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Query: UNIPROT:P01178 (oxytocin)
 15,767 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Substernal and epigastric pain occurring during labor was not considered important until the first postpartum day when an obvious myocardial infarction was diagnosed in a 37-year-old woman. Angiography revealed normal coronary arteries, and the myocardial infarction was postulated to be due to arterial spasm in association with smoking, oxytocin, ephedrine, and epidural anesthesia.
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PMID:Case report of myocardial infarction in labor. 195 67

The effects of various stressful conditions on the levels of oxytocin (OT) and vasopressin (VP) in plasma and cisternal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of male rats were investigated. Three experimental models were used: exposure to a novel environment for 5 min, immobilization for 15 min, and ether inhalation for 10 min resulting in anaesthesia. Novelty and immobilization induced a slight but significant increase in OT levels in the CSF immediately after the stress. The effect of ether was considerably more pronounced. The concentration of VP in the CSF was elevated only by ether stress. In plasma, the level of OT was increased immediately following immobilization and ether stress but not after novelty stress, whereas VP only showed a delayed response 20 min after immobilization. These results indicate a rapid preferential release of OT in the periphery in response to physical and pharmacological stress. In addition, they provide evidence that release of OT into the CSF is triggered by physical, pharmacological as well as emotional stress, while the central release of VP is rather resistant to emotional stress. The data suggest that OT is a stress hormone in the central nervous system.
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PMID:Differential effects of emotional and physical stress on the central and peripheral secretion of neurohypophysial hormones in male rats. 200 57

The continuous presence of a supportive companion (doula) during labor and delivery in two studies in Guatemala shortened labor and reduced the need for cesarean section and other interventions. In a US hospital with modern obstetric practices, 412 healthy nulliparous women in labor were randomly assigned to a supported group (n = 212) that received the continuous support of a doula or an observed group (n = 200) that was monitored by an inconspicuous observer. Two hundred four women were assigned to a control group after delivery. Continuous labor support significantly reduced the rate of cesarean section deliveries (supported group, 8%; observed group, 13%; and control group, 18%) and forceps deliveries. Epidural anesthesia for spontaneous vaginal deliveries varied across the three groups (supported group, 7.8%; observed group, 22.6%; and control group, 55.3%). Oxytocin use, duration of labor, prolonged infant hospitalization, and maternal fever followed a similar pattern. The beneficial effects of labor support underscore the need for a review of current obstetric practices.
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PMID:Continuous emotional support during labor in a US hospital. A randomized controlled trial. 201 57

Identification of specific cell types is fundamental to interpreting single cell recording studies. The hypothalamic supraoptic nucleus (SON) contains phasic (putative vasopressin) cells and a mixed population of continuously firing vasopressin and oxytocin cells. We injected cholecystokinin (CCK-8; i.v.), which is known to release oxytocin but not vasopressin, to see if such injections might differentiate oxytocin from vasopressin cells. Recordings made, using the ventral surgical approach to the SON in female rats under urethane anaesthesia (1.3 g/kg) from 49 non-phasic cells showed that CCK-8 (20 micrograms/kg) excited 41. Twenty of these 41 cells were tested for their response to i.v. injections of phenylephrine (10 micrograms), which interrupts the firing of putative vasopressin cells, and none were inhibited. Only one out of 8 cells recorded from suckled, lactating rats which showed a burst of spikes just before reflex milk-ejection was inhibited by phenylephrine. Injections of CCK-8 also excited 4 out of four such 'milk ejection' cells. Cells activated by CCK, cells unaffected by phenylephrine, cells activated just before reflex milk-ejection and cells which fire continuously appear to be a single population, thus continuous firing gives a good indication that an SON cell secretes oxytocin.
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PMID:Identification of oxytoxin cells in the rat supraoptic nucleus by their response to cholecystokinin injection. 202 16

A 23-year-old woman with Marfan's syndrome was scheduled for Cesarean section at 31 week gestation because of progressive aortic dissection. Since she had undergone two surgical corrections for scoliosis (Harrington rod instrumentation) 5 and 12 years ago, we selected general anesthesia. She had been taking diltiazem and propranolol for hypertension and tachycardia. Anesthesia was induced with thiopental 75 mg iv followed by O2-N2O-enflurane (4%) by face mask. Following iv administration of vecuronium 4 mg and tracheal injection of 4% lidocaine 120 mg, the trachea was intubated without a significant hemodynamic change. Anesthesia was maintained with O2-N2O-enflurane (0.5-1.5%) before delivery. Following delivery, enflurane was discontinued and small doses of fentanyl iv (total 0.2 mg) were given with iv infusion of nitroglycerin (0.2-0.5 micrograms.kg-1.min-1) during surgery. Bleeding after delivery was controllable by iv infusion of oxytocin. The Apgar score was good (9 at 1 min and 10 at 5 min respectively). Post-operative course was uneventful. Therapeutic abortion or Cesarean section should be performed as soon as possible in a patient with dissecting aortic aneurysm because of increasing risk of aneurysm rupture during pregnancy. During the surgery, minimal hemodynamic changes are required to prevent the rupture.
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PMID:[General anesthesia for cesarean section in a patient with Marfan's syndrome associated with dissecting aortic aneurysm]. 205 91

67 nulliparous women aged 20-29 delivering during a 1-year period in 1987 and 1988 were evaluated to study the incidence of cesarean section in developing countries, as this procedure is associated with high maternal mortality (1/100 operations). If cervical dilatation was less than 1 cm/hour iv oxytocin was administered. Fetal heart rate was monitored. Pudendal block anesthesia was given for forceps delivery and spinal anesthesia was administered for cesarean section. Labor lasted less than 6 hr in 26 (39%), it lasted 6-12 hr in 30 (45%), and it lasted 12 hr in 11 cases (16%). There were 6 (9%) forceps deliveries for fetal distress. In 31 (46%) women spontaneous rupture of the membranes occurred. Oxytocin was applied in 12 (18%) cases. 5 infants (7.5%) weighed less than 2500 g and 61 (91%) weighed between 2500 g and 3999 g. A regional hospital had 283 cesarean sections (12.6%) mostly for dystocia and previous cesarean over a 1-year period out 2240 births. Active management of labor reduces the use of cesarean operations. Recognition of inefficient uterine action minimizes dystocia, however, the use of oxytocin in multiparous women poses the risk of uterine rupture. A large prospective study is needed to evaluate the effect of active management of labor on the rate of cesarean sections.
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PMID:Experience with an active labour management protocol and reduction of caesarean section rate in Nicaragua. 221 21

The relationships between epidural anesthesia and selected intrapartum outcomes was examined in 140 first-term pregnancies. Significant relationships were found with four outcomes: increased use of forceps or vacuum extractor, increased length of second stage labor, increased incidence of Cesarean birth, and increased need for oxytocin augmentation. These findings have significant implications for staffing on labor units and costs.
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PMID:Economic considerations for epidural anesthesia in childbirth. 223 40

In 1988, the American College of Obstetricians and gynecologists (ACOG) decided that vaginal delivery after a previous cesarean delivery (trial of labor, TOL) was an acceptable alternative to elective repeat cesarean delivery. ACOG stated that there appears to be no absolute contraindication to epidural anesthesia for labor during TOL. The concern is that should there be a uterine rupture, would the epidural anesthesia mask the abdominal pain? The incidence of complete rupture with trial of labor is reported to be 0.3-0.5%. In our review of 10,967 patients undergoing TOL, only 22% of complete ruptures presented with abdominal pain; 76% presented with signs of fetal distress diagnosed by continuous electronic fetal monitoring. Thus abdominal pain is an unreliable sign of complete uterine rupture. There have been no reports of epidural anesthesia delaying the diagnosis of uterine rupture. In the review of 10,967 patients undergoing TOL, there were no maternal deaths and only nine fetal deaths secondary to complete uterine rupture. The literature strongly suggests that epidural anesthesia is safe in TOL even when oxytocin is used for augmentation of labor.
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PMID:The role of epidural anesthesia in trial of labor. 229 86

The study was conducted to determine the significance of meconium staining and more specifically its association with fetal heart rate patterns. Five hundred and one patients in labor were examined, 106 of whom had meconium stained amniotic fluid. A multivariate analysis of the data was performed by logistic regression analysis using meconium staining as the dependent variable. The determinants of meconium in the amniotic fluid were gestational age, base deficit, calcified placenta, late decelerations and placental weight. The following variables had no effect on the occurrence of meconium: maternal age, type of risk, parity, fetal sex, duration of labor, duration of the second stage of labor, entanglement of the umbilical cord, FHR variability, variable decelerations, oxytocin usage, type of anesthesia, maternal smoking and alcohol consumption habits. In conclusion, meconium in the amniotic fluid seems to be associated with placental rather than with umbilical insufficiency.
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PMID:Significance of meconium staining of the amniotic fluid. 229 57

Serum GH levels increased in 2- or 8-day-old rat pups when sucking mammary glands whose main milk ducts were ligated. Although intragastric administration of rat milk has been shown to increase serum GH levels in neonatal rats, ingestion of milk during suckling did not increase serum GH values further. In another experiment, 2-day-old pups obtained no milk when they were suckled by anaesthetized mothers, and in this instance the serum GH concentration of the pups decreased. This decrease was prevented if the mothers were injected with oxytocin to counteract the depressant effect of the anaesthesia on milk ejection; nevertheless, GH levels in neonatal animals failed to increase following suckling. Thus some aspect of maternal activity appears to be involved in the suckling-induced increase of serum GH in rat pups. To elucidate which components of maternal activity might be involved, the effects of manipulations of ambient temperature as well as stimulation of the oral or anogenital regions were examined. Exposing rat pups to 37 degrees C (nest temperature) during the 6-h separation period before suckling prevented the separation-induced decrease in serum GH levels of 2-day-old pups. Moreover, exposure to 37 degrees C for 30 min following a 6-h separation at room temperature (22 degrees C) mimicked the effect of suckling in increasing serum GH levels in the pups. Suckling following separation at 37 degrees C was unable to increase serum GH values further.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Maternal modulation of growth hormone secretion in the neonatal rat: involvement of mother-offspring interactions. 231 17


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