Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P01178 (oxytocin)
 15,767 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Recovery time after ultrabrief anaesthesia for minor gynaecological procedures was shown to be significantly and appreciably longer after thiopentone induction than after Althesin (alphaxalone and alphadolone), etomidate or propanidid. Suitable anaesthesia was provided by all techniques, but propanidid is associated with a 51% rise in pulse rate and etomidate with an 18% slowing. Twenty-seven per cent of patients anaesthetized with propanidid or etomidate were nauseous or vomited immediately postoperatively. Oxytocin 5 U given as an intravenous bolus for uterine contraction markedly increased heart rate (+ 29%). Althesin is now excluded on the basis of occasional adverse reactions; none of the techniques used is entirely satisfactory.
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PMID:Recovery time after ultrabrief anaesthesia. A comparison of four techniques. 370 56

To study the role of the antiaggregatory and vasodilatory prostacyclin (PGI2) during human delivery, serial urine samples collected from 13 women delivered vaginally and from eight delivered abdominally were assayed for 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha (6-keto-PGF1 alpha, a breakdown product of PGI2) by high-performance-liquid-chromatography and radioimmunoassay. In women delivered vaginally the mean urinary 6-keto-PGF1 alpha concentration was 41.9 (SE 8.3) ng/mmol creatinine, before the onset of labour and increased progressively to a maximum of 186.5 (SE 47.6) ng/mmol creatinine 2 h after delivery irrespective of the use of oxytocin and epidural analgesia. In women delivered by caesarean section under epidural anaesthesia, the urinary 6-keto-PGF1 alpha rose from 33.4 (SE 4.2) ng/mmol creatinine to 2153 (SE 314) ng/mmol creatinine 2 h after section. In both groups the increased levels had fallen by 24 h postpartum to levels below those found before delivery. In neonatal urine 6-keto-PGF1 alpha concentrations were some 12-30 times higher than those in postpartum urine. Thus, vaginal and abdominal delivery is accompanied by significant increases in maternal PGI2 release, perhaps in the myometrium and/or intrauterine tissues. This may be of significance in the regulation of fetoplacental blood flow and in the prevention of intra- and postpartum thrombosis.
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PMID:Vaginal and abdominal delivery increases maternal urinary 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha excretion. 376 89

Prospective analysis of 98 consecutive patients at term pregnancy with one previous cesarean section, who received oxytocin during a trial of labor (34 inductions, 64 augmentations), was undertaken to identify specific factors associated with successful vaginal delivery. The overall vaginal delivery rate was 59.2%. Comparing route of delivery in the induction and augmentation groups separately revealed no significant differences in maternal height, weight, or parity, duration of membrane rupture, length of oxytocin treatment or maximum dose, cervical examination on admission or before oxytocin treatment, or use of conduction anesthesia. A previous vaginal delivery favored repeat vaginal delivery in patients with augmentation while a nonrecurrent indication was significantly associated with vaginal delivery in all patients. After the beginning of oxytocin augmentation, the cervical dilatation rate was 1.82 cm/hr in patients delivered vaginally, compared with 0.18 cm/hr in those requiring cesarean section (p less than 0.001). Any cervical dilatation during the first 2 hours of augmentation was associated with more frequent vaginal delivery: 24 of 40 vaginal deliveries (60%) versus six of 24 cesarean sections (25%, p less than 0.01). Discriminant analysis correctly identified route of delivery in 85.3% of those with induction and 87.5% of patients with augmentation. During a trial of labor, oxytocin induction or augmentation is effective in a majority of patients. Furthermore, an early response during augmentation is of predictive value when such patients are being managed.
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PMID:Predictors of vaginal delivery in patients with a previous cesarean section, who require oxytocin. 379 69

Bupivacaine without adrenaline was used for paracervical block (PCB) anesthesia in 60 low-risk parturients in whom there were no signs of fetal asphyxia. In order to evaluate its effects on fetus and uterine activity, 30 patients were given a "high dose" of 50 mg Bupivacaine, an amide-type local anesthetic agent, while 30 patients were given a "low dose" of 25 mg. Continuous fetal heart rate (FHR) monitoring in both study groups revealed nine patients with typically post PCB bradycardia and five patients with moderate PHR depression. All of them were born with excellent Apgar score. Although a decrease in fetal heart rate following PCB was noted in both groups more significant reduction was associated with the high dose block (P less than 0.05). In 11 cases, FHR depression was clearly associated with increased uterine activity, while in another three cases it was not (P less than 0.005). Oxytocin administration during the block did not affect fetal heart rate or uterine activity. The results indicate that FHR depression following PCB using Bupivacaine is dose dependent, transient and not dangerous to a normal fetus. No adverse maternal effects were noted. It is suggested that fetal heart rate depression following PCB using Bupivacaine is related to increased uterine activity.
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PMID:Fetal heart rate and uterine activity following paracervical block. 381 37

In order to investigate the significance of oxytocin in pregnancy and labor, oxytocin concentrations in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were determined using the specific radioimmunoassay. Plasma and CSF samples were obtained from 23 pregnant women (11 pre labor, 12 in labor), 15 nonpregnant women and 4 men at spinal puncture for anesthesia. In males and nongravidas, CSF levels of oxytocin were significantly higher than plasma levels. Plasma levels in pregnant patients pre or in labor were significantly higher than those in nongravidas. No significant difference between CSF levels in prelabor gravidas (mean +/- SE, 9.7 +/- 1.5 mu u/ml) and nongravidas (10.1 +/- 1.2 mu u/ml) was found. However, CSF levels in gravidas in labor (18.6 +/- 2.3 micromicrons/ml were significantly higher than the levels in prelabor gravidas. These results strongly suggest that oxytocin levels in human plasma and CSF are controlled by different mechanisms and that the increased oxytocin could have some specific central actions.
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PMID:Effects of pregnancy and labor on oxytocin levels in human plasma and cerebrospinal fluid. 383 28

The urinary output of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) during and following Cesarean section (CS) was investigated in 21 patients. Urinary PGE2, probably reflecting renal production of PGE2, increased about two-fold during anesthesia and surgery and persisted for at least one additional hour. PGE2 output also correlated with the dose of oxytocin administered. The possibility that renal perfusion may be compromised during CS and that increased synthesis of prostaglandins (PGs) may serve to protect the kidney against ischemia is suggested.
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PMID:Urinary prostaglandin E2 output increases in cesarean section. 386 93

Oxytocin concentrations were determined in serial peripheral plasma samples collected from clinically normal women during pregnancy and labor. Measurable concentrations of this hormone were detected in all maternal plasma samples during pregnancy, but there were wide differences in values between patients. Serial samples from individual patients revealed a pattern of gradual rise of oxytocin levels with advancing gestation and the increase in concentration was statistically significant. There were no significant differences in oxytocin levels at any stage of labor, with or without epidural analgesia. Oxytocin levels at the onset of the second stage did not differ statistically from those at crowning. Comparison of cross-sectional data showed no significant difference between the mean oxytocin concentration in early labor and in late pregnancy. Oxytocin surges occurred, but not in a regular pattern. Plasma oxytocin concentration did not increase after pelvic examination, sweeping of the membranes, low amniotomy or after cervical vibration. After spontaneous vaginal delivery, umbilical arterial plasma levels of oxytocin were consistently higher than plasma concentrations from the umbilical vein. The fetal arterio-venous difference was less pronounced at elective cesarean section. At spontaneous vaginal delivery, with and without epidural anesthesia, plasma levels from the umbilical artery were significantly higher than the maternal levels. After vaginal delivery, oxytocin levels in cord plasma were significantly higher than at elective abdominal delivery. Some methodological aspects with regard to blood sampling and to plasma oxytocin radioimmunoassay procedures are discussed. From the results presented it is concluded that the human fetus can be an important source of oxytocin and that neurohumoral birth reflexes described in animals do not occur systematically in man.
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PMID:Plasma oxytocin in human pregnancy and parturition. 389 56

The responses of vasopressinergic neurons to acute salt loading and to graded hemorrhage were studied in rats under conscious and anesthetized conditions. Chronically cannulated rats were used in this study so that pre- and postanesthetic conditions could be studied in the same animals. Anesthesia induced by a combination of ketamine hydrochloride and pentobarbital sodium (Nembutal) did not cause a release of vasopressin-associated neurophysin (VP-RNP). In response to infusion of 18% saline, animals in the anesthetized state had significantly greater increases in plasma osmolality (Posmol) and plasma sodium concentration than animals in the conscious state. However, the rate of increase in plasma VP-RNP concentration ([VP-RNP]) as well as the relationship between [VP-RNP] and Posmol were not significantly different for the two states. Graded hemorrhage caused similar rates of increase in [VP-RNP] for animals under conscious and anesthetized conditions. These data suggest that anesthesia induced by ketamine plus pentobarbital sodium does not change the responsiveness of vasopressinergic neurons to acute salt loading and to graded hemorrhage.
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PMID:Function of vasopressinergic neurons in rats under conscious and anesthetized conditions. 397 Jan 92

Preparation for childbirth (Lamaze classes) is becoming an increasingly popular addition to patient education. This retrospective study investigates its effect on 64 primiparas in comparison with a control group who had not taken classes. The two groups were matched for age, antenatal risk scores, ethnic derivation, and socioeconomic status. No difference was found in the use of analgesia and anesthesia, the length of labor, type of delivery, incidence of fetal distress, infant birth weights, Apgar scores, or maternal and neonatal complications. However, there was a statistically significant increase in the use of oxytocin for augmentation of labor (P less than 0.01) in the prepared group.
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PMID:Childbirth preparation and outcomes of labor and delivery in primiparous women. 398 Oct 97

Interview and record review data from 12,023 singleton deliveries were analyzed to determine the relationships between neonatal hyperbilirubinemia (10 mg/dL or greater) and maternal characteristics. Confounding variables were controlled by multiple logistic regression analysis. There was a statistically significant positive relationship between hyperbilirubinemia and low birth weight, Oriental race, premature rupture of membranes, breast-feeding, neonatal infection, use of the "pill" at time of conception, instrumental delivery, and history of first trimester bleeding. Maternal smoking and black race were negatively related to hyperbilirubinemia and statistically significant. In this study, other previously suspected etiologic factors such as epidural anesthesia, parity, use of oxytocin in labor, and white race were not associated with hyperbilirubinemia.
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PMID:Epidemiology of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. 398 9


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