Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P01178 (oxytocin)
 15,767 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effect of delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) on suckling-induced oxytocin release was investigated by recording intramammary pressure changes in suckled rats treated iv with THC (0.5 mg/kg BW) or vehicle. Latency to the first posttreatment milk ejection and posttreatment milk ejection intervals and pressure wave amplitudes were compared between THC- and vehicle-treated rats. Before treatment, intervals between milk ejections averaged 6.5 +/- 1.3 (+/- SE) and 7.0 +/- 0.7 min for vehicle- and THC-treated groups, respectively. Vehicle injections did not alter the frequency of milk ejections, which continued at an overall mean interval of 7.6 +/- 0.7 min after treatment. In contrast, THC treatment was followed by a transient suspension of milk ejections, with a latency of 59.3 +/- 7.4 min before the first posttreatment milk ejection was recorded (P less than 0.001). Intervals between subsequent ejections averaged 15.3 +/- 2.0 to 16.1 +/- 1.3 min and were lengthened relative to corresponding intervals in vehicle-treated animals (P less than 0.05). The amplitudes of pressure waves were not significantly affected by treatment. Oxytocin (0.5 mU) injections 10 or 30 min after THC treatment evoked abrupt increases in intramammary pressure, indicating continued responsiveness of the mammary gland to oxytocin stimulation. These data suggest that THC interferes with the release of oxytocin in response to suckling. To our knowledge, this provides the first evidence that THC inhibits posterior pituitary function.
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PMID:Inhibition of suckling-induced milk ejections in the lactating rat by delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol. 283 60

The effects of chronic methamphetamine use on neuroendocrine functioning in humans are largely undocumented. Here we assessed basal plasma oxytocin, arginine vasopressin, and cortisol levels in a naturalistic sample of methamphetamine polydrug users (n = 12) compared with controls matched for age, gender, education, occupation status, and marital status (n = 17). All of the methamphetamine users tested positive for blood methamphetamine and/or its main metabolite, amphetamine. Other drugs of abuse were detected in a small number of methamphetamine users (MDMA [3,4-methylenedioxy-N-methylamphetamine; n = 2], THC [delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol; n = 2]). Almost half of the methamphetamine users reported using methamphetamine intravenously, and others smoked or ingested the drug. Methamphetamine users had significantly lower basal plasma cortisol (p = .025), but similar basal plasma oxytocin and arginine vasopressin levels compared with controls. Basal plasma oxytocin was positively correlated (p = .011), with basal plasma arginine vasopressin in controls, but not in methamphetamine users. Methamphetamine users reported higher rates of psychiatric symptoms including substance use disorders, impulsivity, and positive, negative, manic, and disorientation symptoms compared with controls. Psychiatric symptoms were not related to neuroendocrine functioning in either group. These results provide preliminary evidence for lowered basal cortisol levels in methamphetamine polydrug users and encourage further research in to the effects of methamphetamine on neuroendocrine functioning in humans using more highly controlled experimental research designs.
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PMID:Preliminary evidence for lowered basal cortisol in a naturalistic sample of methamphetamine polydrug users. 2306 58

Introduction: Despite stimulants being highly efficacious in short-term randomized controlled trials (RCTs), not all patients respond or can successfully tolerate them. A number of novel non-stimulant options are currently in the pipeline for the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Areas covered: The authors conducted a systematic review of RCTs registered in ClinicalTrials.gov in the past 5 years (January 2014 and February 2019), supplemented by searches in PubMed, Web of Science, and drug manufacturer websites to find recent RCTs on novel non-stimulant ADHD medications. Expert opinion: The authors found 28 pertinent RCTs of compounds acting on a variety of biological targets, including Dasotraline, Viloxazine (SPN-812), Centanafadine SR (CTN SR), OPC-64005, Fasoracetam (NFC-1, AEVI-001), Metadoxine (MDX), Vortioxetine, Tipepidine Hibenzate, Oxytocin, Sativex (delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) plus cannabidiol), Mazindol, and Molindone hydrochloride (SPN-810). Given the high effect size found in RCTs of stimulants in terms of efficacy on ADHD core symptoms, it is unlikely that these novel agents will show better efficacy than stimulants, at the group level. However, they may offer comparable or better tolerability. Additionally, agents acting on etiopathophysiological targets disrupted in specific subgroups of patients with ADHD will move forward the pharmacotherapy of ADHD from a 'one size fits all' to a 'precision medicine' approach.
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PMID:Beyond stimulants: a systematic review of randomised controlled trials assessing novel compounds for ADHD. 3116 83