Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P01178 (oxytocin)
 15,767 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A prospective study of 1,000 consecutive primigravid deliveries has shown that active management in labour can ensure that every woman is delivered within 24 hours. Emphasis is laid on the importance of a correct initial diagnosis of labour based on objective criteria. Amniotomy followed by oxytocin infusion is advocated to simulate the progress of normal labour unless this is evident from an early stage.Oxytocin, the dose of which is limited only by foetal distress, cannot be used effectively unless three popular fallacies are rejected. Firstly, that prolonged labour is often an expression of cephalo-pelvic disproportion; secondly, that oxytocin may rupture the primigravid uterus; and, thirdly, that there is a valid therapeutic distinction between hypotonic and hypertonic uterine action.Stimulation, properly supervised, is safe to mother and child, it eliminates the problem of occipitoposterior position, results in a sharp decline in forceps delivery, and obviates the need for massive analgesia.
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PMID:Prevention of prolonged labour. 577 78

Prolyl-leucyl-glycinamide (MIF-1), the C-terminal tripeptide of oxytocin, and naloxone were administered intracranially (IC) to goldfish (Carassius auratus) in doses of 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1.0 and 10.0 mg/kg and compared to a diluent control group for their ability to reduce the effects of morphine (30 mg/kg IC) in an assay measuring analgesia to electric shock. Threshold levels of pain were determined by the voltage necessary to produce an agitated swimming response (ASR). Both MIF-1 and naloxone were found to significantly reduce the analgesic effects of morphine when compared to the diluent control group. Similar dose-response curves in an apparent sine-wave pattern were noted with both MIF-1 and naloxone when comparisons were made both at 20 minutes after administration of morphine and over the entire 150 minutes of the experiment. The results support the evidence that MIF-1 can act as an opiate antagonist.
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PMID:Similar antagonism of morphine analgesia by MIF-1 and naloxone in Carassius auratus. 612 44

The effect of low-dose prostaglandin E2 vaginal gel specially prepared from commercially available materials, on subsequent indicated oxytocin induction of labor, was investigated in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. The stability of the gel after preparation was documented by radioimmunoassay in vitro. No differences between the treated and placebo groups were noted in subsequent modified Bishop scores, length of labor, use of analgesia or anesthesia, success of induction, mode of delivery, or perinatal outcome. Comparisons of this clinical trial with those previously reported are offered.
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PMID:Variations of biologic activity of low-dose prostaglandin E2 on cervical ripening. 637 45

Recent neuroanatomical and behavioral evidence has indicated that vasopressin (VP) increases pain thresholds. In the present study intracerebroventricular (ICV) administration of both arginine VP (AVP: 75-500 ng) and 1-deamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin (DDAVP: 150-500 ng) elevated tail flick latencies. Oxytocin (OXY, ICV), also elevated tail-flick latencies (150-1000 ng); however this increase was accompanied by "barrel-roll" seizure activity. VP analgesia was eliminated by pretreatment with 1-deamino-penicillamine-2(O-methyl)tyrosine-AVP (dPTyr(me)AVP: 500 ng, ICV), a VP antagonist, but not naloxone (1 or 10 micrograms, ICV), suggesting that VP modulates nonciceptive thresholds through its own binding sites. Conversely, pretreatment with naloxone (1 micrograms, ICV) but not dPTyr(me)AVP (1 microgram, ICV) attenuated the analgesic efficacy of systemic morphine (10 mg/kg), further dissociating VP and central opiate analgesic processes. Finally, systemic pretreatment with dexamethasone potentiated VP analgesia. These data support the notion that VP is a specific non-opioid pain inhibitor.
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PMID:Vasopressin analgesia: specificity of action and non-opioid effects. 649 25

The potency of opiates for suppressing oxytocin release relative to their potency as analgesics was tested in lactating rats. Oxytocin release was evoked by the sucking of the young in urethane-anaesthetized and unanaesthetized rats, and was detected by the characteristic behaviour of the young and milk yield respectively. The tail-flick test, using noxious radiant heat, was used to assess analgesia. Intraperitoneal injection of morphine (1 mg kg-1 and 5 mg kg-1) significantly reduced milk yield in unanaesthetized rats. Urethane-anaesthetized rats displayed a pattern of reflex milk-ejection responses similar to that found in conscious rats. This reflex was significantly inhibited in a dose-related, naloxone-reversible manner by buprenorphine (ED50 0.18 mg kg-1), meptazinol (ED50: 14.0 mg kg-1), morphine (ED50: 0.67 mg kg-1), pentazocine (ED50: 15.0 mg kg-1) and pethidine (ED50: 7.9 mg kg-1). Although intraperitoneal injection of morphine (5 mg kg-1) abolished the increase in intramammary pressure occurring at reflex milk-ejection, that evoked by intravenous oxytocin (0.5-1 mu) was unaffected. Each opiate also caused significant, dose-related, naloxone-reversible increases in tail-flick latency. The ED50 doses were buprenorphine (ED50: 0.14 mg kg-1), meptazinol (ED50: 12.5 mg kg-1), morphine (ED50: 5.0 mg kg-1), pentazocine (ED50: 12.5 mg kg-1) and pethidine (ED50: 6.1 mg kg-1). The order of potency for analgesia and for suppression of oxytocin release were identical, namely: buprenorphine greater than morphine greater than pethidine greater than meptazinol greater than pentazocine. The results obtained with lactating rats suggest that secretion of the hormone oxytocin is substantially reduced during opiate-induced analgesia.
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PMID:A comparison of analgesia and suppression of oxytocin release by opiates. 654 45

The prostaglandins F2alpha (PGF2alpha) and E2 (PGE2) used for abortion during the 2nd trimester of pregnancy were compared and are presented along with a method of management that minimizes patient discomfort. The study included 23 consecutive patients who wanted to undergo elective 2nd trimester abortion at the Unviersity of California, Davis Medical Center, during the January 1981-May 1981 period. Gestational age was determined by menstrual history, fundal size, and, when necessary, ultrasonography. Patients between 14-20 weeks of estimated gestational age were assigned to either PGF2alpha or PGE2 therapy using a set of random numbers. Patients were excluded from the study if a history of significant renal, cardiac, or pulmonary disease was obtained, if a uterine or cervical anomaly was suspected, or if abortion was desired because of a known fetal anomaly, abnormal karyotype, or fetal demise. 13 patients were in the PGF2alpha group and 12 were in the PGE2 group. 4 patients in the PGF2alpha group and 5 in the PGE2 group were nulliparas. The mean induction to abortion interval was 9.19 +or- 6.18 hours, 3-22 hours, for those in the PGF2alpha group and 9.19 +or- 2.59 hours, 5.75-12.78 hours, for those in the PGE2 group. The difference was not statistically significant. The cumulative abortions rates of the 2 methods were similar. Except for 2 patients who received PGF2alpha, all of the patients studied aborted within 14 hours. There was a 31% incidence of emesis in those patients in the PGF2alpha group, but none of these patients had more than a single episode. A 20% incidence of emesis was noted for the PGE2 group, with each of these patients having 2 episodes. No patient had diarrhea or hyperthermia develop, and none required antidiarrheal or antipyretic medication after the intial prophylactic dosages. Of the patients in the PGF2alpha group, 61.5% required supplementary analgesia as compared with 60% for those in the PGE2 group. Of those patients requiring additional analgesia, those in the PGF2alpha group, on an average, had more medication given orally and intramuscularly. Curettage was considered to be an integral part of the abortion procedure. Products of conception were obtained from all of the patients at the time of curettage. No patient returned after discharge from the hospital because of hemorrhage or infection as a result of retained products of conception. With the use of laminaria tents for cervical priming, prophylaxis of minor side effects, oxytocin supplementation and postabortal curettage, PGF2alpha and PGE2 are equivalent midtrimester abortifacients when rapidity, safety, and patient comfort are considered.
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PMID:A comparative study of two types of prostaglandins for abortion during the second trimester. 657 7

It is possible to induce labour in pathological pregnancies after artificial ripening of the cervix. The present study concerns 70 patients (45 primipara, 25 multipara). The main pathologies are hypertension of pregnancy and pregnancies past dates. Prostaglandin F2 alpha has been used with a Tylose gel containing 5 mg of PGF2 alpha introduced by the extra-amniotic route. The cervical change was noted using Bishop's score. The mean increase of the cervical score was 0.8 with the first PGF2 alpha gel. The total mean increase was 1.2. Two cases of hyperstimulation of the uterus were observed and they led to Caesarean section. Prostaglandin gel induced labour in 56% of the patients. The mean time between the introduction of the gel and the delivery was 14 h for primipara and 10 h for multipara. Other patients were induced with oxytocin on the following day. Epidural analgesia was widely used in this study (in 64% of cases). The mean duration of labour was 6 h 10 for primipara and 4 h 30 for multipara. 30% of the patients needed Caesarean section but there was a marked difference between primipara (36%) and multipara (4%). After a review of the literature the authors conclude that it is useful to ripen the cervix prostaglandin but, as foreign authors do, they think that PGE2 should be more efficient.
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PMID:[Maturation of the cervix uteri using prostaglandin F2 alpha before induction of labor in pathologic pregnancies]. 657 95

The effect and safety of segmental epidural analgesia (SEA) were investigated in three groups of parturients totaling 250. Three comparative groups were also created. In 50 primigravidae, the analgesic effect was good in 90%, moderate in 8%, and poor in only 2%. The opinion of midwives on analgesic effect was also similar. Investigation of the duration of labor showed that the duration of both first and second stages was longer in SEA groups than in nonepidural groups. However, with more liberal use of oxytocin in the SEA group this difference disappeared. The SEA did not lead to more malpositions than were present in the nonepidural groups. Nevertheless, the rate of instrumental deliveries was approximately three times higher in the SEA groups than in nonepidural groups (15.2% vs 4.7%, respectively). No difference between the groups occurred when Apgar scores at 1 and 5 min were investigated.
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PMID:Segmental epidural analgesia - a modern method for safe and effective management of labor pains. 665 73

The purposes of the paper are to describe changes in the technologic methods used in Finnish obstetric practice and to relate them to some measures of infant and mother health. Antenatal care in Finland still largely retains its original low-technology character, but changes toward more technology-oriented care can be seen. The management of labor and deliveries changed dramatically in the latter half of the 1960s and in the 1970s. More and more births occurred in large, specialized hospitals instead of in small, local hospitals. Electronic fetal monitoring, drug treatment of labor (oxytocin and analgesia), deliveries with instruments, and cesarean sections became common. Comparisons of perinatal mortality by county and by hospital suggest that the correlations between the technologic methods studied, especially cesarean sections, and decreasing perinatal mortality probably do not reflect direct causal relationships.
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PMID:Obstetric practice in Finland, 1950-1980. Changes in technology and its relation to health. 665 37

The uterine activity of women during induced labour was analysed with a real-time Commodore PET 2001 series microcomputer. The active contraction area was measured in torr-min (1 torr = 0.133 kPa) per 10 min epochs [uterine activity unit (UAU)/10 min]. Surgical induction was followed immediately by administration of a geometric oxytocin infusion and all patients received epidural analgesia. Twenty-eight primigravidae for whom inductographic and partographic progress were normal had a mean 'stable phase' uterine activity of 118 +/- 2 SD 43 UAU/10 min (identical to 942 +/- 2 SD 343 kPas/10 min) whereas 15 multiparae had a mean 'stable phase' of 83 +/- 2 SD 34 UAU/10 min (identical to 662 +/- 2 SD 271 kPas/10 min). This difference was significant (P less than 0.01). The construction of uterine activity charts is described and their clinical application discussed.
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PMID:Application of a real-time microcomputer monitoring system: surveillance of induced labour by uterine activity quantitation. 682 69


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