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Query: UNIPROT:P01178 (oxytocin)
 15,767 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Prostaglandins, particularly PGE2 vaginally, can be valuable for cervical ripening or induction of labour in some women. Ease of use must not be allowed to result in unjustified intervention. Amniotomy followed by oxytocin infusion are the methods of choice for induction of labour. Careful monitoring of the maternal and fetal condition are vital, especially if an epidural block is in place. Augmentation of labour is only appropriate for inefficient primigravid labour. Failure to progress in a multiparous woman is more likely to be due to obstruction. Low residue, easily digested foodstuffs are not necessarily contraindicated during normal labour. When properly used, Entonox can provide analgesia equivalent to 75-100 mg pethidine. Sodium citrate is the antacid of choice during labour and should be combined with an H2-receptor blocking agent for caesarean section, or other procedure involving anaesthesia. The routine injection of Syntometrine at delivery of the anterior shoulder to prevent PPH is widespread in the UK but has not been properly tested. Oxytocics are invaluable in the treatment of PPH.
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PMID:Prescribing for labour. 287 14

The analgesic effect of intraventricular somatostatin-14 (SOM-14), arginine vasopressin (AVP), and oxytocin (OT) were tested in one terminally ill cancer patient with a diffuse mesothelioma suffering intractable continuous and incapacitating thoracic pain. SOM-14 reduced pain by 90% for 48 min; AVP reduced pain by 95% for 75 min, and OT reduced pain by 88% for 77 min. The only notable side effects were seen after the administration of AVP, which induced anesthesia and flaccid paralysis of the lower limbs, from which the patient fully recovered after 20 h.
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PMID:Intraventricular somatostatin-14, arginine vasopressin, and oxytocin: analgesic effect in a patient with intractable cancer pain. 289 90

This study uses a matched cohort design to compare the process and outcome of patients whose labor was induced using oxytocin with those entering labor spontaneously in a network of small community hospitals. The patients with induced labor more frequently had an arrest of dilatation and had infants who showed more abnormalities of fetal heart rate. There were no differences in infant APGAR scores. The previously reported increases in epidural anesthesia, episiotomy, and assisted deliveries in patients with induced labor were not found, suggesting a significantly different style of care provided by family physicians in small community hospitals.
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PMID:Oxytocin and the induction of labor: use in a network of community hospitals. 292 25

A retrospective review identified 56 patients with uterine inversion, from July 1977 through June 1986, from weekly obstetric statistics, delivery records and computerized discharge diagnoses. All patients underwent delivery by house officers, midwives or medical students under supervision. An analysis of the data revealed that the risk factors were primiparity, a fundally implanted placenta and delivery of a macrosomic fetus. Also, patients who received oxytocin with or without MgSO4 were at higher risk of puerperal inversion. MgSO4 by itself did not appear to be a risk factor. A placenta attached at the time of inversion appeared to have a protective effect against the development of shock. The use of betamimetics or MgSO4 appeared to be an acceptable alternative to general anesthesia in relaxing the uterus and aiding in its repositioning. Those agents were more likely to be successful in acute cases than in subacute ones and in second-degree inversion than in third-degree.
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PMID:Acute puerperal uterine inversion. New approaches to management. 292 34

We have developed and validated a push-pull technique that allows focal perfusion of the ovary in unanesthetized freely moving rats. We have used this method to investigate the intraovarian secretion of catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine), oxytocin, beta-endorphin and gamma-amino-butyric acid (GABA) during the estrous cycle. Cycling animals were implanted with ovarian push-pull catheters and jugular vein catheters under ether anaesthesia on proestrus, estrus and diestrous Day 2. This procedure did not disrupt normal preovulatory release of prolactin and luteinizing hormone (LH). Thus, perfusion of the ovary and simultaneous monitoring of hormone levels in systemic blood in freely moving rats allow correlation of the temporal relationship of ovarian events with cyclic gonadotropin secretion. The results clearly indicate that a rise in ovarian norepinephrine occurs concomitant with the preovulatory surge in prolactin and LH. Ovarian beta-endorphin concentrations exhibit cyclic changes, whereas GABA release rates remain stable throughout the cycle. Oxytocin is secreted by ovarian tissue, and the secretion rate appears to be inversely related to prolactin. In view of the proposed involvement of ovarian nerves and particularly catecholamines in the process of follicular maturation and ovulation, our findings suggest a preovulatory activation of ovarian noradrenergic sympathetic neurons.
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PMID:Intraovarian secretion of catecholamines, oxytocin, beta-endorphin, and gamma-amino-butyric-acid in freely moving rats: development of a push-pull tubing method. 294 38

The effect of intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) treatment of rat atrial natriuretic factor III (ANF III; 0.5 microgram) was measured on the arginine-8-vasopressin (AVP) and oxytocin (OXT) contents of rat hypothalamic and limbic brain areas as well as those in the plasma. The hormone concentrations were determined by radioimmunoassay (RIA). The administration of ANF III in conscious euhydrated rats resulted in a significant reduction of both AVP and OXT contents in the hippocampus. Ether anesthesia interfered with the effect of ANF III, since in anesthetized rats ANF III reduced the levels of AVP and OXT in the septal regions, too. ANF III had no effect on the basal plasma AVP and OXT concentrations, however, the peptide inhibited the plasma AVP and OXT elevation induced by hyperosmosis (intraperitoneal injection of 2.5% NaCl). The results suggest that ANF III may be important in the control of the activity of both the peripheral (hypothalamo-neurohypophyseal) and the central (brain) AVP-ergic and OXT-ergic systems.
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PMID:The effect of atrial natriuretic factor on arginine-8-vasopressin and oxytocin levels in various brain regions and plasma. 297 24

The hypothesis that ECT produces selective effects on hypothalamic-pituitary activity was investigated by determining the effect of ECT on pituitary hormone release in nine depressed patients. After ECT there were massive and rapid increases in the plasma concentrations of nicotine- and oestrogen-stimulated neurophysin (NSN and ESN), prolactin (PRL) and adrenocorticotropin (ACTH), smaller increases in plasma luteinizing hormone (LH) and cortisol, a significant decrease in plasma growth hormone (GH) concentration but no change in plasma thyrotropin (TSH). There was significant attenuation of PRL responses with repeated ECT. The hormonal responses to ECT cannot simply be attributed to stress, since a similar pattern of increases in plasma hormone concentrations did not occur in psychologically normal patients in whom plasma hormone concentrations were measured during induction of anaesthesia and abdominal incision for cholecystectomy. Analysis of these hormonal responses in terms of the knowledge available on the neurotransmitter control of pituitary hormone release suggests that some of these hormonal responses to ECT may be mediated by the activation of serotonergic neurones, while others are probably due to direct stimulation of the neuroendocrine neurones themselves.
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PMID:Selective effects of ECT on hypothalamic-pituitary activity. 303 82

Although theoretically important, the bulk of obstetric literature indicates that scar separation following a lower transverse uterine incision is not a significant problem in clinical obstetrics. The need for emergency intervention for such scar separation is not increased over that in any laboring patient for a number of other causes. Ideally, the capability of emergency intervention should be available for any laboring patient. In reality, however, such a situation will not commonly be present in all hospitals in the United States. The absence of in-house anesthesia coverage does not appear to be a valid reason to exclude the carefully informed patient from a trial of labor following a previous low transverse uterine incision. Not only is scar separation infrequent, but maternal and perinatal morbidity should be negligible when such scar separation does occur. The use of oxytocin and epidural anesthesia appears to be appropriate. The latter does not mask signs or symptoms of scar separation. Because most scar separation will be heralded by the appearance of variable decelerations, extremely careful fetal heart-rate monitoring is mandatory for any patient laboring with a previous uterine incision. Finally, the detection of an asymptomatic scar separation after successful vaginal delivery in a nonbleeding patient does not appear to mandate repair. However, the uncertainties regarding the method of delivery for future pregnancies should be carefully explained to such patients if nonrepair is elected.
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PMID:Rupture of the scarred uterus. 322 74

This article reviews current understanding of the physiological control of maternal behaviour in parturient ewes. Estradiol is an important endocrine factor which stimulates maternal responsiveness, both in nonpregnant and in parturient ewes. However, its action depends on previous maternal experience, and other factors are also necessary for the rapid manifestation of maternal behaviour. Olfactory cues play a major role in the normal development of the mother-young relationship. Genital stimulation (GS) is a key factor influencing various aspects of maternal responsiveness in sheep. GS acts in synergy with peripheral hormones to induce the rapid onset of licking and immediate acceptance of a neonate at the udder in nonpregnant ewes. It also influences the attraction of amniotic fluid at parturition and reduces aggressive behaviour towards lambs. Deprivation of GS by peridural anesthesia disturbs maternal behaviour in parturient ewes, especially in primiparae. And, additional GS in postparturient ewes allows the formation of a new bond with an alien neonate in mothers which had already established a selective relationship with their own lambs. Some of these positive effects of GS are mediated through modifications of olfactory function (attraction of amniotic fluid, establishment of a selective bond), whereas this may not be the case for other effects (stimulation of licking, reduction of aggressive behaviour). Studies of the neural mechanisms involved will be necessary to specify the modes of action of GS. The first results suggest GS may act in at least two ways at the level of the brain. Stimulation of maternal behaviour could depend on the liberation of oxytocin within the brain, since intracerebroventricular injections of this hormone facilitate maternal responses. Also, GS can influence olfactory function through the activation of afferent noradrenergic pathways in the olfactory bulbs. Further studies need to be developed to specify the relationships between the various structures involved as well as the level at which estradiol exerts its facilitatory action.
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PMID:Genital, olfactory, and endocrine interactions in the development of maternal behaviour in the parturient ewe. 328 20

When a boa was producing lumps of proteinaceous material during labour, and administration of calcium and oxytocin failed to be effective, and lumps continued to be palpable, it was decided to perform (partial) salpingectomy. Premedication consisted in administration of metomidate, anaesthesia being produced by halothane, oxygen and nitrous oxide given by intubation with a cuffed tube. The incision was made in the median line; the fat corpuscles were separated along the abdominal veins to gain access to the coelomic cavity; those portions of the two oviducts which showed changes were resected. The abdominal wall was sutured using intradermal sutures. Dressing of the wound.
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PMID:[Dysfunction of the oviducts and salpingectomy in a boa (C. constrictor). Description of a case]. 337 83


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