Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UNIPROT:P01178 (oxytocin)
 15,767 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effects of epidural analgesia, given during the first stage of labor, on the course of labor, mode of delivery, and fetal outcome were evaluated in 43 matched controlled patients. Both stages of labor were prolonged, more forceps were applied, and more patients needed oxytocin augmentation for a longer period in the epidural group. Cesarean section was associated also with the use of epidural analgesia, owing to failure to progress. Fetal outcome was similar in both groups as judged by Apgar scores. Patients who elect this mode of pain relief in labor should be made aware that these side effects can be expected.
 ...
PMID:Segmental epidural analgesia in labor: a matched control study. 404 55

A comparative study of prostaglandins F2 alpha induced abortion and hysterotomy is presented. The intraamniotic and extraamniotic procedures were employed, using doses of 40 mg and 2.5-5.0 mg of prostaglandin, respectively. Failure to abort by the intraamniotic method occurred in 8% of the cases (50 patients), whereas the failure rate with the extraamniotic method was 42% (51 patients). Oxytocin infusion was administered to 14 of the 30 successful cases in the extraamniotic group and to 16 of the 46 successful cases in the intraamniotic group. No severe side effects occurred except for 1 case of cervical rupture in the intraamniotic group. Nausea and vomiting were the most common side effects. Blood pressure fell significantly in 12 patients in the intraamniotic group, although the decrease was transitory. 14 patients in the intraamniotic group required analgesics for pain. The average hospital stay for intraamniotic patients was 4 days less than for hysterotomy patients.
 ...
PMID:Comparison of abortion performed with prostaglandin F2 alpha and hysterotomy. 444 Oct 29

A rare but difficult to treat complication of midtrimester abortion is cervicovaginal fistula. It has been reported as a consequence of criminal, spontaneous, and induced abortions with either laminaria, Hegar dilatation, puncture of the ovum, or by injection of soap. This condition was recently reported as a consequence of intraamniotic hypertonic saline or prostaglandin (PG) instillation. At the Women's Hospital in Los Angeles, 5291 midtrimester abortions with intraamniotic instillation of hypertonic saline had been performed since the advent of elective abortion. There were 4 cases of central cervical rupture (cervicovaginal fistula) for a net incidence of 1:1000. 3 out of 373 intraamniotic PGF2alpha-treated patients developed cervical fistula for an incidence 10 times higher than saline abortion. Other studies confirm this finding. If all such studies are combined, the net incidence is 9 in 678 cases or 1.3%. High risk patients include those who are pregnant for the 1st time, are less than 21 years old, and are treated with hypertonic saline augmented by oxytocin. The fistula may occur with intraamniotic PGF2alpha alone, but the incidence is greater in patients receiving PGs and oxytocin together. A recurring feature is a moderate to severe cramping pain without cervical response even before oxytocin is started. The use of mechanical dilatation of the cervix with the introduction of either laminaria tents or Foley catheters is suggested for primigravid patients receiving hypertonic saline and intravenous oxytocin augmentation. If cervical spasm is the mechanism of action of PGF2alpha, initial insertion of laminaria should be considered with all primigravid patients. Further study of a larger series should be done to elucidate the role of PGs in the development of cervicovaginal fistula. 7 case reports are presented.
 ...
PMID:Cervicovaginal fistula: an apparent increased incidence with prostaglandin F2alpha. 484 42

Both opioid peptides such as beta-endorphin and met-enkephalin and nonopioid peptides such as vasopressin and oxytocin increase pain thresholds in rodents. Antisera raised against each of these peptides have been developed for use in immunocytochemical and radioimmunoassay procedures. The present study assessed whether central administration of antisera raised against beta-endorphin (ABE), met-enkephalin (AME), arginine, vasopressin (AAVP) or oxytocin (AOT) altered tail-flick latencies elicited by three different levels of radiant heat, jump thresholds, core body temperatures and locomotor activity. ABE induced a transient hyperalgesia on the tail-flick test at thermal levels at which beta-endorphin administration would elicit an analgesic effect. While met-enkephalin increases tail-flick latencies elicited by high thermal levels, AME failed to alter latencies at this level, but rather induced a short-acting hyperalgesia at a low thermal level. While vasopressin increased tail-flick latencies at high thermal levels, AAVP produced reciprocal decreases. Yet AAVP inexplicably induced analgesic effects at moderate and low thermal levels. Finally, while oxytocin increased latencies at high thermal levels, AOT failed to alter latencies. Rather, it decreased latencies at the moderate thermal level and increased latencies at the low thermal level. Neither jump thresholds nor core body temperatures were affected by any antiserum pretreatment. While activity levels were unaffected by either ABE, AME or AAVP pretreatment, AOT decreased activity in a fashion complementry to oxytocin-induced hyperactivity and seizures. There data are discussed in terms of tonic versus phasic influences of these peptides upon pain perception.
 ...
PMID:Pain threshold changes in rats following central injection of beta-endorphin, met-enkephalin, vasopressin or oxytocin antisera. 609 76

Prolyl-leucyl-glycinamide (MIF-1), the C-terminal tripeptide of oxytocin, and naloxone were administered intracranially (IC) to goldfish (Carassius auratus) in doses of 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1.0 and 10.0 mg/kg and compared to a diluent control group for their ability to reduce the effects of morphine (30 mg/kg IC) in an assay measuring analgesia to electric shock. Threshold levels of pain were determined by the voltage necessary to produce an agitated swimming response (ASR). Both MIF-1 and naloxone were found to significantly reduce the analgesic effects of morphine when compared to the diluent control group. Similar dose-response curves in an apparent sine-wave pattern were noted with both MIF-1 and naloxone when comparisons were made both at 20 minutes after administration of morphine and over the entire 150 minutes of the experiment. The results support the evidence that MIF-1 can act as an opiate antagonist.
 ...
PMID:Similar antagonism of morphine analgesia by MIF-1 and naloxone in Carassius auratus. 612 44

The hormonal changes in maternal serum during parturition induced by amniotomy and oxytocin (OXY) infusion or oral prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) medication have been compared in 68 patients (33 women in the PGE2 group, 35 in the oxytocin group). The effect of PGE2 differed from that of oxytocin. Thus the prostaglandin elicited increases in total estriol (p < 0.001) and decreases in prolactin (p < 0.01), TSH (p < 0.05) and HPL (p < 0.05) from the basal level to that immediately before parturition. Maternal serum cortisol levels rose to the same extent in both treatment groups (p < 0.001). The significant (p < 0.05) increase occurred earlier among women receiving PGE2 (two hours into therapy), even though labor pain was experienced later in this group. The serum estriol elevation in these patients was significant three hours after start of therapy (p < 0.05). A similar time course was noted for the decrease of serum prolactin in PGE2 treated patients. The drop in maternal serum levels of HPL and TSH in the PGE2 group was significant only immediately prior to partus. Neither PGE2 nor oxytocin induced changes in maternal serum levels of HCG or alpha-fetoprotein or estradiol. Oxytocin but not PGE2 lead to a decrease in maternal serum progesterone concentrations; this was significant (p < 0.05--p < 0.01) only late in labor. Mixed umbilical serum levels of the hormones mentioned above were the same regardless of method of induction. Hence the increased maternal estriol concentrations during PGE2 treatment were not reflected in fetal blood. It is suggested that increases in maternal estriol levels during PGE2 medication are due to effects on the maternal enterohepatic circulation rather than on the fetoplacental unit. Irrespective of maternal treatment umbilical serum from female newborns contained statistically higher (p < 0.05) levels of estradiol and HCG than serum from male children.
 ...
PMID:Changes in serum hormone levels during labor induced by oral PGE2 or oxytocin infusion. 616 Jul 19

(1) Capsaicin solution was applied for 15 min around a 1 cm length of sciatic nerve in the mid upper leg of adult rats. (2) Electron microscopic examinations of the nerve in the treated region after 14 days shows no signs of degeneration of either myelinated or unmyelinated fibres attributable to the capsaicin. (3) Fluoride resistant acid phosphatase FRAP disappears from the central terminals of the treated nerve by 7 days. (4) 1.5 mM capsaicin is sufficient to product a complete reduction of FRAP in the spinal cord. (5) The peptides substance P and cholecystokinin (CCK) are markedly depleted in the region of spinal cord terminations of the treated nerve at 14 days. (6) Substance P and CCk are not affected in spinal cord regions other than in the unmyelinated afferent terminal zone. Similarly neurotensin and neurophysin which are not present in afferent fibres are not influenced by capsaicin treatment of the sciatic. (7) It is concluded that there are chemical changes in the spinal cord terminals of fine afferents after local peripheral capsaicin.
Pain 1981 Dec
PMID:Effects of capsaicin applied locally to adult peripheral nerve. II. Anatomy and enzyme and peptide chemistry of peripheral nerve and spinal cord. 617 30

Recent neuroanatomical and behavioral evidence has indicated that vasopressin (VP) increases pain thresholds. In the present study intracerebroventricular (ICV) administration of both arginine VP (AVP: 75-500 ng) and 1-deamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin (DDAVP: 150-500 ng) elevated tail flick latencies. Oxytocin (OXY, ICV), also elevated tail-flick latencies (150-1000 ng); however this increase was accompanied by "barrel-roll" seizure activity. VP analgesia was eliminated by pretreatment with 1-deamino-penicillamine-2(O-methyl)tyrosine-AVP (dPTyr(me)AVP: 500 ng, ICV), a VP antagonist, but not naloxone (1 or 10 micrograms, ICV), suggesting that VP modulates nonciceptive thresholds through its own binding sites. Conversely, pretreatment with naloxone (1 micrograms, ICV) but not dPTyr(me)AVP (1 microgram, ICV) attenuated the analgesic efficacy of systemic morphine (10 mg/kg), further dissociating VP and central opiate analgesic processes. Finally, systemic pretreatment with dexamethasone potentiated VP analgesia. These data support the notion that VP is a specific non-opioid pain inhibitor.
 ...
PMID:Vasopressin analgesia: specificity of action and non-opioid effects. 649 25

In a young woman a strong carpal-tunnel-syndrome was observed after everey of her three deliveries, apparently at the termination of the lactation. Pain and tingling in the arms and hands was very good to be influenced by diuretics. It has be concluded from these facts, that this type of carpal-tunnel-syndrome is to trace back to a temporary generalized oedema, probable caused by the hypothalamical oxytocin-producing centre.
 ...
PMID:[Genesis and therapy of postpartum carpal tunnel syndrome]. 652 7

Neonatal serum bilirubin levels were determined at the ages of 12 hrs, 2 days, 3 days, 4 days and 5 days in 80 infants. Forty-three mothers had received segmental epidural analgesia at the height of Th 10-12 for pain relief during the first stage of labor. The analgesic agent used was 0.5% bupivacaine. The individual doses were of 4 ml. Thirty-seven mothers served as a control group. The groups were further divided into smaller groups according to whether oxytocin was used for induction or acceleration of labor--or not. The results showed no statistically significant differences in the neonatal serum bilirubin levels at different times between the epidural and the control groups, whether oxytocin was used or not. Nor did the incidence of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia cases differ between the groups.
 ...
PMID:Effect of segmental epidural analgesia on neonatal serum bilirubin concentration and incidence of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. 686 69


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>