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Query: UNIPROT:P01178 (oxytocin)
 15,767 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Nausea was induced by having subjects smoke two high nicotine cigarettes in quick succession. Plasma levels of prolactin, adrenocorticotropic hormone, beta-endorphin/beta-lipotropin, growth hormone, arginine vasopressin, and neurophysin I increased without changes in thyroid stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, or follicle stimulating hormone. Nausea and pituitary hormone release correlated with high nicotine intake (smoking 2.87 mg nicotine cigarettes) but did not occur during lower nicotine intake (smoking 0.48 mg nicotine cigarettes). Individual differences in nausea and related hormonal responses may provide an objective method for predicting receptivity to smoking.
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PMID:Pituitary hormone response to cigarette smoking. 394 62

Recent research suggests that the action of prostaglandins on the pregnant uterus is more complex than that of oxytocin. Despite the fact that prostaglandins, like oxytocin, may fall short of the ideal, preliminary work makes it apparent that prostaglandins have attributes for induction of labor that will ultimately rank them as far superior to oxytocin. A 1st sign that prostaglandins might be more than just oxytocic agents came from the discovery of the effectiveness of prostaglandin F2alpha (PGF2alpha) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in inducing mid-trimester abortion. For a long time it has been known that oxytocin seldom causes abortion of a normal pregnancy. Prostaglandins cause rapid dilatation of the cervix and expulsion of the conceptus despite a lesser degree of measurable uterine activity than that induced by oxytocin. Prostaglandins do something more, either to the quality of uterine contractions or to the cervix. A major problem associated with the pharmacological use of prostaglandins has been a high incidence of unpleasant side-effects when given by routes that are associated with substantial systemic uptake. In general, doses of prostaglandins that are oxytocic result in nausea, vomiting and diarrhea when administered by the intravenous, oral or intravaginal routes. The intra-amniotic and extra-ovular routes of administration for induction of mid-trimester abortion, as described by Doctors Karim and Hillier, are examples of the successful application of the principle that prostaglandins can be effective without side-effects when they are delivered close to the site of action. Prostaglandins appear particularly well suited to induction of labor in women with prolonged fetal death, anencephaly or hydatidiform mole.
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PMID:Prostaglandins: current therapeutic status in obstetrics. 443 69

This study evaluates the efficacy of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) as an oxytocic agent for the augmentation of delay in labor in 40 consecutive patients matched with another group of 40 patients (treated with intravenous oxytocin) as to age, parity, maturity, cervical dilation at time of augmentation, and analgesia. Delay in labor was diagnosed clinically when there was arrest in the descent of the presenting part and/or arrest of dilatation of the cervix. All patients were continuously monitored by means of a presenting part electrode and an intrauterine pressure catheter. Both oxytocin and PGE2 were administered via a constant infusion Palmer pump. Standard dosage increments were used until adequate contractions were achieved and no deleterious effect on the fetus was observed. 0.75 ml of 1 mg/ml ampoule of PGE2 in ethanol was diluted in 500 ml normal saline. Initial rate of infusion was 0.285 mcg/minute for a minimum of 30 minutes; the dose was subsequently doubled at intervals of 1 hour until adequate contractions were achieved. Initial rate for infusion for oxytocin was 2mu/minute; the dose was doubled every hour until adequate contractions were noted. Further cervical dilatation and descent of the presenting part occurred in all cases. Mean Apgar scores at 1 and 5 minutes respectively were 7.53 and 9.50 for the PG group, and 6.93 and 9.18 for the oxytocin group. No perinatal deaths occurred. Mean birthweight was 3.34 kg for the PG group and 3.39 kg for the oxytocin group. The oxytocin group exhibited significantly higher augmentation/delivery interval (7.32 hours vs. 5.2 for the PG group, p 0.001), mean basal uterine tone (13.23 vs. 7.38, p 0.001), mean frequency of contraction (4.39 vs. 3.61, p 0.01), and incidence of side effects (nausea, vomiting, and pyrexia). A fetal heart rate of less than 100 beats/minute was seen in 3 patients in the PG group and 7 in the oxytocin group.
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PMID:A comparison of intravenous prostaglandin E2 and intravenous oxytocin for the augmentation of labour complicated by delay. 445 29

This paper reports on the 1st experiences with extraamniotic administration of prostaglandin F2alpha (PGF2alpha) in induced abortion. It was found that the average dose in 30 primigravidae and 32 multigravidae was approximately equal. The average time of application was 28 hours 30 minutes in the 1st group and 24 hours 40 minutes in the 2nd. In 11 cases, PG application was followed by oxytocin infusion. The method proved successful in 83.5%; partial success was achieved in 15% of the cases. As partial successes, those cases in which the cervical channel was not completely opened, the evacuation of the uterus with instruments was still achievable without difficulty. 1 failure was observed. The highest doses were needed between weeks 13-16 of pregnancy (the small numbers did not allow the computation of statistical significance). Side effects were remarkably low (e.g., nausea, vomiting, profuse perspiration). A temporary rise in temperature above 38 degrees Celsius was noted in 8 women. Compared with reports from the literature, the dose, number, and degree of side effects were lower than those found with intravenous administration. In contrast to other authors, we administered single doses up to 2000 mcg, at which time the application should be diminished. (author's)
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PMID:[Initial experiences with prostaglandin F2 in induced abortion]. 471 51

30 healthy women between 14-37 and between 14-20 weeks' gestation were administered with a single injection of 40 mg of PGF2 alpha over a 5 minute period to induce abortion. 28 patients aborted within 48 hours; 14 aborted completely and 14 required surgical removal of the placenta; 1 patient required intravenous oxytocin, and 1 failed to abort within 48 hours. The mean instillation to abortion interval for multiparas was 18.6 hours, for nulliparas it was 32.2 hours. Only 1 patient had excessive bleeding, 3 had syncopal episodes, 9 experienced vomiting, 3 diarrhea, and 3 diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting. A single injection of PGF2 alpha seems superior to intraamniotic hypertonic saline solution administration alone, and is effective as administration of hypertonic saline and intravenous oxytocin. The multiple dose technique of PG administration does reduce the mean abortion time, but entails an increased incidence of gastrointestinal side effects and requires repuncture or the use of an indwelling catheter, which may increase the incidence of infection. The mode of administration described can be used in selected patients when hypertonic saline solution is contraindicated.
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PMID:The induction of midtrimester abortion with intra-amniotic prostaglandin F2alpha. A single-dose technique. 481 39

The use of intraamniotic injection of hypertonic solutions for termination of pregnancy during the second trimester has been generally adopted. Because of side effects in such treatment with other agents, it was decided to use intraamniotic instillation of urea solution (Urevert) to induce midtrimester therapeutic abortion in 38 patients. The method was successful in 35 patients (92%) with a mean injection/abortion interval of 26.1 hours, shorter than that with the use of hypertonic saline or hypertonic glucose solutions. The side effects of headache, nausea, and vomiting were mild, and an endometritis in 1 patient responded well to antibiotic treatment. Intravenous oxytocin drip was necessary in patients with hypotonic contractions or in those who failed to react within 36 hours after injection. In 3 cases of missed labor, the urea solution injected induced labor within 5-8 hours, with no side effects. The mean in-patient hospital time was 4.3 days.
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PMID:Termination of midtrimester pregnancy by intramniotic injection of urea. 482 62

Suction termination of pregnancy was performed in 276 patients as an out-patient procedure under general anaesthesia. Ergometrine, oxytocin, or sterile water were given with the induction of anaesthesia. There was no significant difference in blood loss in the three treatment groups, although blood loss in termination of pregnancy performed after eight weeks was increased in all three groups. Nausea, vomiting and abdominal pain occurred significantly more often after ergometrine compared to oxytocin or water.
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PMID:Blood loss and side effects in day case abortion. 729 2

2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is one of the most potent known anorexigens with an unestablished mechanism of action. In the present study, the role of nausea in TCDD-induced hypophagia was assessed by a battery of behavioral (conditioned taste aversion [CTA], kaolin consumption, protein selection), biochemical (plasma oxytocin), and antiemetic drug intervention (trimethobenzamine, metoclopramide) approaches. Moreover, both the most TCDD-susceptible (Long-Evans [L-E]; IP LD50 approximately 10 micrograms/kg) and the most TCDD-resistant (Han/Wistar [H/W]; IP LD50 > 3000 micrograms/kg) rat strains were employed in the experiments. L-E rats were exposed to a lethal dose of TCDD (50 micrograms/kg), whereas H/W rats were treated with high but nonlethal doses (50 or 1000 micrograms/kg). TCDD produced a positive CTA response in H/W rats alone. These animals also increased their kaolin consumption more than L-E rats of either gender after TCDD exposure. TCDD decreased the proportional intake of energy from high-protein diet in female L-E rats, but tended to increase it in male L-E and H/W rats. TCDD did not affect plasma oxytocin concentration by itself, but potentiated the elevation caused by the positive control compound, LiCl, in L-E rats on day 8. Neither antiemetic tested had any detectable influence on TCDD-induced wasting. These findings imply that the degree of nausea elicited by TCDD in the rat depends on strain and gender. However, nausea has only a minor, if at all, causal role in the lethal wasting syndrome characteristic of this compound.
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PMID:TCDD-induced hypophagia is not explained by nausea. 814 18

Extra-amniotic infusion of prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) and intravenous (IV) oxytocin in increasing doses were compared in a retrospective study to establish the efficacy of the two methods for termination of pregnancies with second trimester missed abortion. Sixty women with this complication underwent pregnancy termination, 28 by extra-amniotic infusion of PGF2 alpha and oxytocin augmentation, if necessary, and 32 by IV oxytocin in increasing doses. All patients in the PGF2 alpha group aborted within 24 hours from onset of infusion and seven of them needed oxytocin augmentation. There were nine failures in the oxytocin group and the other 23 aborted within 17 hours. The mean (plus or minus standard error of the mean) induction-abortion interval was significantly less in the oxytocin group (6.9 +/- 3.4 hours) than in the PGF2 alpha group (12.6 +/- 5.7 hours) p < 0.001. Eight patients in the group had mild side effects, such as nausea, flushes or transient hypotension. Uterine hypertonus was observed in two women receiving PGF2 alpha and treated by temporary interruption of the infusion. In the oxytocin group, one patient had coagulation disturbances and one, hemorrhage. We conclude that extra-amniotic PGF2 alpha infusion is more effective than IV oxytocin in increasing doses, for termination of second trimester missed abortion, but takes effect more slowly. We can assume that further use of IV oxytocin immediately after termination of the PGF2 alpha administration can shorten the induction-abortion interval.
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PMID:Comparative study of extra-amniotic prostaglandin F2 alpha infusion and increasing intravenous oxytocin for termination of second trimester missed abortion. 816 79

The purpose of this study was to describe the course of preterm labor in patients receiving a standard intravenous infusion of the oxytocin antagonist atosiban. An open-labeled, non-randomized study was conducted at 4 sites. Successful tocolysis was defined as delay of delivery larger than 48 hours from starting atosiban and no need for an alternate tocolytic. Atosiban was administered by continuous intravenous infusion at a rate of 300 micrograms per minute until uterine contractions were absent for 6 hours, or up to a maximum infusion time of 12 hours. Sixty-two patients of between 20 and 36 weeks' gestation were enrolled over 6 months. One had rupture of membranes and was excluded. Successful tocolysis was noted in 43 of 61 (70.5%). Four delivered spontaneously within 48 hours and 14 (23.0%) required an alternate tocolytic agent. The chance of successful tocolysis was related to the degree of cervical dilation at the start of therapy. Cessation of uterine contractions was noted in 38 patients (62.3%). A decrease in uterine contraction frequency of 50% or more was noted in 50 of 61 patients (82.0%). Four patients reported side effects (nausea, vomiting, headache, dysguesia, chest pain), but in no case did side effects require discontinuation of the medication. Intravenous administration of atosiban is associated with a delay in delivery comparable to that seen with other tocolytics. If this effect is confirmed in planned placebo-controlled trials, its favorable side effect profile may give it a place in the armamentarium.
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PMID:Treatment of preterm labor with the oxytocin antagonist atosiban. 868 3


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