Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UNIPROT:P01178 (oxytocin)
 15,767 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A synthetic analogue, deamino-ethyl-oxytocin, which competitively inhibits vasopressin action on uterine activity both in vitro and in animal experiments was developed. The uterine effect of this analogue was studied during the recording of intrauterine pressure in 16 gynecologically healthy women. Increased uterine activity and dysmenorrhea-like pain was induced by infusing lysine vasopressin in a dose of 0.08 microgram/min. Deamino-ethyl-oxytocin inhibited vasopressin action, the threshold dose being approximately 200 micrograms given as a single intravenous injection for about 20 minutes. When given intranasally the drug was also shown to be effective in inhibiting vasopressin-induced uterine activity and symptoms. These results suggest that deamino-ethyl-oxytocin could be of therapeutic value in primary dysmenorrhea, a condition associated with increased vasopressin secretion.
 ...
PMID:Inhibition of vasopressin effects on the uterus by a synthetic analogue. 687 87

In order to elucidate the mechanism of prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) action to onset of labor, the author observed the changes in maternal peripheral plasma oxytocin, progesterone, estradiol and cystine-aminopeptidase (CAP) activity around the onset of labor by PGF2 alpha. For the investigation, 66 normal pregnant women from 6 to 10 gestational months and same numbers from 39 to 41 gestational weeks were chosen. The blood samples for the latter were drawn just before drip infusion of PGF2 alpha, 5-minutes interval, 3-minutes interval of pain and just after labor. PGF2 alpha administered for labor induction intravenously, and 55 pregnant delivered. 1) The maternal peripheral mean plasma concentrations of them showed increase during pregnancy. There were positive correlations between oxytocin and progesterone, estradiol, CAP. 2) During labor, oxytocin levels increased significantly (p less than 0.01) and progesterone levels decreased significantly (p less than 0.01). On the other hand estradiol levels did not change significantly. CAP levels showed irregular changes. Estradiol-progesterone ratio showed gradual increase. 3) Then during labor, progesterone levels showed negative correlation with oxytocin levels. From this study, the results indicate that significant changes in oxytocin and progesterone and gradual increase estradiol-progesterone ratio are concerned in the onset of labor caused by PGF2 alpha, so labor may progress dynamically.
 ...
PMID:[Changes of oxytocin, progesterone, estradiol and CAP around the labor by prostaglandin F2 alpha (author's transl)]. 694 20

Vasopressin produced analgesia in mice as estimated by using abdominal constriction tests (ED50 8.5 micrograms/kg i.v.) or hot plate method (ED50 63 micrograms/kg i.v.). However, vasopressin (10 micrograms/kg i.v.) produced no depression of locomotor activity in mice. Vasotocin had slight analgesic action; oxytocin or norepinephrine had none and there was no direct correlation between pressor response and analgesia. The analgesic action was nonopiate in nature as it was uninfluenced by the narcotic antagonist naltrexone at 5 to 15 mg/kg, but it was reserved by a vasopressin antagonist. Intraventricular administration of vasopressin (1-10 micrograms/kg) to mice produced no significant analgesia, suggesting a primarily peripheral locus of analgesic action. Vasopressin may play a role as an endogeneous pain regulating substance.
 ...
PMID:Characterization of vasopressin analgesia. 705 94

This article discusses a clinical trial with the abortifacient agent ethacridine lactate as it was used for midtrimester abortion in Calcutta during the period January-July 1980. Results are then compared with intraamniotic hypertonic saline. 130 subjects were divided into 2 groups--Group 1 (60 women) were terminated with ethacridine lactate and group 2 (70 women) were terminated with saline. In cases where the patient complained of pain, analgesia was administered. In both groups, the largest concentration of women fell in the age groups 16-20 and 21-25. Similarly, single women were the largest representation in both groups although the saline group included more widows. Ethacridine lactate can be administered earlier in the 2nd trimester than saline. With it, expulsion occurred within 36 hours in 56.6% of the cases as compared with 22.9% in group 2. Both groups required the same amount of assistance with oxytocin. In group 1, there were only 3 cases (5%) of minor complications whereas in group 2, 19 cases (27.1%) developed complications. This alone strongly recommends ethacridine lactate as the preferred abortifacient. The success rate was 98%. Thus, ethacridine lactate appears to be a safe and effective agent for pregnancy termination during the 2nd trimester.
 ...
PMID:Midtrimester abortion by ethacridine lactate. 714 27

First experiences with Midazolam during parturition of 109 women show that this drug can help to ease delivery by psychical and muscular relaxation. This results also in a shorter length of the delivery period. Midazolam has a half-life of about two hours and can be applied simultaneously with oxytocin by motor driven syringe. Therefore, the application can be well controlled; and the placenta transfer is small. No fetal or maternal side-effect could be observed other than restricted undulatory amplitudes of the cardiotocogram. Midazolam itself does not exhibit analgetic action, but its application allows to break through the circulus vitiosus anxiety-tension-pain. This results in a reduction of breath depressing analgetics such as Pethidin.
 ...
PMID:[Intranatal Administration of midazolam (author's transl)]. 720 Jun 91

This study was designed to evaluate the fetal oxytocin (OT) contribution to the instigation and maintenance of human labor. Plasma samples together with placental tissues and myometria were collected in an effort to determine immunoreactive OT concentrations in plasma, oxytocinase activities in placenta and 3H-labeled OT uptake in myometria respectively and the following results were obtained. OT concentrations in the umbilical arterial plasma (UA) at 20 to 24 weeks were doubled at 37 to 42 weeks suggesting the increase of this hormone to occur in the latter half of pregnancy. The UA values at term were significantly higher than that of maternal peripheral and umbilical venous plasma (MPV and UV). OT concentrations in UA and UV showed a linear correlation but not with MPV. The study of labor (+) and labor (-) subjects were performed in cesarean sections as well as in vaginal deliveries. The OT concentrations in UA was higher in cesarean sections with labor pains than without labor pains. In vaginal deliveries, the OT concentrations were much higher. The uptake of biologically active OT estimated by 3H-labeled OT uptake of 20,000 xg precipitate fraction of nonpregnant, first trimester and term myometria were 10.5 plus or minus 3.1, 18.3 plus or minus 6.6 and 35.4 plus or minus 6.6% respectively. While no significant changes of placental oxytocinase activities were found between these specimens. The activities seemed to be lower in cases without labor pain than those with labor pains. These findings suggest that there is OT release from the fetus during labor to participate in the instigation and maintenance of labor with increase of the uterine sensitivity to OT, however it appears to be more active in maintaining labor than in initiating it.
 ...
PMID:[Initiation of labor and the fetal oxytocin contribution (author's transl)]. 721 Dec 27

The aim of this progressive study is to clarify whether the pain-in-labour drugs Oxytocin and Prostaglandin E2 do have an influence on postpartum serumbilirubin concentrations of the neonates. Two groups of neonates in which labour was induced with Oxytocin or Prostaglandin E2 were compared with a control group without pain-in-labour stimulants. The three groups were comparable in respect of obstetrical anamnesis and risk factors. The serumbilirubin concentration of the neonates was controlled at very frequent intervals during the first 72 hours. In the three groups, no difference could be found in the serumbilirubin values during the 72 hours' duration of the study.
 ...
PMID:[Influence of oxytocin and prostaglandin E2 on icterus neonatorum (author's transl)]. 721 66

The effects of stimulation of supraoptic nucleus (SON) on the changes of oxytocin (OT), arginine vasopressin (AVP), norepinephrine (NE) and serotonin (5-HT) in the perfusate of locus coeruleus (LC) and changes of pain threshild (PT) were studied by methods of microinjection, radioimmunoassay (RIA) and high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) technique. The results showed that the OT contents at 30, 60 and 90 min after stimulation, that of AVP at 30 min and 5-HT at 60 min were increased significantly, while the NE contents at 30 and 60 min were decreased markedly. Injection of V1 antagonist into LC did not affect the analgesic effect caused by administration of L-glutamic acid (L-Glu) into SON, which, however, could be partially inhibited by V2 antagonist or even reversed by OT antagonist. The above results suggested that the analgesic effect due to stimulation of SON is caused by increase of 5-HT and decreases of NE in the LC though the action of OT released by SON on OT and V2 receptor in LC.
 ...
PMID:[Role of locus coeruleus in analgesia caused by stimulation of supraoptic nucleus]. 748 72

The general pharmacological study of iodixanol, a non-ionic isotonic contrast medium, was conducted. 1) Iodixanol administered intravenously over a dose range of 320 to 3,200 mgI/kg had little or no effect on the general behavior, spontaneous locomotor activity, hexobarbital sleeping time, pain response, electroshock- or pentylenetetrazol-induced convulsion (mouse), EEG or body temperature (rabbit), gastrointestinal propulsion (mouse) or skeletal muscle contraction (rabbit). Iodixanol had no specific interaction with acetylcholine, histamine, serotonin, nicotin, BaCl2 (ileum), methacholine (trachea), isoprenaline (atrium) or oxytocin (pregnant uterus), nor had any effect on spontaneous contractility (atrium and uterus), or transmural electrostimulation-induced contractility (vas deferens) at concentrations of < or = 3.2 x 10(-3) gI/ml in vitro. Iodixanol had no effect on the cardiovascular system of dog, except that it increased femoral blood flow and respiratory rate at doses of > or = 1,000 mgI/kg. Iodixanol at 3,200 mgI/kg i.v. reduced urine output with a decrease in Na+ and Cl- excretion, whereas at 320 mgI/kg i.v., it slightly increased urine output (rat). 2) Injections of iodixanol into the cerebroventricular (0.96, 9.6 mgI/mouse and 3.2, 32 mgI/rat), left ventricular (1,920, 6,400 mgI/dog) or coronary artery (640, 1,920 mgI/dog) had no conspicuous effect on the central nervous system or the cardiovascular system, respectively. There was no marked difference among iodixanol, iohexol and iopamidol in this respect. Vascular pain during injection into the femoral artery (300-320 mgI/guinea pig) appeared to be less intense with iodixanol, compared with the other contrast media iohexol and iopamidol. These results suggest that intravenous injection of iodixanol is relatively free from pharmacological activity, and effects of iodixanol on the central nervous system (intracerebroventricular injection) and cardiovascular system (intra-left ventricular and -coronary injections) are comparable to those of iohexol and iopamidol. Furthermore, intra-femoral injection of iodixanol has less of a tendency to produce vascular pain than those of iohexol and iopamidol.
 ...
PMID:[General pharmacological study of iodixanol, a new non-ionic isotonic contrast medium]. 749 Jul 85

Quality assurance in the care of breast-feeding women and their nursing infants also applies to drugs administered during delivery and puerperium. Large variations among hospitals may indicate that drug use is irrational. A survey comparing the extent of drug sales from the hospital pharmacy to maternity wards in eight Norwegian hospitals was performed in 1992 and the results were compared with data from 1988. The purpose was to examine whether the drug use was "baby-friendly" with regard to the following criteria; proven efficacy for the indication; no effect on milk ejection, milk production and interaction with infant; minimal transfer of drug to milk. Large variations were found among hospitals in the case of some oxytocic drugs. High use of oxytocin as nasal spray and metylergometrine as tablets may indicate unnecessary use of drugs. A large decrease (89%) in the use of hypnotics was found from 1988 to 1992, which may indicate previous irrational use of these drugs. Pethidine as pain relief during delivery remained stable during this period, and was received by 40-60% of women giving birth. None of the drugs given to the mothers was assessed to represent a risk to the breast-fed infant. In general, drug use in maternity wards had decreased during the last four years and, with some exceptions, appeared to be more baby-friendly.
 ...
PMID:[Is drug use in maternity wards baby-friendly enough?]. 749 9


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>