DEX). Thirty-six hour before perfusion with fixative consisting of buffered formaldehyde and picric acid, animals received 75 micrograms colchicine i.c.v. Forty micrometer thick vibratome sections were stained for CRF-LI, arginine vasopressin (AVP-LI) and oxytocin (OXY-LI) using the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex method. In response to both types of osmotic stimulation magnocellular neurones of the paraventricular (PVN) and supraoptic nuclei (SON) showed increased CRF-LI, AVP-LI and OXY-LI, while CRF-LI of parvocellular perikarya of the PVN decreased. The enhanced CRF-LI seemed to appear in a subset of magnocellular neurones with OXY-LI but not AVP-LI. Increased staining intensities were also observed in magnocellular neurones in ADX rats challenged osmotically. In contrast, systemic DEX administration, as well as implantation of DEX in the area on the SON, sharply attenuated CRF-LI but not AVP-LI or OXY-LI of magnocellular neurones in osmotically stimulated rats.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Oxytocinergic neurons in rat hypothalamus. Dexamethasone-reversible increase in their corticotropin-releasing factor-41-like immunoreactivity in response to osmotic stimulation. 211 29

A method for the isolation and localization of proteins and peptides from histological sections of rat and human brain by immunoblotting is described. For validation, the well-characterized protein neurophysin was electrophoretically transferred from formaldehyde-fixed or fresh tissue sections onto a nitrocellulose membrane. Neurophysin on the nitrocellulose membrane was detected by a specific antibody reaction. The antibody against neurophysin was visualized either by using secondary antibodies, conjugated with peroxidase or by protein A gold, followed by enhancement with silver. With this simple and fast method, neurophysin (or other proteins and peptides) can be identified on nitrocellulose membranes in areas that correspond to anatomically defined regions. Since the procedure combines the advantages of precise regional localization of polypeptides with the specificity of antibody-antigen reactions, the method may prove useful for rapid screening of the distribution of peptides or proteins in (brain) tissue.
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PMID:Direct immunoblotting from histological sections of brain onto nitrocellulose: evaluation with the protein neurophysin. 228 62

The nature of the activity of vasopressin which is responsible for the inhibition of renin secretion was studied by comparing the effects of vasopressin (AVP) and analogs of AVP in anesthetized water-loaded dogs. Infusion of AVP (1.0 ng/kg/min) increased mean arterial pressure (MAP) and decreased heart rate (HR) and free water clearance (CH2O). Plasma renin activity (PRA) decreased from 11.9 +/- 4.7 to 3.8 +/- 1.7 ng/ml/3 hr (p less than 0.05). A selective antidiuretic agonist, 1-deamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin (1.0 ng/kg/min), which had no effect on MAP or HR but was effective as AVP in decreasing CH2O, decreased PRA from 13.5 +/- 4.6 to 7.0 +/- 2.9 ng/ml/3 hr (p less than 0.05). Infusion of a selective vasoconstrictor agonist, 2-phenylalanine-8-ornithine oxytocin (1.0 ng/kg/min), increased MAP and decreased HR but did not decrease CH2O or PRA. A vasoconstrictor antagonist, d(CH2)5Tyr(Me)AVP (10 micrograms/kg), completely blocked the MAP and HR responses to AVP but did not block the decrease in CH2O or PRA (5.9 +/- 1.8 to 2.9 +/- 1.6 ng/ml/3 hr) (p less than 0.001). Infusion of the 0.45% saline vehicle had no significant effect on MAP, HR, CH2O or PRA. These results indicate that the inhibition of renin secretion by vasopressin in anesthetized water-loaded dogs is due to its antidiuretic activity.
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PMID:Role of antidiuretic activity in the inhibition of renin secretion by vasopressin in anesthetized dogs. 352 May 11

We examined the renal effects of synthetic oxytocin (OT) in the presence and absence of vasopressin in conscious euvolemic rats. Both sexes of the Long-Evans (LE) and Brattleboro homozygous (DI) strains were used. OT infused intravenously at 0.25 and 2.5 ng X min-1 X 100 g body wt (BW)-1 resulted, respectively, in plasma concentrations of 30 +/- 6 and 265 +/- 88 pg/ml in LE rats and 46 +/- 5 and 327 +/- 29 pg/ml in DI rats. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was augmented most consistently by the larger dose of hormone in LE rats (P less than 0.05), whereas the low infusion rate of OT enhanced GFR in DI rats (P less than 0.01). Effective renal plasma flow was not changed significantly. OT (both doses) increased the fractional excretion of sodium two- to threefold in each strain of animal (all at least P less than 0.05 from control), whereas the fractional excretion of potassium was largely unaffected. In LE rats, a diuresis was observed with either infusion rate of hormone, accompanied by a rise in osmolar clearance (COsm). In contrast, there was no change of urine flow with the low dose of OT in DI rats, because COsm increased and the clearance of free water (CH2O) decreased proportionately. The higher infusion rate of OT promoted antidiuresis in DI rats, with negative CH2O and little change in COsm. We conclude that oxytocin enhances GFR and is natriuretic regardless of the presence or absence of endogenous vasopressin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Influence of oxytocin on renal hemodynamics and electrolyte and water excretion. 374 Feb 76

The hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system, containing the hormones oxytocin (OT) and vasopressin (VP) and their associated carrier proteins, the neurophysins (NPS), has been the subject of extensive investigation for more than 40 years. This system has been reinvestigated during the last decade by application of immunocytochemical methods employing the rabbit antisera to the hormones and NPS. In this study we describe the preparation and characterization of a monoclonal antibody to VP and its application in immunohistochemistry. The antibody did not cross-react with OT or arginine vasotocin (AVT). Its antigenic determinants as characterized by absorption with various VP analogs included two aromatic amino acids: Phe in position 3, and to a lesser extent Tyr in 2. Tissue fixation with formaldehyde resulted in inadequate immunostaining as compared to glutaraldehyde, most likely due to interference with the aromatic amino acid determinants by the former fixative.
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PMID:A monoclonal antibody to vasopressin: preparation, characterization, and application in immunocytochemistry. 618 60

The co-localization patterns of catecholamine varicosities and peptide-specific neuronal perikarya were assessed within the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei in the rhesus monkey, Macaca mulatta. Formaldehyde-induced histofluorescence was coupled with the unlabelled antibody technique for the demonstration of neuropeptides. Hormone-specific neurophysin staining served to identify vasopressin and oxytocin-containing neurons in these hypothalamic nuclei. Catecholamine varicosities were seen in juxtaposition to vasopressin- and oxytocin-containing perikarya and proximal dendrites. The densest catecholamine innervation patterns were seen in the ventrolateral portion of the supraoptic nucleus; the dorsomedial portion of this nucleus received a considerably less dense innervation pattern. Oxytocin neurons were clustered in this relatively catecholamine poor region, whereas the vasopressin-containing neurons were more abundantly found in the catecholamine rich region. The paraventricular nucleus presented a considerably more complex pattern, perhaps reflecting the more diverse organization of this nucleus. Nevertheless, some separation of the oxytocin neurons, in a region less densely innervated by catecholamine varicosities, was noted. These observations confirm our earlier reports, in rat hypothalamus, that the norepinephrine innervation of the hypothalamic magnocellular neurons as seen with catecholamine histofluorescence favors the vasopressin-containing neurons over those located within the same nuclei which synthesize another neurohyphysial principal, oxytocin.
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PMID:Simultaneous monoamine histofluorescence and neuropeptide immunocytochemistry: VI. Catecholamine innervation of vasopressin and oxytocin neurons in the rhesus monkey hypothalamus. 675 53


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