Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P01178 (oxytocin)
 15,767 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In the course of 1994 a particular number of deliveries were examined in the maternity ward of the Clinical Hospital "Sestre milosrdnice". Randomly a hundred pregnant women were chosen whose husbands were present at the childbirth. The same number of women delivered their babies without their husband's presence. The duration of labor was examined as well as APGAR score, threatening intrauterine asphyxia, uterine inertia, prolonged labor, induced labor, medical analgesia, and the frequency of cesarean section and vacuum extraction. In the group, in which the husband was present, the labor was shorter, the number of threatening intrauterine asphyxia cases and cesarean sections was smaller, but there were more induced deliveries. Contrary to all expectations, the uterine inertia with the administration of oxytocin was comparably present in both groups, the same as medical analgesia. Other above mentioned parameters were also comparably present in both groups. The level of labor analgesia was not examined in particular to avoid the subjective factor, and besides, the aim was to achieve the maximal possible analgesia. The results suggest the importance of husband's presence at childbirth. Apart from being a very important psychosocial factor, reducing the duration of labor as well as the frequency of threatening intrauterine asphyxia and cesarean section, it also directly affects the course and result of labor.
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PMID:[The effect of the presence of the husband during childbirth]. 948 89

1. Animal and human work has indicated that maternal oxytocin secretion is under the control of endogenous opiates. Previous workers have described the fetal production of oxytocin in addition to maternal production. The study of the interaction between exogenously administered opiates and oxytocin secretion may give insight into the activity of any opiate-mediated regulatory mechanism of oxytocin secretion in the fetus. This study was designed to investigate the effect of an opiate (5 mg of morphine) given to the mother on the fetal production of oxytocin in labour. 2. Morphine was given by the attending clinicians for analgesic purposes to women in the first stage of labour. After delivery umbilical artery vein and maternal vein specimens were taken. 3. Four groups of patients were studied: women after normal vaginal delivery without analgesia in labour (n=10); women after normal vaginal delivery who had morphine administration in the first stage of labour (n=12); women who had an emergency Caesarean section in the first stage of labour (n=11); women who had an elective Caesarean section at term who were not in labour (n=11). 4. Oxytocin levels were measured by radioimmunoassay in the maternal vein, umbilical artery and umbilical vein specimens. Morphine was measured by radioimmunoassay in the umbilical vein specimens. 5. The umbilical artery minus vein concentration of oxytocin was calculated for each patient (A-V). There was no change in the umbilical (A-V) concentration of oxytocin if morphine had been given to the mother in labour; this applied to fetuses delivered vaginally or by Caesarean section. When the fetuses who were exposed to morphine were analysed separately, there was no correlation between the umbilical vein morphine concentration and the umbilical (A-V) oxytocin concentration either in Caesarean or vaginal deliveries. 6. Fetal oxytocin production was not affected by the maternal administration of morphine in the first stage of labour. This applies to the oxytocin production in the first and second stage of labour.
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PMID:Effects of morphine administration on the fetal production of oxytocin in labour. 966 90

A retrospective review of 202 randomly selected records of parturient labors examined the relationship between cervical dilation at epidural analgesia administration and length of the second stage of labor. The epidural group received bupivacaine 0.11% or 0.125% with sufentanil 1 to 2 micrograms/mL using a Bard Patient Controlled Anesthesia II pump. Labor management and outcomes were compared with a nonepidural group who chose unmedicated childbirth, intravenous narcotics, or pudendal block. A significant inverse correlation was found between cervical dilation at epidural administration and second-stage length in labors that did not use oxytocin. However, linear regression explained only 13.5% of the variance, leaving 86.5% unexplained. In labors in the epidural group that used oxytocin, cervical dilation at epidural administration was not correlated with second-stage length. The epidural group experienced a significantly longer mean length of the second stage. Labors in the epidural group were 3.5 times more likely to have oxytocin induction or augmentation and 4.5 times more likely to experience instrument-assisted delivery. There were no significant differences in Apgar scores between the two infant groups.
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PMID:The effect of epidural analgesia on the second stage of labor. 1048 83

Our purpose was to compare the efficacy 25 micrograms and 50 micrograms dosage of intravaginal misoprostol for labor induction in patients with an unfavorable cervix. Fifty pregnant women were randomly assigned to receive either 25 micrograms (24 cases) or 50 micrograms (26 cases) of intravaginal misoprostol every 6 hours. The mean interval from induction to vaginal delivery was significantly shorter in the 50 micrograms group (13.8 +/- 6.6 hours) when compared with the 25 micrograms group (20.9 +/- 9.5 hours) (P = 004). The average number of misoprostol doses needed per patient was significantly fewer in the 50 micrograms group (1.6 +/- 0.7 versus 2.3 +/- 1.2, P = 0.018). The frequencies of uterine tachysystole were 4.2 per cent and 7.7 per cent in the 25 micrograms and 50 micrograms groups respectively which did not significantly differ. Requirement for oxytocin infusion in the 25 micrograms group was significantly more than in the 50 micrograms group (66.6% versus 23.1% respectively, P = 0.004). Analgesia requirement, delivery method, and perinatal outcomes were comparable in both groups. In summary, intravaginal application of 50 micrograms misoprostol at 6-hour interval is comparable in safety but more effective for labor induction than the 25 micrograms dosage.
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PMID:A comparison between 25 micrograms and 50 micrograms of intravaginal misoprostol for labor induction. 980 69

For the present purpose, love is defined as one's having stimulation that one desires. The nature of the stimulation can range on a continuum from the most abstract cognitive, to the most direct sensory, forms. Thus, this definition of love encompasses having an emotional bond with a person for whom one yearns, as well as having sensory stimulation that one desires. We address some of the physiological and perceptual consequences both of having, and of not having, love. We propose a neural mechanism by which deprivation of love may generate endogenous, compensatory sensory stimulation that manifests itself as psychosomatic illness. In addition, we propose a neuroendocrine mechanism underlying sexual response and orgasm. The latter includes vaginocervical sensory pathways to the brain that can produce analgesia, release oxytocin, and/or bypass the spinal cord via the vagus nerve. We present evidence of the existence of non-genital orgasms, which suggests that genital orgasm is a special case of a more pervasive orgasmic process. Through recent studies, the mechanisms and manifestations of love and its deprivation are becoming better understood. The better is our understanding of love, the greater is our respect for the significance and potency of its role in mental and physical health.
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PMID:Love as sensory stimulation: physiological consequences of its deprivation and expression. 992 45

This work was designed to study the impact of prenatal knowledge of fetal sex both on the psychological and obstetrical aspects of the expectant mothers during pregnancy and labour. One hundred pregnant women attending the outpatient antenatal clinic of Assiut University Hospital were recruited. All were in the third trimester, parous, with normal pregnancy and having no past or present psychiatric disorders. The desired sex of the expected child was registered. Symptom checklist 90 (SCL-90) was applied before, and 2 weeks after sonographic fetal sex determination. Women who desired male sex scored significantly higher depressive symptoms than those who desired female sex. Women who were proven sonographically to have the undesired fetal sex showed significantly higher scores of depression, somatization, anxiety, hostility and phobia scales of SCL-90 than women whose desired fetal sex was confirmed. The second part of the study to evaluate the effect of knowing the fetal sex on the progress of labour was designed as a case control study including 57 women previously informed about their fetal sex and 40 women ignorant of their fetal sex as controls. Women delivering a baby with undesired sex showed more obstetric difficulties. In the first stage of labour, they had significant reduction in frequency of uterine contractions and rate of cervical dilatation. They also needed much more sedation, analgesia and oxytocin augmentation.
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PMID:Psychological and obstetrical responses of mothers following antenatal fetal sex identification. 1006 13

Our goal was to contrast the influence of intermittent and continuous support provided by doulas during labor and delivery on 5 childbirth outcomes. Data were aggregated across 11 clinical trials by means of meta-analytic techniques. Continuous support, when compared with no doula support, was significantly associated with shorter labors (weighted mean difference -1.64 hours, 95% confidence interval -2.3 to -.96) and decreased need for the use of any analgesia (odds ratio.64, 95% confidence interval.49 to.85), oxytocin (odds ratio.29, 95% confidence interval.20 to.40), forceps (odds ratio.43, 95% confidence interval.28 to.65), and cesarean sections (odds ratio.49, 95% confidence interval.37 to.65). Intermittent support was not significantly associated with any of the outcomes. Odds ratios differed between the 2 groups of studies for each outcome. Continuous support appears to have a greater beneficial impact on the 5 outcomes than intermittent support. Future clinical trials, however, will need to control for possible confounding influences. Implications for labor management are discussed.
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PMID:A comparison of intermittent and continuous support during labor: a meta-analysis. 1032 55

This study aimed to compare the efficacy of vaginal misoprostol and dinoprostone vaginal gel for induction of labor at term. 211 women were assigned to receive vaginal administration of either misoprostol or dinoprostone gel doses. Results showed that there were no maternal demographic differences between the two groups and no cases in which labor could not be induced. In the misoprostol group, the induction interval was 14.4 hours, and more women delivered after a single dose (77% vs. 49%, P 0.0001; or 3.51, 95% CI 1.94-6.35) within 12 or 24 hours. In the dinoprostone group, the induction interval was 22.9 hours; the median induction interval of the two groups was U = 3238, P 0.00001. The oxytocin augmentation requirement of labor was significantly less in the misoprostol group (21% vs. 47%, P 0.0001; OR 0.30, 95% CI 0.16-0.54), and in those cases requiring oxytocin, the median total dose used was less (0.96 U) compared to the dinoprostone group (1.86 U) (U = 3886, P = 0.002). There were no differences between the groups in analgesia used during labor or in mode of delivery. Median patient pain scores were higher in the misoprostol group. Findings indicate that 50 mcg misoprostol vaginally is a highly effective induction agent with no apparent adverse effects on the outcome of labor. There is a need for further studies to establish the safety of misoprostol.
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PMID:Misoprostol for induction of labour at term: a more effective agent than dinoprostone vaginal gel. 1075 84

We performed a prospective randomized study to compare maternal and fetal outcomes in pregnancies with prelabour rupture of the membranes (PROM) at term with early induction of labour or expectant management, 126 women with singleton pregnancy, cephalic presentation and gestational duration > or = 37 weeks, were randomized either to immediate induction of labour with oxytocin (Group 1) (n=52), or conservative management (Group 2) (n=74). Women who constituted Group 2 were divided into 2 groups. The first group (Group 2A) (n=25) included women in whom spontaneous labour did not begin after a waiting period of 24 hours, in which case labour was induced with oxytocin i.e. expectant management. The second group consisted of women (Group 2B) (n=49) in whom labour began spontaneously within 24 hours. The base Caesarean section rate was significantly higher in Group 2 (28.4%) (p<0.05). The rates of Caesarean section in the Groups 1-2A-2B were 19.2%, 60%, and 12.2%, respectively for nulliparous and parous women together. The rate of fetal distress was significantly higher in Group 2 (p<0.05). For determining maternal outcomes, the other parameters such as clinical chorioamnionitis, fever before or during labour, receiving antibiotics before or during labour, postpartum fever, analgesia, anaesthesia did not differ in Groups 1 and 2. Women in Group 1 went into active labour sooner, had fewer digital vaginal examinations, had a shorter interval between membrane rupture and delivery, and spent less time in the hospital before delivery than those in Group 2 (p<0.05). Babies in Group 2 were more likely to receive antibiotics, and more likely to stay in an intensive care nursery for more than 24 hours, and more likely to receive ventilation after initial resuscitation than those babies in Group 1. For developing apnoea and hypotonia, there was no significant difference between Groups 1 and 2. However, for babies in Group 2A there was a significant difference. We conclude that immediate induction of labour with oxytocin does not increase the risk of Caesarean section, compared with a practice of expectant management. Women at term with prelabour rupture of the membranes should therefore be reassured that immediate induction with oxytocin currently appears to be the best policy with respect to maternal and neonatal morbidity.
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PMID:Prelabour rupture of the membranes at term--no advantage of delaying induction for 24 hours. 1055 36

It is not known whether human labour is associated with increased fetal oxytocin production or transfer of oxytocin across the placenta. Previous reports are contradictory, due in part, to the influence of maternal analgesia on fetal production. We determined plasma oxytocin concentration in the umbilical artery and vein of women after vaginal delivery and after caesarean section with general anaesthesia before or after the onset of labour. The results demonstrate that fetal production of oxytocin is not influenced by general anaesthesia, thus enabling comparison of labour and nonlabour samples at caesarean section. Labour was not associated with an increase in fetal oxytocin production. Oxytocin was also measured in the umbilical artery and vein during maternal oxytocin infusion to assess placental transfer. The results do not support transfer of oxytocin across the placenta in women.
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PMID:The effect of labour and maternal oxytocin infusion on fetal plasma oxytocin concentration. 1060 28


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