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Query: UNIPROT:P01178 (oxytocin)
 15,767 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Postpartum hemorrhage is a common and serious complication of the third stage of labor resulting in anemia and increased morbidity in the puerperium. Administration of uterotonic drugs and suitable mechanical assistance in delivery of the placenta may significantly reduce this hazard. Ergometrine and oxytocin have been used for a long time in markedly different doses and by various routes of administration with varying success. In order to compare these two oxytocics with regard to their hemostatic effects as well as their possible interference with the physiologic placental separation mechanism, three groups (ergometrine, oxytocin, and control) of women have been studied during a 2-year period. Ergometrine (0.2 mg) and oxytocin (10 IU) administered in the stated doses and as single intravenous injections are comparable with regard to hemostatic efficiency, but oxytocin seems to promote placental separation and expulsion better and thereby reduces the risk of partial retention and trapping with bleeding reguiring further emergency measures as a frequent consequence.
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PMID:Active pharmacologic management of the third stage of labor. A comparison of oxytocin and ergometrine. 31 May 30

The effects of prostaglandin F2 alpha on uterine contractility were compared with the effects of oxytocin and ergometrine. All patients had an intrauterine death. 5 patients were induced with prostaglandin F2 alpha, given intraamniotically in low doses, starting with 125 micrograms. Doses were increased in relation to uterine activity. 5 other patients were induced by intravenous administration of oxytocin and ergometrine. Uterine pressure was monitored by a transabdominal open-tip catheter system. Results were quantitated in tonus (mm Hg), amplitude (mm Hg), frequency (number of contractions per 10 min), Montevideo units, active and total pressure areas per 20 min. Possible biochemical and coagulation changes were controlled before, during and after induction. Changes did not occur. Intermittent increasing small doses of PGF2 alpha increased uterine activity exponentially. Hypertonia persisting longer than 5 min was seldom seen with oxytocin or with PGF2 alpha. Ergometrine increased frequency of uterine contractions, without influencing tonus, probably due to a specific effect on the 'archemyometrium'. The induction-delivery interval was shorter in the PGF2 alpha group (range: 6-15 h) than in the oxytocin group (range: 7-24 h). In the latter group more inductions were necessary to complete delivery. Using PGF2 alpha in these small doses did not cause any side effects. With the intraamniotic injections, starting with 125 micrograms PGF2 alpha, clinical results are the same as those reported in the literature for high doses.
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PMID:Intermittent low-dose administration of prostaglandins intraamniotically in pathological pregnancies. A comparison with oxytocin and ergometrine. 105 24

Ergometrine and ergometrine combined with oxytocin were used during assisted delivery for respectively 65 and 60 labours associated with a risk of hemorrhage. Both these substances have a remarkable hemostatic action, though that of ergometrine combined with oxytocin was found to be superior.
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PMID:[A comparative study of 2 uterotonic drugs during assisted delivery. Ergometrine versus ergometrine combined with oxytocin]. 143 74

In 103 women admitted for out-patient vaginal terminations of pregnancy, the relation was investigated between the use of ecbolics and blood loss, vomiting and other side effects. Patient self-rating was incorporated in the study for comparative purposes. Use of a combined preparation of oxytocin and ergometrine resulted in the lowest blood losses. Ergometrine administered alone was associated with immediate nausea and vomiting but no delayed effects. Seven days after abortion, 35% of the women were still complaining of vaginal bleeding, although in most the volume was low.
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PMID:Choice of ecbolic and the morbidity of day-case terminations of pregnancy. 728 81

Suction termination of pregnancy was performed in 276 patients as an out-patient procedure under general anaesthesia. Ergometrine, oxytocin, or sterile water were given with the induction of anaesthesia. There was no significant difference in blood loss in the three treatment groups, although blood loss in termination of pregnancy performed after eight weeks was increased in all three groups. Nausea, vomiting and abdominal pain occurred significantly more often after ergometrine compared to oxytocin or water.
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PMID:Blood loss and side effects in day case abortion. 729 2

Parenteral ergometrine is widely used for the prevention and treatment of excessive uterine bleeding following birth. Unfortunately, in tropical climates it is often found to contain very little active ingredient: only 32 of 100 field samples from Bangladesh, Gambia, Malawi, Yemen and Zimbabwe contained 90-110% of the amount of active ingredient stated on the label, and 34 contained less than 60%. In this paper the results of nine studies, of which eight were initiated and coordinated by WHO, are reviewed to formulate answers to the following questions: (1) what is the extent of the problem of low potency of ergometrine in tropical climates; (2) is the problem due to instability or low initial quality, or both; (3) which practical measures can assure the quality of injectable ergometrine; and (4) are there any alternative drugs which are more stable? Injectable ergometrine is very unstable under tropical conditions and particularly if stored unrefrigerated and exposed to light, when it may loose up to 20% of its potency per month. However, there are differences between brands. Practical measures to assure the quality of injectable ergometrine therefore include a careful supplier selection and refrigerated storage. Ergometrine injection should always be protected from light until given to the patient. Loss of active ingredient can easily be detected by regular visual checks of the colour of the solution. Any discoloration implies that the solution contains less than 90% of the stated amount of active ingredient, and should not be used. Methylergometrine is no more stable than ergometrine. Parenteral oxytocin is more stable than both ergometrine and methylergometrine injection. Oral and buccal dosage forms are less stable than injections. In view of the better stability in tropical climates, similar cost, fewer side effects and comparative efficacy, parenteral oxytocin, rather than parenteral ergometrine, is the drug of choice in the prevention and treatment of postpartum haemorrhage.
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PMID:Instability of (methyl)ergometrine in tropical climates: an overview. 890 53

In an effort to study blood loss after Termination of pregnancy 190 1st trimester medical termination cases were divided into 3 groups: 1) a control group (70 patients) where no oxytocic agent was used; 2) a Syntocinon group (60 patients) where 10 units of Synotocin diluted in glucose was given; and 3) a Methergin group (60 patients) who received .2 mgm of Methyl Ergonovine. Results indicated that blood loss was twice as high in the control group as in the Methergin group. When oxytocics were used no patient had blood loss of more than 250 ml compared to 1.43% of patients in the control group who lost more than 250 ml. As gestation increased to 11-12 weeks blood loss also increased in the control group to 17 times more than at 4-6 weeks loss, 15 times more in the Syntocinon group and 11.5 times more in Ergometrine. No statistically signficant difference in amount of blood loss between the Oxytocin and Erogemetrine group could be found. However Ergometrine use increased blood pressure and vomiting.
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PMID:The influence of oxytocics on the blood loss in first trimester medical termination of pregnancies. 1233 38

Postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) is the most common reason why mothers die in childbirth worldwide. Although most healthy women can cope well with blood loss after birth, some do not, and this can pose a serious risk to their health and even life. To reduce blood loss after birth, the routine administration of a drug to contract the uterus (uterotonic) has become standard practice across the world. This research seeks to identify which is the most effective and cost-effective drug. Different drugs have been used for reducing the occurrence of PPH. They include oxytocin, misoprostol, ergometrine, carbetocin, and combinations of these drugs, each with different effectiveness and side effects. The study synthesised the available evidence to compare all of these drugs and combinations thereof. After putting the results of all available comparisons together in a network, a ranking among them was calculated, and provided robust effectiveness and side-effect profiles for each drug and their associated costs. The study included 137 randomised trials, involving a total of 87,466 women. The results suggested that ergometrine plus oxytocin, carbetocin and misoprostol plus oxytocin are the most effective strategies for preventing PPH and are more effective than the currently recommended drug, oxytocin. Each of these three strategies had almost 100% probability of being ranked first, second or third most effective. Oxytocin was ranked fourth with an almost 0% probability of being ranked in the top three. Ergometrine plus oxytocin and misoprostol plus oxytocin were the worst drug combinations for side effects, with carbetocin having the most favourable side-effect profile. Carbetocin could prevent approximately one further event of PPH out of three in comparison with oxytocin. However, existing carbetocin studies were small and of poor quality. There is need for a large high-quality study comparing carbetocin with the current standard treatment of oxytocin for the prevention of PPH. The cost analyses of the alternative drug strategies remain inconclusive.
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PMID:Uterotonic drugs to prevent postpartum haemorrhage: a network meta-analysis. 3082 83