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Query: UNIPROT:P01178 (oxytocin)
 15,767 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The purpose of this study was to determine possible genotoxic and cytotoxic (or mitogenic) effects of high concentrations of oxytocin, active component of Syntocinon in cultures of human peripheral blood lymphocytes. Two test systems were used: (1) analysis of numerical and structural chromosome aberrations, and (2) the in vitro sister chromatid exchange (SCE) test. On the basis of the results obtained it can be concluded that oxytocin does not express any genotoxical properties. Furthermore, the mitotic index did not change significantly.
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PMID:In vitro cytogenetic analysis of the effects of oxytocin on human peripheral blood lymphocytes. 884 95

Increase in survival of spinal cord injured (SCI) women, society's acceptance that their lives should be similar to those of non-disabled women and their better general health are increasing the number of SCI women who become pregnant and will be delivered of a child. Vaginal delivery is preferred. Any SCI woman whose level is at T6 or higher is at risk for acute autonomic hyperreflexia as a result of uterine contractions. If induction is with Pitocin/Oxytocin, the risk is even greater. Communication with the woman's obstetrician is essential. The patient should be provided with a packet of information to share with the obstetrician. This should be followed with a phone call from the SCI physician to the obstetrician. Effective management includes epidural anesthesia; vacuum extraction is helpful in the expulsion stage. Episiotomy is usually not needed since the pelvic floor is relaxed. In addition, there is an increased incidence of dehiscence since SCI women should be mobilized early and need to transfer in and out of a wheelchair. Blood pressure needs to be taken during the peak of contraction. This needs to be compared to prenatal blood pressures. If prenatal blood pressure is 80/60 or 90/60 but during contraction is 130/80 with a pounding headache, that indicates autonomic hyperreflexia which is an indication for epidural anesthesia. With improvement of acute care and more effective rehabilitation, pregnancy and delivery in spinal cord injured (SCI) women will occur more frequently. No one has any great experience with this situation and most articles report only a few cases. Even the report by Goller and Paeslack4 dealt with 175 cases from 42 centers in 24 countries. Most women were paraplegic and several who were injured early in their pregnancy had abnormal babies (possibly due to x-rays taken for spinal injury). Our spinal cord injury staff were pleased when we had two tetraplegic patients who were pregnant. It helped confirm our belief that life and its functions continue after paralysis. Staff members were involved in prenatal care, were present during delivery and were involved with postnatal care. Even more important is the fact that rehabilitation from the start was oriented with child care in mind. Occupational therapists used their skills and imagination to develop a program for newborn baby care by the tetraplegic mother.
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PMID:Pregnancy and delivery in tetraplegic women. 926 86

As in eutherians, maturation of the fetal pituitary and adrenal glands together with an increase in prostaglandin and mesotocin or oxytocin production initiates birth in marsupials. In this study, prostaglandin (Lutalyse) or oxytocin (Syntocinon) were administered to pregnant bandicoots at 05:00 h on the calculated day of birth and the resultant effects were filmed for analysis. The administration of prostaglandin caused the bandicoot to adopt the birth position several minutes after injection (n = 2). However, the bandicoot did not give birth for several hours. Birth occurred at a similar time of day to that observed for untreated bandicoots (n = 7), between 08:00 h and 12:00 h. After an injection of oxytocin, the bandicoot assumed the birth position and birth occurred within several minutes. The young were alive while still connected to their allantoic stalks. However, they were unable to attach to the teats and did not survive (n = 4). The induced young were the colour of venous blood and died soon after the umbilicus was separated, indicating that the cardiopulmonary system of these neonates was underdeveloped and inadequate to maintain life. The results from this study demonstrate that prostaglandin is required to prepare the bandicoot for birth, and mesotocin is required for contraction of the uterus and for birth to occur.
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PMID:Induction of birth in the bandicoot (Isoodon macrourus) with prostaglandin and oxytocin. 1186 97

In an effort to study blood loss after Termination of pregnancy 190 1st trimester medical termination cases were divided into 3 groups: 1) a control group (70 patients) where no oxytocic agent was used; 2) a Syntocinon group (60 patients) where 10 units of Synotocin diluted in glucose was given; and 3) a Methergin group (60 patients) who received .2 mgm of Methyl Ergonovine. Results indicated that blood loss was twice as high in the control group as in the Methergin group. When oxytocics were used no patient had blood loss of more than 250 ml compared to 1.43% of patients in the control group who lost more than 250 ml. As gestation increased to 11-12 weeks blood loss also increased in the control group to 17 times more than at 4-6 weeks loss, 15 times more in the Syntocinon group and 11.5 times more in Ergometrine. No statistically signficant difference in amount of blood loss between the Oxytocin and Erogemetrine group could be found. However Ergometrine use increased blood pressure and vomiting.
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PMID:The influence of oxytocics on the blood loss in first trimester medical termination of pregnancies. 1233 38

A synthetic oxytocin, Syntocinon(R), was used in 3,342 obstetrical patients for a wide variety of indications. It was concluded that the preparation is as effective as natural oxytocin.(1) There were no side effects observed, particularly vasospasm or anaphylactic reaction. Its use in clinical obstetrics can be recommended provided there is a proper indication for its use and the need for close supervision and individual adjustment of dosage is recognized.
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PMID:Synthetic oxytocin. 1440 72

Valyl(3)-oxytocin has similar circulatory effects in man to those of Syntocinon (synthetic oxytocin). On intravenous administration, it caused a rise in limb blood flow and in pulse rate and a fall in blood pressure. It had a direct vasodilator effect on limb blood vessels. Valyl(3)-oxytocin was 1.5 to 2 times more potent than Syntocinon in terms of its circulatory effect in man. The circulatory effects of valyl(3)-oxytocin were less readily antagonized by vasopressin than are those of Syntocinon.
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PMID:Comparison of effects of valyl(3)-oxytocin and syntocinon on the cardiovascular system of man. 1440 99

Synthetic oxytocin (Syntocinon) can be shown to reduce or abolish ST-T changes induced experimentally by hypoxaemia alone, by hypoxaemia and ergometrine, by vasopressin, and by a new procedure involving injection of small doses of picrotoxin into the lateral cerebral ventricle. Ventricular fibrillation induced by picrotoxin can also be reversed by oxytocin. These effects suggest a probable metabolic action of oxytocin against cardiac anoxic changes, and its possible therapeutic usefulness as an antagonist of myocardial ischaemia. It is speculated that this might be a physiological action of the hormone.
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PMID:Synthetic oxytocin as an antagonist of experimental cardiac anoxic changes in rabbits. 1447 82

Oxytocin (Syntocinon, Sandoz Pharmaceuticals) is a commonly used drug in the modern management of labour. A recently published British survey found that 38% of low risk primigravid labours were augmented, most commonly by intravenous syntocinon. Unfortunately the misuse of syntocinon can lead to potentially serious problems for the fetus and mother. Despite the frequency of usage there appears to be no consensus as to the optimal dose and mode of administration. This paper explores the extent of this variation among Scottish obstetric units, the reasons for any variation in its use and makes some suggestions as to the way forward based on the current literature.
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PMID:Variations in oxytocin regimes in Scottish labour wards in 1998. 1551 41

A single stability-indicating assay for oxytocin (OT) in pharmaceutical dosage forms using gradient elution over 21 min has been reported in the literature. Furthermore, published and compendial methods for the analysis of OT containing dosage forms also involve using HPLC with gradient elution and complicated mobile phases that include hydrophobic ion pairing agents. A simple isocratic and stability-indicating assay was developed and validated. The conditions are as follows, column: Phenomenex C18 Hypersil, 5 microm packing, 4.6 mm x 150 mm with acetonitrile-phosphate buffer (pH 5; 0.08 M) (20:80) as the mobile phase with UV detection at 220 nm The method was found to be specific for OT in the presence of degradation products and chlorbutol (preservative) with an overall analytical run time of 16 min. Accuracy was determined to be 0.77-1.18% bias for all samples tested. Intra-assay precision (repeatability) was found to be 0.22-1.04%R.S.D. while the inter-day precision (intermediate precision) was found to be 1.27-1.68%R.S.D. for the samples studied. The calibration curve was found to be linear with the equation y = 1.81x + 0.02 and a linear regression coefficient of 0.9991 over the range 0.4-12.0 IU/ml. The LOD and the LOQ were determined to be 0.1 and 0.4 IU/ml, respectively. Syntocinon, a commercially available dosage form of OT was assayed resulting in 100.5-106.6% recovery of the label claim and an average of 10.04 IU/ml.
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PMID:Development and validation of a stability-indicating analytical method for the quantitation of oxytocin in pharmaceutical dosage forms. 1692 Mar 23

Pitocin, a synthetic form of the hormone oxytocin, is a high-alert medication that heightens patient harm when used incorrectly. This investigation examined the outcomes of an evidence-based Pitocin administration checklist used for labor augmentation at a tertiary-level hospital. Data came from patient records. Using the Perinatal Trigger Tool, N = 372 clinical records (n = 194 prior to and n = 178 following checklist implementation) were reviewed. Checklist implementation resulted in statistically significant reductions in the duration of hospitalization (1.72 vs. 2.02 days, p = .0005), presence of meconium (23.7% vs. 6.7%, p < .001), maternal fevers (7.2% vs. 2.3%, p = .030), and episiotomies (8.8% vs. 1.7%, p = .002), and clinically important reduction in APGAR scores < 7 at 5 min (3.6%-0.6%, p = .069) and instrumented deliveries (11.9%-8.4%, p = .307). A universal Pitocin checklist implementation can improve birth outcomes and costs of care.
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PMID:Outcomes of the Evidence-Based Pitocin Administration Checklist at a Tertiary-Level Hospital. 2434 8


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