Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UNIPROT:P01178 (oxytocin)
 15,767 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To induce midtrimester abortion, 40 mg prostaglandin F2a (PGF2a) was instilled intraamniotically in 100 patients. Immediately thereafter from 1 to 6 laminaria tents were inserted into the cervix; 6 hours postinjection an iv infusion of oxytocin was begun at a rate of 100 ml/hour. All patients aborted successfully, 86% within 24 hours. 6 who did not abort by 24 hours were reinjected with 20 mg PGF2a. The mean injection-abortion interval was 15.7 hours. The placenta was removed surgically in 26% of the cases. Nausea and vomiting were frequent but were controlled by antiemetics, 11 patients developed fevers between 37.8-38.3 C, which were controlled by parenteral antibiotics. Heavy blood loss occurred in 2 patients. It is concluded that the combined regimen used in this series reduced the injection-abortion interval and frequent need for reinjection that occurs when PGF2a is used alone. The results compare favorably with those of saline-induced abortions and attendant morbidity.
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PMID:Midtrimester abortion utilizing intraamniotic prostaglandin F2alpha, laminaria and oxytocin. 73 76

Oral prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) was used alone or synergistically with intravenous oxytocin to induce labor in 84 women whose pregnancies were at high risk. A control group of 84 similar high-risk pregnancies where labor was induced with intravenous oxytocin alone was studied to compare the safety and efficacy of the two regimens. Oral PGE2 administration, combined with the synergistic effect of intravenous oxytocin, is safe for induction of labor in gravid women whose fetuses are at risk. Uterine polysystole, which is potentially dangerous, especially to the high-risk fetus, was not commonly encountered and only once was associated with transient fetal bradycardia. Uterine hypertonus was not encountered with PGE2; however, it did occur with oxytocin stimulation. Nausea and vomiting occurred in one third of the women treated with PGE2 but were well tolerated and required discontinuation of the drug in only one instance. There was no apparent advantage of using the combination PGE2 regimen in patients whose cervices were more favorable for induction of labor (Bishop score, 5 to 9). However, oral PGE2, used either alone or synergistically with oxytocin, appears twice as effective in inducing labor than was oxytocin alone in women in whom labor was considered to be "difficult to induce" (Bishop score, 0 to 4).
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PMID:Oral prostaglandin E2 for labor induction in high-risk pregnancy. 94 42

Intrauterine prostaglandin (PG) F2 alpha infusion and intravenous (IV) oxytocin infusion were compared to evaluate the effectiveness of the two methods for termination of pregnancies with second-trimester rupture of membranes. Twenty-two women with this complication were randomly allocated to receive either 20 mg PGF2 alpha, diluted in 500 mL of NaCl 0.9% and administered through a Foley catheter inserted through the cervix, or IV oxytocin infusion in increasing doses. All subjects in the PGF2 alpha group aborted after the first administration. Repeat infusion was necessary in three oxytocin-treated subjects. The mean (+/- SD) induction-abortion interval was significantly shorter in those receiving PGF2 alpha (6.7 +/- 1.2 hours) than in those receiving oxytocin (8.8 +/- 2.7 hours). Minor side effects, such as nausea and vomiting, were observed in three women during PGF2 alpha infusion and were treated symptomatically and by temporary interruption of the infusion. Uterine hypertonus, observed in one subject in each group, was treated by temporary cessation of the infusion. We conclude that intrauterine PGF2 alpha infusion seems more effective than IV oxytocin for termination of pregnancies with second-trimester rupture of membranes.
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PMID:Intrauterine PGF2 alpha infusion for termination of pregnancies with second-trimester rupture of membranes. 172 81

Vasopressin and oxytocin are nonapeptides secreted from the neurohypophysis; increases in vasopressin are associated with nausea and vomiting in some, but not all, species. Our aim was to determine whether plasma vasopressin and oxytocin levels were altered in healthy volunteers who did or did not develop nausea during vection, an optokinetic stimulus which produces the illusion of self-motion. Vection was produced by rotating a drum with an inner surface of black and white vertical stripes around the seated stationary subject. Gastric myoelectrical activity was recorded continuously throughout the experiment with electrodes positioned on the abdominal surface. Plasma samples were obtained before vection and after drum rotation stopped when nausea and tachygastria were present. Vasopressin and oxytocin were extracted from plasma and quantified by RIA. During vection six subjects reported nausea and developed gastric dysrhythmias; six other subjects had no nausea and remained in normal 3-cpm myoelectrical rhythms. Vasopressin and oxytocin values before vection were similar in each group of subjects. One minute after vection stopped, plasma vasopressin levels were significantly greater (P less than 0.05) in subjects experiencing nausea and tachygastrias (35.4 +/- 26.7 pmol/L) than in those without symptoms (2.7 +/- 0.47 pmol/L). Oxytocin levels were unchanged by either vection or nausea. It is concluded that 1) vasopressin, not oxytocin, neurons in the magnocellular-neurohypophyseal system are activated during vection-induced nausea and gastric dysrhythmias; and 2) illusory self-motion may be used safely to study the neuroendocrine responses to brain-gut interactions and nausea in man.
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PMID:Vasopressin and oxytocin responses to illusory self-motion and nausea in man. 222 84

Sixty-nine patients (48 primigravidae and 21 multigravidae) with 12 hours of spontaneous premature rupture of membranes (PROM) after 36 weeks gestation were randomly allocated to receive either prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) oral tablets or intravenous oxytocin to stimulate labor. The two treatments were compared regarding stimulation - delivery interval (SDI), analgesic requirements, maternal and fetal side effects, and patient acceptability. The mean SDI was shorter in the oxytocin group, but without statistical significance. Analgesic requirements and fetal side effects were similar in the two groups, but there was a higher incidence of nausea and vomiting in those patients receiving the maximum dose (1 mg hourly) of PGE2. On subjective assessment, clinicians considered oxytocin to be more effective (p less than 0.05), while midwives felt both regimes to be equally helpful. PGE2 oral tablets were significantly (p less than 0.05) more acceptable to the patients, who preferred the convenience of oral dosing, the absence of an i.v. line and the increased mobility. It is concluded that PGE2 tablets are a safe and effective method of stimulating labor following PROM, and highly acceptable to parturients. In those women in whom labor has not been established within 8 h of initiating PGE2 therapy, or in whom gastric side effects are troublesome, intravenous oxytocin should be substituted.
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PMID:A comparison of oral prostaglandin E2 tablets with intravenous oxytocin for stimulation of labor after premature rupture of membranes at term. 325 Jan 83

The aim of this study was to investigate whether direct afferent stimulation of the abdominal vagus could promote release of the neurohypophyseal hormones. The nucleus of the solitary tract is the major recipient of vagal afferent information, and this region of the brainstem may also be activated by stimulation of the area postrema. For this reason apomorphine, a D2 dopaminergic agonist which acts on the area postrema, and can evoke vasopressin secretion in man, was also investigated for its effect on vasopressin and oxytocin release. Our results show that vasopressin, but not oxytocin is released in vast amounts in response to electrical afferent stimulation of the abdominal vagus. Administration of apomorphine also evoked a massive vasopressin release with less marked effects on oxytocin. The possible functional implications of these results are discussed especially in the context of nausea and vomiting.
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PMID:Differential release of vasopressin and oxytocin in response to abdominal vagal afferent stimulation or apomorphine in the ferret. 334 26

Thirty-eight term pregnant women with a moderately unfavorable cervix (cervical score 4-5 p.) were randomly given intravenous oxytocin (Group A) or 3 mg PGE2 as a vaginal suppository (Group B) for labor induction. Eight out of 19 in Group A and 17 out of 19 in Group B gave birth vaginally within 24 h. The remaining 11 women in Group A had still an unfavorable cervix after 24 h. They were then given 3 mg PGE2 as a vaginal suppository and all but one had given birth vaginally without complications within 24 h. In Group B only 2 were still undelivered after 24 h. Both had a favorable cervix and were delivered vaginally within 12 h after intravenous infusion of oxytocin. The number of instrumental deliveries in Group A was one cesarean section and two vacuum extractions and in Group B three vacuum extractions. One woman in Group B reported nausea and vomiting and in one had strong uterine contractions in the second stage of labor. Otherwise no side effects were registered. All babies were born in good condition with Apgar scores greater than or equal to 7. In conclusion, vaginal application of 3 mg PGE2 as a suppository seems to be more effective than intravenous infusion of oxytocin for labor induction in women with half-ripened cervices, i.e. cervical scores of 4-5 p.
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PMID:Induction of labor with intravenous oxytocin or vaginal PGE2 suppositories. A randomized study. 354 9

The efficiency of oxytocic drugs in therapeutic abortion was studied in 113 women who were randomly assigned to either a control group (n = 44) receiving no oxytocic drugs, a group (n = 36) receiving 0.2 mg ergometrine by slow intravenous injection, or a group (n = 33) given 5 units oxytocin in a intravenous infusion throughout the procedure. The three groups were comparable with regard to the age of patients, the age of pregnancies and parity. The surgical procedure was the same in all three groups and carried out by the same surgeon. General anaesthesia was obtained with an infusion of 500 mg methohexitone and 500 micrograms fentanyl in 500 ml isotonic dextrose solution at a rate of 3 ml X min-1. The anaesthetic requirements were 2.94 +/- 0.80 micrograms X kg-1 fentanyl and 2.94 +/- 0,80 mg X kg-1 methohexitone. The criteria studied were the blood loss as measured by the volume aspired, the presence or absence of nausea and vomiting after the procedure, the age of pregnancy and the total amount of anaesthetic drugs given. No correlation was found between the amount of anaesthetic drugs given and the frequency of nausea and vomiting, and between the amount of blood lost (r = 0.287; ddl = 111; alpha = 17.322). The study did not, therefore, confirm the reputation of oxytocic drugs in reducing the bleeding. It seemed that, in therapeutic abortion, spontaneous uterine contraction was sufficient to control the bleeding. But a significant correlation was found between the amount of blood lost and the age of the pregnancy (r = 0.399; ddl = 111; alpha less than 1%).
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PMID:[Blood loss and nausea during legal abortion]. 401 96

A comparative study of prostaglandins F2 alpha induced abortion and hysterotomy is presented. The intraamniotic and extraamniotic procedures were employed, using doses of 40 mg and 2.5-5.0 mg of prostaglandin, respectively. Failure to abort by the intraamniotic method occurred in 8% of the cases (50 patients), whereas the failure rate with the extraamniotic method was 42% (51 patients). Oxytocin infusion was administered to 14 of the 30 successful cases in the extraamniotic group and to 16 of the 46 successful cases in the intraamniotic group. No severe side effects occurred except for 1 case of cervical rupture in the intraamniotic group. Nausea and vomiting were the most common side effects. Blood pressure fell significantly in 12 patients in the intraamniotic group, although the decrease was transitory. 14 patients in the intraamniotic group required analgesics for pain. The average hospital stay for intraamniotic patients was 4 days less than for hysterotomy patients.
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PMID:Comparison of abortion performed with prostaglandin F2 alpha and hysterotomy. 444 Oct 29

A retrospective study of midtrimester abortions using the intraamniotic instillation of hypertonic saline solution was conducted. All 62 cases admitted to the Ramathibodi Hospital in Bangkok, Thailand for midtrimester abortion in 1980 were terminated by intraamniotic hypertonic saline instillation. The pregnancies were unwanted in 32 (51.6%) of the cases because of family problems, poor socioeconomic status, and deteriorated psychological health. 15 cases (24.2%) were preganancy from rape; 9 (14.5%) had rubella infection during the 1st trimester; and 3 cases (4.8%) were mentally retarded. There was 1 case of renal staghorn calculi post nephrostomy, 1 of multiparity with history of hemophilia in the family, and 1 of failed IUD contraception. The women were between 16-25 years of age in 39 cases, aged 15 or under in 4 cases (6.5%), and over age 35 in 4 cases. In 49 cases (79%) abortion was performed during 16-20 weeks gestation, in 12 cases (19.1%) at 21-24 weeks, and in 1 case at 25 weeks of gestation. The time interval from hypertonic saline instillation to abortion was analyzed in order to evaluate the effect of parity, amount of amniotic fluid withdrawn, and oxytocin augmentation. The mean instillation to abortion time (I-A) was 30.19 +or- 11.25 hours. There were 3 cases which did not receive oxytocin and who spontaneously aborted within 24 hours. Among cases which received oxytocin augmentation, there were 9 who received oxytocin immediately after instillation and 50 who received it 18-24 hours later. The I-A time was 31.22 +or- 11.63 hours in the group that received oxytocin immediately and 31.09 +or- 10.68 in the group receiving it later. There was no statistical difference between the 2 groups. Among the 50 cases which received oxytocin augmentation 18-24 hours later, there was no statistical difference between groups of nulliparity and multiparity. There were 46 cases in which the amount of amniotic fluid withdrawn was noted. In the group in which more than 200 ml of amniotic fluid was withdrawn, the I-A time was 26.81 +or- 7.28 hours. In comparison to the group in which less than 50 ml of amniotic fluid was withdrawn, the I-A time was 28.88 +or- 16.24 hours. There was no statistical difference between the 2 groups. The longer I-A times were found in groups in which 51-1000 ml and 151-200 ml of amniotic fluid were withdrawn. The most common complication was retained placenta (8 cases). There was only 1 case of hemorrhage. There were 2 cases of fever and 1 case of nausea and vomiting. On follow-up of 46.8% of the cases, 2 cases of cervicitis and 3 cases of vaginitis were found and treated with antibiotic suppositories.
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PMID:Midtrimester abortion by hypertonic saline instillation experience in Ramathibodi Hospital. 685 78


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