Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P01178 (oxytocin)
 15,767 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Within 24-48 h after injection of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) into the neural lobe or into the median eminence of adult Japanese quail dense accumulations of its reaction product (HRP-RP) can be demonstrated in axons of the hypothalamo-hypophysial tract and in the magnocellular neurosecretory perikarya of the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei as well as in scattered neurons of the accessory hypothalamic neurosecretory nuclei. The HRP-RP-containing nerve fibers, which are beaded in appearance, occur prominently in the internal zone of the median eminence. They turn dorsally at its anterior border to become widely distributed in the retrochiasmatic region and extended to the paraventricular, supraoptic areas. These observations confirm more directly conclusions drawn earlier from Gomori-type preparations and from immunologic demonstration of arginine vasotocin, mesotocin and neurophysin. HRP-RP was also found in perikarya of parvocellular secretory neurons in the infundibular nucleus 48 h after injection of HRP into the median eminence but not after injection into the pars nervosa. This provides direct evidence that a conspicuous component of the tubero-infundibular tract is formed by axons of tuberal neurons that originate from the infundibular nucleus and pass directly into the median eminence.
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PMID:The hypothalamic neurosecretory systems of the Japanese quail as revealed by retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase. 8 85

During secretion of the neurohypophysial hormones, oxytocin and vasopressin, secretory granule membrane is added to the plasma membrane of the axon terminals. It is generally assumed that subsequent internalization of this additional membrane occurs by endocytosis. In order to study this process, we have traced the uptake of intravenously injected horseradish peroxidase by neurohypophysial axons in rats and golden hamsters. Peroxidase reaction product within the secretory axons was found mainly in vacuolar and C-shaped structures of a size comparable with or larger than the neurosecretory granules. Our observations suggest that these large horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-impregnated vacuoles arise directly by a form of macropinocytosis. Morphometric analysis indicated that this form of membrane retrieval increased significantly after the two types of stimuli used, reversible hemorrhage and electrical stimulation of the pituitary stalk. Microvesicular uptake of HRP was found to be comparatively less.
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PMID:Secretion-related uptake of horseradish peroxidase in neurohypophysial axons. 18 85

Immunohistochemical procedures were used to localize neurophysin in the hypothalamo-neurohypophysial axis of the domestic pig. The topographical distribution of neurophysin as revealed by the immunofluorescence "sandwich" technique was similar to that found when either the immunoglobulin-peroxidase bridge method or the peroxidase-labeled gamma-globulin technique was employed. However, application of the peroxidase-anti-peroxidase (PAP) complex procedure resulted in nonspecific staining of the magnocellular structures. This phenomenon was attributed to the action of PAP on the tissue and after screening a number of other vertebrate species was found to be unique to the pig. Minimal nonspecific binding of the PAP could be achieved either by reducing the reaction time of PAP to 5 min or, by the addition of 1% (v/v) normal serum to all reagents and wash solution. That the PAP-binding protein is a component of the hypothalamo-neurohypophysial axons is discussed.
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PMID:Precautions in the application of immunohistochemical techniques to tissues of the pig hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system. 31 65

With the use of the unlabeled antibody peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) technique at the light microscopic level, it was shown that the preoptico-hypophysial neurosecretory system of the adult migrating Lampetra fluviatilis is a vasotocinergic system. It does not synthesize vasopressin. The results are entirely consistent with earlier chromatographic and pharmacological indications thatit produces little or no oxytocin-like peptide hormone. In the adenohypophysis, immunoreactive neurohypophysial peptidergic fibres are absent.
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PMID:Immunocytochemical demonstration of thehypothalamo-hypophysial vasotocinergic system of Lampetra fluviatilis. 31 7

The human hypothalamic-neurohypophysial hormone-producing nuclei were investigated with the unlabeled antibody peroxidase-antiperoxidase complex (PAP) technique at the light microscopic level. The size, shape and location of the supraoptic, paraventricular, accessory supraoptic and suprachiasmatic nuclei were determined. It was demonstrated in the human hypothalamus, as well as in the hypothalamus of other mammals, that vasopressin and oxytocin are synthesized in separate neurons. In each of the nuclei of the magnocellular neurosecretory system, the distribution, ratios and structural features of the vasopressinergic and oxytocinergic neurons were determined. It was shown that the human suprachiasmatic nuclei contain numerous neurophysin-vasopressin-producing neurons.
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PMID:Immunocytochemical localization of the vasopressinergic and the oxytocinergic neurons in the human hypothalamus. 33 17

The activated hypothalamic magnocellular neurosecretory system of the rat was studied in tissue sections, double stained with the unlabeled antibody peroxidase-antiperoxidase complex (PAP) technique. The results indicate that in animals with an activated hypothalamic magnocellular neuroendocrine system, as well as in normal animals, vasopressin and oxytocin are exclusively synthesized in separate vasopressinergic and oxytocinergic neurons.
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PMID:The activated hypothalamic magnocellular neurosecretory system and the one neuron--one neurohypophysial hormone concept. 38 51

Electron microscopic immunocytochemical localization of neurophysin in the hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system of mice has been studied by using the pre-embedding staining approach to the unlabeled antibody-enzyme technique of Sternberger. In supraoptic cell bodies, peroxidase-antiperoxidase reaction product was localized within cisternae of the nuclear envelope, rough endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi saccules but not in GERL (Golgi-associated smooth endoplasmic reticulum from which lysosomes arise). Reaction product was also present in secondary lysosomes. Secretory granules in supraoptic perikarya and posterior pituitary Herring bodies were likewise immunoreactive. These findings with the unlabeled antibody-enzyme technique provide conclusive evidence for the localization of an antigen within cellular organelles associated with protein synthesis and packaging.
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PMID:Localization of neurophysin within organelles associated with protein synthesis and packaging in the hypothalamoneurohypophysial system: an immunocytochemical study. 39 13

Using rabbit antisera to porcine neurophysin, the immunohistological unlabelled-antibody-peroxidase technique was applied to brains of man, rat, quail, pigeon, tortoise, frog, two cyprinid fishes, sturgeon and lamprey as well as to the urophysis of carp and the brain of the cockroach. In each of the investigated vertebrate speices the magnocellular neurosecretory system is immunoreactive, known to give a specific reaction for neurosecretory material by means of appropriate histological and histochemical methods, too. Moreover, in the rat brain we found immunoreactive material in neurons of the suprachiasmatic nucleus, in the parvocellular part of the paraventricular nucleus, in fibres of the external region of the median eminence and in neurosecretory exohypothalamic fibres. The subcommissural organ and Reissner's fibre as well as the urophysis of the fish spinal cord and neurosecretory cells of the insect brain are devoid of neurophysin or neurophysin-like substances.
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PMID:Immunohistological identification of neurophysin and neurophysin-like substances in different vertebrates. 79 40

Using the unlabeled antibody peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) technique at the light microscopic level, it was demonstrated that, in the amphibian magnocellular hypothalamo-hypophysial neurosecretory system, vasotocin and mesotocin are synthesized in separate neurons. A tendency to preferential location of the two kinds of neuronal perikarya is described. The neurosecretory perikarya are the origin of separate vasotocinergic and mesotocinergic axons. In the neural lobe, the pattern of distribution of the two types of axons is different. The coarse ventricular "dendrites" of both kinds of neurons are hormone-containing processes. Staining with anti-bovine neurophysin I serum suggested that the vasotocinergic and the mesotocinergic neurons synthesize different neurophysins.
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PMID:Immunocytochemical demonstration of separate vasotocinergic and mesotocinergic neurons in the amphibian hypothalamic magnocellular neurosecretory system. 82 19

By means of the unlabeled antibody peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) technique at the electron microscopic level, it was demonstrated that the hormones of the neural lobe of the rat hypophysis are located in separate neurophysin-vasopressinergic and neurophysin-oxytocinergic nerve fibres. These observations confirm the results of our previous immunocytochemical studies at the light microscopic level.
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PMID:Electron microscopic immunocytochemical demonstration of separate neurophysin-vasopressinergic and neurophysin-oxytocinergic nerve fibres in the neural lobe of the rat hypophysis. 96 34


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