Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UNIPROT:P01178 (oxytocin)
 15,767 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The maternal and neonatal influences of continuous lumbar epidural analgesia (CLEA; bupivacaine) administered during labor after amniotomy were studied. Intravenous oxytocin supplementation was employed in some cases. Analgesic blockade increased the incidence of transient uterine hypertonus. Fetal heart rate changes, primarily bradycardia, were associated with uterine hypertonus. At birth, a lower degree of maternal metabolic acidosis was observed in comparison with normal unanesthetized controls. A slight degree of hypoxia and hypercapnia was observed in the fetuses. Possible explanations for these changes are discussed. The application of CLEA in the elective induction of labor, whether accompanied by intravenous oxytocin or not, may have risks, though these are probably acceptable for the mother and fetus if they are closely observed, the amounts of bupivacaine administered are limited, and if the duration of the 2nd stage of labor is kept to a minimum. However, epidural analgesia poses greater risks to patients with placental insufficiency and very active labor.
 ...
PMID:Elective induction of labor conducted under lumbar epidural block. I. Labor induction by amniotomy and intravenous oxytocin. 26 52

Water intoxication during or following oxytocin induced labor, albeit a rare event, can nevertheless cause potentially fatal complications or risk of neurological damage. Large doses of oxytocin plus large volumes of electrolyte-free solutions are the prime factors associated with water intoxication. Suggested treatment consists of hypertonic saline. Although circulatory overload and pulmonary oedema can occur from saline treatment it is believed that the risk of cerebral oedema is greater than risk from saline treatment. Prevention of water intoxication includes: 1) restriction of fluid intake; 2) monitoring of analgesia given; 3) interruption of continuous infusion; 4) fluid balance with control of serum electrolytes and osmolality; and 5) use of electrolyte-containing fluid as a vehicle for the oxytocin.
 ...
PMID:Water intoxication after oxytocin-induced midtrimester abortion. 28 25

The efficacy of a vaginal gel containing either 5 mg prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) or 25 mg prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) to ripen the unfavourable cervix for labour induction was assessed in a double blind trial. PGF2 alpha, compared with PGE2, had little effect upon the clinical state of the cervix, but the resultant duration of labour in each of the two groups was shorter than in a control group. While the numbers of patients requiring oxytocin stimulation of labour and regional analgesia were reduced in both groups compared with the controls, PGF2 alpha was much less effective than PGE2. Uterine hypertonus was observed using both prostaglandins during an experimental study and the implications are discussed.
 ...
PMID:A comparison of PGE2 and PGF2 alpha vaginal gel for ripening the cervix before induction of labour. 37 64

Uterine performance (i.e., uterine activity expressed in Montevideo units and in pressure area, number, and amplitude of contractions) was monitored by intra-amniotic tocomanometry in 16 patients with lumbar epidural analgesia. Technically adequate recordings were obtained in 34 top-up doses of which 24 were given in oxytocin-induced or stimulated labor and 10 in spontaneous labor. Thirty-two doses of 10 ml. of 0.25 per cent and two doses of 6 ml. of 0.5 per cent plain bupivacaine were administered. Aortocaval compression was avoided by placing the patients in the lateral (31 doses) or the semirecumbent position (three doses). Statistical analysis by means of Student's test failed to show a difference in uterine performance before and after the top-up dose. It is suggested that aortocaval compression is an essential factor contributing to or responsible for the temporary depression of uterine activity that has been observed by other authors after epidural injections of local anesthetic agents.
 ...
PMID:Uterine activity during lumbar epidural analgesia with bupivacaine. 83 82

We report on the use of epidural analgesia during labour in 58 out of a total of 234 twin deliveries performed over a five-year period. A comparable control group consisted of 44 twin pregnancies delivered consecutively during the year preceding the introduction of epidural analgesia into our department. Epidural analgesia shortened the mean time of labour and made possible the performance of all necessary instrumental and obstetrical manoeuvres, without additional anaesthesia or adverse effects on the second twin. The epidural group required oxytocin more often due to an increased incidence of hypotonic uterine dysfunction. There was also a considerable increase of instrumental deliveries in the epidural group. The condition of the newborn infants of both groups, evaluated by Apgar score at one minute, was similar, but there was a higher perinatal mortality among pre-term infants delivered under epidural analgesia. Epidural analgesia was found to be an acceptable method of relieving pain in twin labour, but because of the increased necessity to use oxytocin and the relatively high perinatal mortality observed among pre-term infants, further experience is necessary before it can be claimed that this is the method of choice for relief of pain in twin labour.
 ...
PMID:Epidural analgesia during labour in twin pregnancy. 88 23

Blood loss and the incidence of emetic sequelae were assessed in 148 patients undergoing midcavity forceps delivery under continuous lumbar extradural analgesia. Five units of oxytocin i.v. was found to be as effective as ergometrine 0.5 mg i.v. in reducing blood loss at delivery. Nausea, retching or vomiting occurred in 35 (46%) of the mothers who received ergometrine and in none of those who received i.v. oxytocin. The cardiovascular side-effects of ergometrine and oxytocin are reviewed and compared with special reference to patients with hypertension and heart disease. It is suggested that 5 units of oxytocin i.v. should be preferred in these high-risk patients. Because of the absence of an emetic action, i.v. oxytocin is preferable to i.v. ergometrine for patients receiving extradural analgesia.
 ...
PMID:Ergometrine, oxytocin and extradural analgesia. 95 92

Neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia is increasing in frequency. In view of conflicting evidence about the possible causes, retrospective analyses have been carried out among babies born during six months of 1974. Preliminary analysis confirmed the over-riding importance of preterm birth (before 37 weeks), but only one of 17 such cases could be attributed to ill-judged artificial induction of labor. For the main analysis, the incidence of eight possibly relevant antecedent factors was compared in 46 cases of hyperbilirubinaemia (unconjugated bilirubin more than 15 mg per 100 ml in term babies and more than 13 mg per 100 ml in some preterm babies) and in 92 controls matched for sex and gestational age. Induction of labour by "primary" oxytocin infusion and artificial rupture of the membranes was very significantly more common in the index cases (p less than 0-01), but there was no difference in the incidence of "secondary" oxytocin, used to accelerate spontaneous labour. Evidence of uterin unresponsiveness suggests that the natural onset of labour was being anticipated by at least some days in many of the index cases and this could prevent the natural "priming" of the fetal enzyme systems. An excess of epidural analgesia in the mothers of the index cases was probably due to its association with the need for pain relief during "primary" oxytocin infusions. The higher incidence of postnatal weight loss in the index cases presumably contributed to the hyperbilirubinaemia.
 ...
PMID:Factors affecting the increasing incidence of severe non-haemolytic neonatal jaundice. 119

The effect of oxytocin (OT) and cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-8) on EA analgesia was studied in rats. The increase of 20.8-39.8% and 9.0-45.0% in pain threshold was observed respectively when ICV of CCK-8 or naloxone was combined with EA, these increases were lower than that in saline-EA group significantly, while the simultaneous ICV of OT and CCK-8 or OT and naloxone in combination with EA produced the increase of 76.2-116.6% and 41.8-104.5% in pain threshold separately. These results showed that only a small part in the role of OT enhancing EA analgesia was blocked by CCK-8 and naloxone. The data suggest that the role of OT in EA was not entirely dependent upon the endogenous opiate peptides.
 ...
PMID:[Effect of oxytocin and cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-8) on electroacupuncture (EA) analgesia]. 128 28

The Asu-AVT (1,6-aminosuberic acid -8-arginine-vasotocin) in an analogue of 8-arginine-vasotocin (AVT) which is one of pineal hormones. The effect of Asu-AVT on the pain threshold and EA analgesia was studied in rats. An increase of 16.2-41.5% in pain threshold was observed within 70 min. after ivc of Asu-AVT (75ng), while the Asu-AVT injection in combination with EA produced a significant increase of 164.6-309.1% in pain threshold, which was much higher than that in the saline-EA group (p < 0.05-0.01). The effect of Atu-AVT is analogous to that of oxytocin and arginine-vasopressin. The data indicate ivc of ASu-AVT not only elevates the pain threshold, but also enhances the EA analgesia. These results suggest that the pineal hormone, AVT may play a role in the EA analgesia.
 ...
PMID:[Effect of Asu-AVT on electroacupuncture (EA) analgesia]. 133 26

This work was to investigate the change of the contents of vasopressin and oxytocin during acupuncture in rat. Acupuncture could not only cause a change of immunoreactive arginine vasopressin, but also cause a change of immunoreactive oxytocin in many regions of rat brain. These results suggest that arginine vasopressin and oxytocin might be through the central nervous system to participate acupuncture analgesia.
 ...
PMID:[Effect of acupuncture on the contents of vasopressin and oxytocin in the rat]. 133 32


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>