Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P01178 (oxytocin)
 15,767 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Labor characteristics in 89 women undergoing a second vaginal delivery 10-18 years after the first were compared retrospectively with those of 136 women with an interval of 1-4 years between their first and second vaginal deliveries and with those of 128 nulliparous women. The pelvic findings on admission, average length of stages 1 and 2 of labor, average cervical dilation per hour and rates of surgical intervention in relation to arrest disorders were similar in the two multiparous groups and significantly different from these parameters in the nulliparous group. Women with long intervals between their first and second vaginal deliveries should be managed in the same way as are other multiparas and not like nulliparas with respect to such issues as indications for oxytocin treatment, surgical intervention and use of conduction anesthesia.
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PMID:Characteristics of second labor occurring 10 or more years after the first. 161 9

The general pharmacological properties of (-)-(S)-9-fluoro-2,3-dihydro-3- methyl-10-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)-7-oxo-7H-pyrido[1,2,3-de][1,4] benzoxazine-6-carboxylic acid hemihydrate (levofloxacin, DR-3355, CAS 100986-85-4), an optically active isomer of ofloxacin, were examined. 1. Central nervous system (CNS): DR-3355 at 200-600 mg/kg p.o. showed depressant activity on the CNS, as was indicated by the depressant syndrome (mice), decreased spontaneous motor activity (mice) and hypothermia (mice and rabbits). In the cat behavior and EEG experiments, it had both stimulant and depressant effects at 30-100 mg/kg i.p., and caused transient slow waves followed by seizures at 20-30 mg/kg i.v. DR-3355 had no effect on convulsion, hexobarbital anesthesia, pain reaction to a tail pinch, or conditioned avoidance response, except that it showed mild analgesic activity in acetic acid writhing at 600 mg/kg p.o. 2. Respiratory and cardiovascular system: DR-3355 produced a hypotensive and a bradycardiac effect after the rapid i.v. injection of 6 mg/kg or more in anesthetized dogs, accompanied by an increase in plasma histamine concentration. Both changes were markedly reduced when the test drug was administered by continuous i.v. infusion. 3. Autonomic nervous system: DR-3355 inhibited nictitating membrane contraction induced by both pre- and post-ganglionic stimulation, and inhibited the depressor response to acetylcholine at 20 mg/kg i.v. It had no influence on pupil size or on pressor response to norepinephrine. 4. Gastrointestinal system: DR-3355 at 600 mg/kg p.o. inhibited gastric secretion. Dog gastrointestinal motility was slightly inhibited, and was then stimulated over the dose range of 2-20 mg/kg i.v. It had no influence on gastrointestinal propulsion, the gastric emptying rate or the gastric mucosa. 5. Isolated smooth muscle: At a concentration of 5 x 10(-4) g/ml, DR-3355 was devoid of spasmogenic or smasmolytic activity, except for showing a slight relaxation effect (trachea), inhibition of nicotine-induced contraction (ileum) and spontaneous or oxytocin-induced motility (pregnant uterus). 6. Miscellaneous: DR-3355 inhibited the urine output and carrageenin-induced paw edema at 600 mg/kg p.o. It had no effect on skeletal muscle contraction or the corneal reflex.
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PMID:General pharmacology of the new quinolone antibacterial agent levofloxacin. 162 43

During the induction-delivery interval for Caesarean section delivery, 2% halothane in pure oxygen was administered. The technique was compared to a 0.5% halothane in 50% oxygen/50% nitrous oxide anaesthesia. When a continuous infusion of oxytocin was administered, no excessive haemorrhage was seen. No maternal reminiscence was seen using 2% halothane, but awareness was recorded using 0.5% halothane in 50% nitrous oxide in 15% of the mothers. When there were no signs of preoperative fetal distress, the neonates were unaffected by the halothane concentration provided the induction-delivery interval was short. In cases of fetal distress, the administration of 2% halothane further aggravated the condition of the neonates, as indicated by lowered 1-min Apgar scores, umbilical oxygen tensions, pH and base excess values.
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PMID:Halothane 2% for caesarean section. 162 35

The colchicine-induced accumulation of vasopressin (AVP) and oxytocin (OXT) has recently been applied to estimate the synthesis and turnover rates for these neuropeptides in whole rat hypothalamus. In the present studies, this pharmacologic procedure has been examined as a potential method for estimating hypothalamic somatostatin (SRIF) synthesis rate, and evaluated further for its utility in estimating nonapeptide synthesis in individual hypothalamic nuclei. Adult male rats received a single injection of colchicine (8 micrograms) into the third ventricle under pentobarbital anesthesia. Twenty-four hr later, immunoreactive (IR) levels of AVP and OXT increased considerably, as previously noted. Hypothalamic IR-SRIF levels, however, were unaffected. The absolute increases in IR-AVP and IR-OXT were greatest in the supraoptic nucleus (SON), with smaller increments in the para/periventricular hypothalamus (PVH) and the median eminence (ME). IR-SRIF levels showed no changes in the PVH or the ME. As a test, the method was applied to the detection of changes in AVP synthesis in diabetic rats. The colchicine procedure reported increases in AVP synthesis in both the SON and PVH in diabetic animals, a result compatible with that obtained previously for whole hypothalamus using radiolabeled procedures. Together, the results indicate that the colchicine procedure is useful in detecting changes in the syntheses of some (AVP and OXT) but not all (SRIF) neuropeptides, and that when applicable, the method is sufficiently sensitive to detect changes in small hypothalamic regions. The method may prove useful in estimating changes in peptide synthesis analogous to that used for serotonin and dopamine; e.g., 5-hydroxytryptophan and dopa accumulation following inhibition of aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase.
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PMID:Colchicine-induced increases in immunoreactive neuropeptide levels in hypothalamus: use as an index of biosynthesis. 167 40

We examined the responses of vasopressin-neurons (VP-neurons) and oxytocin-neurons (OT-neurons) to acute salt-loading in a group of conscious rats (CON, n = 8) and rats under sodium pentobarbital (NEM, 50 mg/kg, i.p., n = 8) or urethane (URE, 1.6 g/kg, i.p. n = 8) anesthesia. Fifteen minutes following the induction of anesthesia, sodium pentobarbital produced an increase in basal plasma osmolality (Posm, 290 +/- 2 to 296 +/- 3 mosm/kg H2O, p less than 0.007) while urethane did not change basal Posm (287 +/- 2 to 289 +/- 2 mosm/kg H2O). Neither anesthetic agent resulted in any significant changes in basal plasma levels of vasopressin-associated neurophysin (VP-RNP) and oxytocin-associated neurophysin (OT-RNP). In response to intravenous infusion of 18% saline, all three groups of rats had similar rises in Posm. The slopes of the relationship between the rise in plasma VP-RNP and the rise in Posm were markedly reduced in both groups of anesthetized animals compared to that observed for conscious animals (CON = 2.54 +/- 0.5; NEM = 1.22 +/- 0.18; URE = 1.17 +/- 0.24 fmol.ml-1.mosm-1.kg H2O-1 p less than 0.0126). The slopes of the relationship between the rise in plasma OT-RNP and the rise in Posm were not significantly (p less than 0.4478) different between the CON group and the NEM group, while the slope for the URE group was significantly (p less than 0.05) smaller than that for the CON group (CON = 10.9 +/- 1.5; NEM = 9.3 +/- 1.5; URE = 6.3 +/- 0.7 fmol.ml-1.mosm-1.kg H2O-1).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Influence of pentobarbital and urethane on release from magnocellular neurons. 174 63

The course of labour in 22 patients with antepartum fetal death who received epidural anaesthesia was evaluated as compared to 22 controls matched for parity and gestational age, who received narcotic pain relief. Both groups had similar preinduction cervical dilatation and the induction was performed by amniotomy and oxytocin infusion. The mean first stage of labour was 5.4 hours in the epidural group, and 8.7 hours in the controls (p = 0.0192). The mean cervical dilatation rate was 3.3 cm/hour and 1.0 cm/hour respectively (p = 0.0142). The second stage was similar in both groups. We conclude, that parturients receiving epidural anaesthesia may benefit both emotionally and physically from excellent pain relief and a shorter delivery process when going through the distressing experience of delivering a dead fetus.
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PMID:Influence of epidural anaesthesia on the course of labour in patients with antepartum fetal death. 180 84

Oxytocin was injected into the umbilical vein in 8 patients whose third stage of labor was complicated by retention of the placenta. The placenta was delivered in all patients within 3 min after the injection, avoiding thus the need for manual removal. This method seems to be effective, quick and safe in the management of retained placenta, and decreases the risks associated with the use of anesthesia and puerperal complications such as infection or trauma to the uterus.
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PMID:[Management of total placental retention with oxytocin injected into the umbilical vein]. 184 6

Manual removal of the placenta carries significant risk of hemorrhage and infection plus the risks associated with general anesthesia, if used. Transporting the patient from home or birthing center to hospital or from birthing room to delivery room or operating room is also disruptive to the patient and the initial parent-infant attachment process. The injection of oxytocin into the umbilical vein is a safe procedure that can cause placental separation and delivery, thus preventing the need for manual removal for some women. This technique can be useful in a nurse-midwifery practice in the management of a retained placenta or prolonged third stage of labor. The following review of current research and example of a protocol used in a nurse-midwifery service will provide guidance for incorporating this procedure into practice. As with any new technique, the need to continue to collect and publish outcome data is important.
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PMID:Management of retained placenta using intraumbilical oxytocin injection. 189 73

The effectiveness of intravenous nitroglycerin infusion in lowering maternal blood pressure and in blunting the hemodynamic responses to endotracheal intubation was evaluated in six primigravid women with severe preeclampsia. Monitoring consisted of continuous electrocardiogram monitoring, arterial cannulation, and flow-directed pulmonary arterial catheterization in each patient. All patients underwent oxytocin induction of labor and crystalloid and/or colloid expansion to produce a pulmonary capillary wedge pressure of 10 to 15 mm Hg and a colloid osmotic pressure of greater than 17 mm Hg. Intravenous nitroglycerin was administered before induction of general anesthesia. The hemodynamic effects associated with endotracheal intubation revealed a change in the heart rate from 104 +/- 10 to 133 +/- 17 beats/min, an increase in mean arterial pressure from 134 +/- 12 to 164 +/- 32 mm Hg, and an increase in systemic vascular resistance from 1262 +/- 342 to 1351 +/- 259 dynes-sec-cm-5 that was accompanied by a small change in the cardiac index from 4.5 +/- 1.2 to 4.5 +/- 0.9 L.min-1.m-2.
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PMID:The hemodynamic effects of intubation during nitroglycerin infusion in severe preeclampsia. 847 84

Termination of pregnancy was performed in a standardized, on the cervical state depending manner in 48 patients with abortion between the 16th and 27th week of gestation and in 20 women with intrauterine fetal death (IUFD) between the 28th and 41st week of gestation. At a Bishop-Score (B.S.) less than 7 cervical ripening was induced by intracervical application of 0.1 mg sulprostone gel. In patients with a very unripe cervix (B.S. less than or equal to 3) local applications of prostaglandin gel were repeated at 6 hours intervals until a B.S. greater than or equal to 5 had been achieved. For induction of labour 0.5 mg sulproston was injected intramuscularly after at least one sulproston gel application in a range between B.S. greater than or equal to 5 to 7. At a B.S. 7 intravenous infusion of oxytocin was administered, if necessary, for augmentation of labour. Most of the patients received epidural anaesthesia before induction of labour. The time interval between the beginning of the procedure and expulsion of the fetus ranged from 6.5 to 49.5 hours (mean = 26.3 h) in the abortion group and from 2.0 to 46.0 hours (mean = 20.0 h) in the IUFD group. The median interval between induction of labour and abortion/delivery was 4.3 hours (range: 0.5-27.0), and 5.5 hours (range: 0.7-9.3 h) respectively. No surgical interventions were necessary in any of the patients, and no cervical lesions occurred. Undesired systemic side effects to prostaglandins were observed in only 4 out of the 68 cases.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Pregnancy termination in the 2d and 3d trimester with prostaglandins depending on the cervix status]. 192 41


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