Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P01178 (oxytocin)
 15,767 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Neurohypophyseal dispersions and fractions enriched for neurosecretosomes and pituicytes were prepared from rats subjected to 6 days of water deprivation and 9-10 days of lactation as stimuli of the hypothalamo-neurohypophyseal system (HNS). After water deprivation the content of the fractions changed in such a way that the neurosecretosomes, and to a lesser extent also the pituicytes, accumulated at a lower density within the gradient used for separation. Stimulation by means of lactation did not show such changes when a comparison was made with dioestrus. Microchemical and histochemical tests for acid phosphatase showed that most of the activity in the controls was present in the neurosecretosomes. A rough calculation, which takes into account the different yields for the dispersion elements, showed a rather equal distribution for acid phosphatase activity between axonal and pituicytic compartments of the intact neurohypophysis. The known acid phosphatase activity response of the neural lobe after HNS stimulation, which was also detectable in the dispersion, resulted histochemically in an increased staining intensity for both neurosecretosomes and pituicytes, but with microassay it was distributed along a gradient similar to oxytocin. It was therefore concluded that this lysosomal enzyme response within the neurophypophysis is preferentially localized in the neurohypophysis is preferentially localized in the neurosecretory axons.
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PMID:Acid phosphatase in rat neurohypophyseal dispersions and its fractions enriched for neurosecretosomes and pituicytes after water deprivation and lactation. 96 51

In rat L5 dorsal root ganglia 50% of neurons contained arginine vasopressin-like immunoreactivity and 38% oxytocin-like immunoreactivity, the oxytocin entirely coexisting with the arginine vasopressin. Staining of alternate mirror-image sections with RT97 (an antibody to neurofilament protein, and a marker for large light neurons) and with arginine vasopressin antiserum showed that the two were entirely complementary, thus establishing arginine vasopressin as a marker for all small dark neurons. Mirror-image staining also showed that neurons containing substance P-like immunoreactivity and those containing fluoride-resistant acid phosphatase activity were each contained within the arginine vasopressin-positive population. Arginine vasopressin-like immunoreactivity was axonally transported in the dorsal root and (in greater quantity) in sciatic nerve. Arginine vasopressin-like immunoreactivity was present also in laminae I and II of the dorsal horn of the spinal cord and this reactivity was absent in animals which had been treated neonatally with capsaicin, suggesting that it was contained in primary afferent terminals. These results are discussed in terms of their implications for the classification of primary afferent neurons and of a possible physiological role for arginine vasopressin in these neurons.
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PMID:A quantitative analysis of the interrelationships between subpopulations of rat sensory neurons containing arginine vasopressin or oxytocin and those containing substance P, fluoride-resistant acid phosphatase or neurofilament protein. 242 33

We have found that the inhibition of thyroxine-induced tail fin regression by prolactin in larval tiger salamanders is antagonized by oxytocin. Other workers have shown that prolactin blocks the rise in activity of several hydrolytic enzymes that occurs in regressing tissue during metamorphosis. Here, we examine the effects of prolactin and oxytocin--given alone and in combination--on tail fin regression and acid phosphatase specific activity in this tissue. Both long-term (12-day) and short-term (48-hr) treatment paradigms using prolactin and oxytocin are investigated. The results show that long-term prolactin treatment of metamorphosing larvae blocks fin regression and the rise in acid phosphatase specific activity seen in metamorphosing controls; short-term prolactin treatment of metamorphosing larvae inhibits fin regression within 48 hr, but does not block the rise in acid phosphatase activity seen in controls; oxytocin antagonizes the effects of prolactin on tail fin regression; and oxytocin treatment (long-term or short-term) of metamorphosing larvae causes an elevation of acid phosphatase activity above that seen in metamorphosing controls. With long-term treatment, this effect of oxytocin is slightly antagonized by prolactin; with short-term treatment, no antagonism is observed even though an effect of prolactin on fin height is still evident. We have interpreted these results as suggesting that the effect of prolactin on hydrolase activity is not a prerequisite for its inhibitory effect on fin regression to occur.
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PMID:Antagonistic effects of prolactin and oxytocin on tail fin regression and acid phosphatase activity in metamorphosing Ambystoma tigrinum. 395 90

(1) Capsaicin solution was applied for 15 min around a 1 cm length of sciatic nerve in the mid upper leg of adult rats. (2) Electron microscopic examinations of the nerve in the treated region after 14 days shows no signs of degeneration of either myelinated or unmyelinated fibres attributable to the capsaicin. (3) Fluoride resistant acid phosphatase FRAP disappears from the central terminals of the treated nerve by 7 days. (4) 1.5 mM capsaicin is sufficient to product a complete reduction of FRAP in the spinal cord. (5) The peptides substance P and cholecystokinin (CCK) are markedly depleted in the region of spinal cord terminations of the treated nerve at 14 days. (6) Substance P and CCk are not affected in spinal cord regions other than in the unmyelinated afferent terminal zone. Similarly neurotensin and neurophysin which are not present in afferent fibres are not influenced by capsaicin treatment of the sciatic. (7) It is concluded that there are chemical changes in the spinal cord terminals of fine afferents after local peripheral capsaicin.
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PMID:Effects of capsaicin applied locally to adult peripheral nerve. II. Anatomy and enzyme and peptide chemistry of peripheral nerve and spinal cord. 617 30

Rat sciatic nerves were treated with tetrodotoxin (TTX) for 4--10 days, by implanting a glass capillary tube filled with TTX into the nerve through the epineurium. Following this treatment the somatotopic organization of receptive fields in the L4 dorsal horn, an area of cord normally responding only to foot stimulation. The map was normal in animals treated with TTX. Dorsal horn levels of fluoride-resistant acid phosphatase, substance P, somatostatin, cholecystokinin-like peptide, neurotensin and neurophysin were also normal as assessed from density of staining. These results are discussed in the light of the positive changes that are seen following chronic sciatic nerve section.
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PMID:Chronic blockade of sciatic nerve transmission by tetrodotoxin does not produce central changes in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord of the rat. 628 71

This experiment consisted of the following treatment-breed groups: 1) White crossbred gilts, 2) White crossbred gilts treated with progesterone (200 mg/d in corn oil given on d 2 and 3 after estrus), and 3) Chinese Meishan gilts. Pregnant and nonpregnant gilts (n=3 to 6) from each treatment-breed combination were assigned to be slaughtered on d 10, 11, 12, 13, and 15. At slaughter each uterine horn was flushed with 20 mL of minimal essential medium. Uterine flushings were assayed for total protein, acid phosphatase, uteroferrin, retinol-binding protein, and oxytocin. Uterine flush total protein was increased by progesterone treatment, was unaffected by pregnancy status, and was less in Meishans. Similar patterns were found for retinol binding protein and uteroferrin, except that uteroferrin was greater in pregnant than in nonpregnant gilts. Oxytocin was greater in pregnant than in nonpregnant gilts, was not influenced by progesterone treatment, and was similar in Meishan and in White crossbred gilts. These results indicate that the conceptus does not influence secretion of either total protein or retinol binding protein during pregnancy and that the onset of secretion of these uterine proteins may be controlled by progesterone. The presence of the conceptus is associated with increased uteroferrin and oxytocin production. The decreased secretion of uterine proteins in Meishan gilts may partially explain the slower embryonic development that has been reported for this breed.
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PMID:Conceptus, progesterone, and breed effects on uterine protein secretion in swine. 981 7

Based on data accumulated regarding the neuroprotective action of Proline-Rich-Peptide-1 (PRP-1, a fragment of neurophysin vasopressin associated hypothalamic glycoprotein consisting of 15 amino acid residues) on neurons survival and axons regeneration and taking into the account that LVV-Hemorphin-7 (LVV-H7, an opioid peptide, widely distributed in different cell types of various tissues of intact rats, including those of the nervous and immune systems) derived from the proteolytic processing of hemoglobin in response to adverse environmental and physiological conditions, possesses the anti-stressor properties, we used histochemistry, immunohistochemistry and electrophysiology to investigate the putative neuroprotective action of Central Asian Cobra Naja naja oxiana snake venom (NOX) on trauma-injured rats. ABC immunohistochemical method and histochemical method on detection of Ca2+-dependent acid phosphatase activity were used for the morpho-functional study. By recording the electrical activity of the signals from the single neurons in and below the SC injury place, NOX venom has been shown to result in the complete restoration of hypothalamic-spinal projections originated from ipsi- and contra-lateral PVN and SON to neurons of SC lumbar part. NOX prevented the scar formation, well observed two months after SC injury in the control rats, resulted in the regeneration of nerve fibers growing through the trauma region, survival of the PRP-1- and LVV-H7-immunoreactive (Ir) neurons, and increase of the PRP-1 - and LVV-H7-Ir nerve fibers and astrocytes in the SC lesion region. NOX was suggested to exert the neuroprotective effect, involving the PRP-1 and LVV-H7 in the underlying mechanism of neuronal recovery.
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PMID:Protective action of snake venom Naja naja oxiana at spinal cord hemisection. 1745 Oct 57