Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UNIPROT:P01178 (oxytocin)
 15,767 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Angus x Hereford multiparous cows were assigned to four treatments: 1) mastectomized+calf weaned at birth (MCW; n = 7); 2) mastectomized+calf presence restricted to noninguinal contact (MCR; n = 7); 3) mastectomized+unrestricted calf presence (MCP; n = 7); and 4) udder-intact cows+unrestricted calf presence (UICP; n = 8). Except for MCW cows, cow-calf pairs were penned together individually from parturition (d 0) until d 35 when calves were weaned. On d 7, calves in MCP and UICP treatments were separated overnight from their dams, and before and upon reunion, blood samples were collected from the cows to assess changes in oxytocin, cortisol, and prolactin. Calves in the MCP and UICP treatments attempted to or suckled their dams for a similar duration upon reunion, respectively. Concentrations of cortisol and percentage of change in oxytoxin and prolactin were increased (P < .05) for up to 12 min in MCP cows after reunion with their calves. Average concentrations of serum LH in samples collected on d 14, 21, 28, and 35 did not differ in noncyclic cows among treatments within day postpartum (except for greater [P < .05] LH in MCW cows on d 21). However, MCP cows had more (P < .05) LH pulses (d 21), greater (P < .05) variability in LH pulses (d 21), greater (P < .05) variability in LH concentrations, and greater (P < .05) average maximum concentrations of LH than UICP cows after d 14. Intervals to first ovulation were similar in MCW and MCR cows but shorter (P < .01) than those in MCP and UICP cows. Attempted suckling of mastectomized dams by their calves was associated with increased serum cortisol and percentage of increase in serum oxytocin and prolactin. Despite increased LH in MCP cows, intervals to first ovulation did not differ from those of UICP cows.
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PMID:Estrus, ovulation, luteinizing hormone, and suckling-induced hormones in mastectomized cows with and without unrestricted presence of the calf. 818 86

Early pregnancy is maintained in ruminants through the actions of conceptus-derived interferon (IFN)-tau on the endometrium. IFN-tau alters uterine release of PGF2 alpha' which results in rescue of the corpus luteum and continued release of progesterone. The mechanism of action of IFN-tau includes inhibition of oestradiol receptors, consequent reduction in oxytocin receptors, activation of a cyclooxygenase inhibitor, and a shift in the PGs to favour PGE2 over PGF2 alpha' IFN-tau also induces several endometrial proteins that may be critical for survival of the developing embryo. One endometrial protein induced by pregnancy and IFN-tau has been identified as bovine granulocyte chemotactic protein-2 (bGCP-2). This chemotactic cytokine (chemokine) has been used as a marker to delineate IFN-tau from IFN-alpha responses in the endometrium. A second protein, called ubiquitin cross-reactive protein (UCRP), resembles a tandem ubiquitin repeat. UCRP becomes conjugated to cytosolic endometrial proteins in response to IFN-tau and pregnancy. Proteins conjugated to UCRP are either modulated or targeted for processing through the proteasome. The action of IFN-tau is mediated by induction of signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT-1), STAT-2 and interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF-1) transcription factors. Induction of these transcription factors, the alpha chemokines and UCRP is the prelude to maternal recognition of pregnancy in ruminants.
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PMID:Mechanism of action of interferon-tau in the uterus during early pregnancy. 1069 65

The osmolarity of body fluid is strictly controlled through the action of diuretic hormones, which are secreted in the hypothalamus. In the mammalian brain, ubiquitin-like 5 (UBL5) is expressed in oxytocin- and vasopressin-positive neurons in the hypothalamus, and these neurons play a role in regulating osmolarity. We examined the dynamics of UBL5 levels in response to hyper- or hypo-osmotic conditions. Hypo-osmotic conditions led to significantly reduced levels of UBL5 both in brain slices from the hypothalamus and in NIH-3T3 cells. This decrease in UBL5 was transcription-independent and proteasome-dependent. Time-course immunocytochemical studies using exogenous UBL5 revealed that the protein was exported from the nucleus under hypo-osmotic conditions and decreased in a proteasome-dependent manner. This report is the first to describe changes in the intracellular and subcellular localization of UBL5 in response to hypo-osmotic conditions. Our results imply osmoregulation of UBL5.
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PMID:Hypo-osmotic shock induces nuclear export and proteasome-dependent decrease of UBL5. 1702 61

The hypothalamic-neurohypophyseal system (HNS) mediates neuroendocrine responses to dehydration through the actions of the antidiuretic hormone vasopressin (VP) and the natriuetic peptide oxytocin (OT). VP and OT are synthesised as separate prepropeptide precursors in the cell bodies of magnocellular neurones in the hypothalamic supraoptic nucleus (SON) and paraventricular nucleus, the axons of which innervate the posterior pituitary gland (PP). Dehydration evokes a massive release of both peptides into the circulation, and this is accompanied by a function-related remodelling of the HNS. Microarray studies on mRNAs differentially expressed in the SON revealed that transcripts encoding the Ywhag and Ywhaz isoforms of the 14-3-3 family of regulatory proteins, are increased in the rat SON by 3 days of water deprivation; findings that we have confirmed by the real-time polymerase chain reaction. Because there is no necessary proportionality between transcript and protein abundance, we next examined Ywhag and Ywhaz translation products throughout the HNS in parallel with 14-3-3 post-translational modification, which is known to be an important determinant of functional activity. Both proteins are robustly expressed in the SON in VP- and OT-containing neurones, but the abundance of neither changes with dehydration. However, the total level of Ywhaz protein is increased in the neurointermediate lobe of the pituitary (NIL, which includes the PP), in parallel with a basic post-translationally modified isoform, suggesting transport from the cell bodies of the SON of newly-synthesised protein and changes in its activity. The level of an acidic, probably phosphorylated, Ywhag isoform is down-regulated in the SON by dehydration, although total levels are unchanged. Finally, based on the presence of a phosphorylated 14-3-3 binding motif, we have identified a 14-3-3 binding partner, proteasome subunit, beta type 7, in the NIL. Thus, we suggest that, through complex transcriptional, and post-translational processes, 14-3-3 proteins are involved in the regulation or mediation of HNS plasticity following dehydration.
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PMID:14-3-3 proteins within the hypothalamic-neurohypophyseal system of the osmotically stressed rat: transcriptomic and proteomic studies. 1792 70