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Query: UNIPROT:P01178 (oxytocin)
 15,767 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A study was conducted on 40 buffalo-cows, assigned randomly, immediately after calving into three groups: group I (n = 10) injected with saline and taken as control; group II (n = 15) received 25 mg PGF2 alpha/animal (Lutalyse); group III (n = 15) received 25 mg PGF2 alpha + 25 i.u. oxytocin/animal (Syntocinon), single i.m. dose. Oxytocin and/or PGF2 alpha significantly (P less than 0.01) shortened the interval from calving to first service (38.33 and 31.53 days for groups II and III respectively, versus 91.60 days for controls). The treatment reduced the service period (38.29 and 35.87 days for groups II and III respectively, versus 45.40 days for controls). Concomitantly a significant (P less than 0.01) decrease in the open-days post partum was achieved (76.62 and 67.40 days for groups II and III respectively, versus 137.00 days for controls). In addition, the treated buffaloes needed significantly (P less than 0.01) fewer services per conception (1.67 and 1.20 S/C for groups II and III respectively) than the untreated ones (2.70 S/C), besides a substantial improvement (P less than 0.01) in their conception rate either at 60 or 85 days post partum. Significantly improved (P less than 0.05) results were obtained in the oxytocin and PGF2 alpha treated animals, than in those receiving PGF2 alpha alone for all the previous parameters, except for the service period. Buffaloes therefore seemed to respond better to such treatment than dairy cows.
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PMID:Role of oxytocin and/or PGF2 alpha on breeding efficiency in buffaloes. 227 15

Oxytocin (OT), progesterone and prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) concentrations were measured in the utero-ovarian vein (UOV) of ewes which displayed persistence of the corpus luteum (CL). During the period of expected luteolysis, the frequency of OT and PGF2 alpha pulses in the UOV was significantly (P less than 0.005 for both) lower in ewes with persistent CLs, compared with ewes that underwent normal luteal regression. In contrast, the amplitude of both OT and PGF2 alpha pulses was similar in both groups of animals. It is suggested that persistence of the CL resulted from a decreased PGF2 alpha pulse frequency, which may have arisen from a decreased frequency of stimulation by OT. In two persistent CL ewes, however, it appeared that a failure at the level of the uterus may have contributed to the observed decrease in PGF2 alpha release. Although a PGF2 alpha analogue (Lutalyse) infusion into the uterine vein of two ewes with persistent CLs failed to induced luteolysis, it did stimulate a large release of OT into the UOV. This suggests that persistent CLs maybe more resistant to PGF2 alpha and, that at day 22 post-oestrus, these CLs are capable of releasing large quantities of OT into the UOV.
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PMID:Prostaglandin F2 alpha and oxytocin release during persistence of the corpus luteum in sheep. 347 51

Five patients with severe postpartum hemorrhage due to uterine atony and unresponsive to oxytocin, ergonovine, and massage were treated with intramyometrial injection of 250 micrograms of prostaglandin (15S)-15-methyl PGF2 alpha-Tham. Four patients received 2 injections (500 micrograms), and 1 patient required 1 injection (250 micrograms). Three (60%) of 5 patients responded successfully with an increase in uterine tone and cessation of uterine hemorrhage, thus obviating the need for hysterectomy. Two patients had no uterine response, possibly because of delayed use of the drug, excessive blood loss, and accompanying shock; they required hysterectomy. Intramyometrial injection of prostaglandin is an effective and safe method of managing severe postpartum hemorrhage unresponsive to oxytocin and ergonovine, but it must be used early during the management of atony to obtain maximum effect. This method should precede surgical management of uterine atony.
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PMID:Control of postpartum uterine atony by intramyometrial prostaglandin. 697 27

We have previously shown that prostaglandin F2alpha (PG) is capable of inducing nest-building behaviour in pseudopregnant gilts and established a protocol. This experiment examined which reproductive endocrine systems might mediate these behavioural responses, in the presence or absence of a space restriction stress. Pseudopregnancy was induced with 5 mg/day i.m. (intramuscular) injections of oestradiol valerate (OV) on Days 11-15 of the oestrous cycle, jugular vein catheters were placed on Day 39 of pseudopregnancy, and blood samples were collected daily from Day 40 to Day 48. On Day 42, gilts were either space restricted to farrowing crates 1.6 x 0.6 m (C: n = 11) or left in pens 2.8 x 1.74 m (P: n = 11). On Day 47, blood samples were collected from all animals every 15 min from 90 min prior to a single i.m. injection of 15 mg of prostaglandin F2alpha (PG: Lutalyse, Upjohn, Crowley, West Sussex) to 120 min post-PG and then hourly for 4 h and assayed for oxytocin, prolactin, progesterone, and oestradiol. Results showed that mean daily concentrations of prolactin and progesterone were significantly lower (p < 0.05 respectively) in C than P gilts from Day 42 to Day 46 of pseudopregnancy. There were no significant differences in mean daily concentrations of oxytocin and oestradiol between C and P gilts during this time. For both groups, oxytocin, prolactin, and progesterone concentrations increased significantly (p < 0.05) post-PG when compared to their respective pre-PG values. However, for both groups, oestradiol concentrations were unaffected by PG injection. The prostaglandin-induced increases in oxytocin, prolactin, and progesterone concentrations did not differ between groups. We conclude that coincident changes in oestradiol secretion does not influence nesting behaviour and that space restriction stress associated with nest-building does not influence secretion of oxytocin, prolactin, oestradiol, or progesterone.
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PMID:Prostaglandin F2alpha-induced nest-building in pseudopregnant pigs. II. Space restriction stress does not influence secretion of oxytocin, prolactin, oestradiol or progesterone. 933 3

Nest-building behaviour occurs 6-24 h before parturition in pigs (gestation=116 days). Pseudopregnancy in pigs (induced with oestradiol valerate injections) lasts 50-80 days. We have shown that prostaglandin F2alpha (PG) administration on day 47 of pseudopregnancy induces nest-building and changes to plasma prolactin, oxytocin, cortisol and progesterone similar to those seen before normal parturition. Peripheral prolactin has been proposed as a modulator of nest-building. This study assessed nest-building behaviour in prolactin-deprived gilts. Jugular vein catheters were inserted on day 39 of pseudopregnancy and blood samples collected daily from days 40-48. Animals were injected im with either 40 mg bromocriptine in 2 ml 70% ethanol (n=8) or vehicle (n=7) at 17.00 h on day 46 and 09.00 h on day 47 of pseudopregnancy. PG (15 mg Lutalyse: Upjohn) was injected im at 11.00 h on day 47. Blood and behavioural samples were taken from 90 min before PG to 6 h post-PG. Plasma prolactin increased in control but not bromocriptine treated animals following PG (P<0.05). Elevations in oxytocin, cortisol and progesterone (P<0.05) above pre-PG concentrations were also seen, but of these only progesterone showed between group differences [greater (P<0.05) in control gilts on both days 47 and 48]. PG significantly (P<0.05) increased both the rate and proportion of total time spent performing straw/floor-directed behaviours not including foraging (an index of nesting behaviour) in both treatment groups with no significant differences between groups. There were also no significant differences between groups in time spent performing pen fixture directed activities before or after PG. Bromocriptine suppressed the rise in prolactin concentrations after PG without suppressing nest-building behaviour. We conclude that peripheral prolactin is not an essential component of the nest-building complex in pigs.
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PMID:Does prolactin mediate induced nest-building behaviour in pseudopregnant gilts treated with PGF2alpha? 972 12

This study examined the role of oestrogen supplementation on PGF2alpha-induced nest-building in pseudopregnant gilts. Oestradiol valerate (5 mg/day) injections were given on Days 11-15 of the oestrous cycle to induce pseudopregnancy. A further series of injections of either oestradiol valerate (5 mg/day) or vehicle were given on days 44-46 of pseudopregnancy to reflect more closely the hormone profile seen in pregnancy. Nest-building was induced by a single intramuscular injection of 15 mg of PGF2alpha (Lutalyse) on Day 47 of pseudopregnancy. The gilts were housed in pens (2.8 x 1.7 m) containing straw in experiment 1 or chronically confined in crates (0.6 x 1.7 m) that did not contain straw on days 44-48 of pseudopregnancy for experiment 2. Oestrogen supplemented gilts had significantly higher concentrations of circulating 17beta-oestradiol on day 47 of pseudopregnancy but there were no significant differences between treatments for circulating levels of prolactin, progesterone, cortisol or oxytocin, or for any behavioural measure in either experiment. These results indicate that there is no direct effect of supplementing already pseudopregnant gilts with oestradiol valerate on PGF2alpha-induced nest-building. The results also show that the pre-partum environment has a pronounced effect on nest-building behaviours and that non-pregnant pigs might be a useful model for pre-partum nest-building in this species.
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PMID:Effects of oestrogen supplementation and space restriction on PGF2alpha-induced nest-building in pseudopregnant gilts. 1037 76

As in eutherians, maturation of the fetal pituitary and adrenal glands together with an increase in prostaglandin and mesotocin or oxytocin production initiates birth in marsupials. In this study, prostaglandin (Lutalyse) or oxytocin (Syntocinon) were administered to pregnant bandicoots at 05:00 h on the calculated day of birth and the resultant effects were filmed for analysis. The administration of prostaglandin caused the bandicoot to adopt the birth position several minutes after injection (n = 2). However, the bandicoot did not give birth for several hours. Birth occurred at a similar time of day to that observed for untreated bandicoots (n = 7), between 08:00 h and 12:00 h. After an injection of oxytocin, the bandicoot assumed the birth position and birth occurred within several minutes. The young were alive while still connected to their allantoic stalks. However, they were unable to attach to the teats and did not survive (n = 4). The induced young were the colour of venous blood and died soon after the umbilicus was separated, indicating that the cardiopulmonary system of these neonates was underdeveloped and inadequate to maintain life. The results from this study demonstrate that prostaglandin is required to prepare the bandicoot for birth, and mesotocin is required for contraction of the uterus and for birth to occur.
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PMID:Induction of birth in the bandicoot (Isoodon macrourus) with prostaglandin and oxytocin. 1186 97

This study was performed to quantify the effect of hormone addition to semen using a low-fertility model to evaluate its effectiveness and mode of action. At 24 h after the onset of estrus, all gilts received a single low-dose AI (0.5 x 10(9) sperm/80 mL) with no hormone (control, C), estrogens (E, 11.5 microg), PGF2alpha (PG, 5 mg of Lutalyse), or oxytocin (OT, 4 IU), which were then evaluated for semen backflow (n = 48), oviductal and uterine sperm numbers (n = 28), uterine contractions (n = 12), pregnancy rate (PR, n = 120), and number of fetuses (n = 67). In Exp. 1, backflow of semen from the uterus was collected for 8 h after AI, whereas PR and fetuses were assessed at d 25 to 30 after AI. In Exp. 2, backflow was collected and reproductive tracts flushed to determine sperm numbers in the oviducts and the anterior segments of the uterus. In Exp. 3, sows were monitored for uterine contractions for 1 h before AI and for 2 h after AI. In Exp. 1, there was a treatment x time interaction for fluid loss (P < 0.001), but by 8 h after AI, there was no difference in the total volume (70 +/- 1 mL) of semen lost between hormone treatments (85%) compared to controls (90%). There was also a treatment x time interaction (P < 0.05) for number of sperm lost in the backflow (2.1 +/- 0.1 x 10(8)), but by 8 h following AI, there was no effect on total sperm lost for the hormone treatments (38%) compared to C (54%). There was a trend (P = 0.10) for increased numbers of sperm in the uteri of hormone-treated gilts (6.0 +/- 1.3 x 10(4)) compared with C gilts (2.2 +/- 1.3 x 10(4), but there was no effect of treatment on sperm numbers in the oviducts (3.2 +/- 1.3 x 10(4)). Within 0.5 h of AI, there was an increase in the frequency of contractions for PG compared with the other treatments (14.2 vs. 6.3/h, P < 0.005), however there was no effect on amplitude (54 mmHg) or duration (35 s) of contractions. The PR was not influenced by treatment and averaged 54% (P > 0.60), but total numbers of healthy fetuses were increased (P < 0.04) by PG (8.7) and tended (P = 0.06) to be increased for OT (8.4), but not for E (7.2) compared to C (5.8). Hormone addition to semen increased numbers of fetuses and this may be related to an alteration in the pattern of fluid and sperm loss after AI and a tendency for increased numbers of sperm in the anterior segment of the uterus. Therefore, in situations of lowered fertility, hormone addition could be a strategy to limit infertility in swine.
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PMID:Influence of hormone supplementation to extended semen on artificial insemination, uterine contractions, establishment of a sperm reservoir, and fertility in swine. 1272 68