Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UNIPROT:P01178 (oxytocin)
 15,767 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Transitional epithelium lining rabbit urinary bladders was isolated and studied in vitro. The homogeneity of the isolated epithelium was demonstrated by light and electron microscopical monitoring as well as cell culture studies. Transitional epithelium responded to epinephrine and prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) in the presence of 2mM 1-methyl, 3-isobutylxanthine (MIX) with increases in intracellular levels of cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP). Corticotropin, aldosterone, insulin, parathyroid hormone and vasopressin were slightly but significantly stimulatory under similar conditions. Glucagon and oxytocin were not stimulatory at the concentrations tested. The effects of epinephrine and PGE1 were potentiated by 2mM MIX 20-fold or greater. The cells were slightly more sensitive to PGE1 then to epinephrine. The prostaglandin produced a noticeable response at about 10nM, while effects of epinephrine were discernible at 0.1muM. Maximal responses to both effectors were seen at about 10muM. The action of 10muM epinephrine, but not 10muM PGE1, was completely abolished by 0.1mM propranolol. Responses to combinations of epinephrine and PGE1 were additive. Cyclic AMP accumulated in the incubation medium of transitional epithelial cells exposed to epinephrine, PGE1, MIX, or combinations of the agonists. The appearance of cyclic AMP in the medium was slow compared to the rate of intracellular accumulation, but reached significant levels following prolonged stimulation.
 ...
PMID:The effects of hormones on cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate accumulation in transitional epithelium of the urinary bladder. 17 60

Recent data on various environmental stressors and blood hormone patterns are presented for lactating cattle. Known stressor effects of such factors as environmental temperature, air pollution, and noise on the plasma thyroxine, growth hormone, cortisol, prolactin, progesterone, luteinzing hormone, epinephrine, and norepinephrine of lactating cattle are discussed. Information on stressor effects is lacking on glucagon, insulin, vasopressin, calcitonin, oxytocin, thyrotrophic hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, melatonin, parathyroid hormone, and estrogens in the lactating cow. The importance of evaluating both the effect of environmental stressor and of production or lactation intensity is emphasized in the overall interpretation of changes in hormone of plasma. The short and long term environmental heat effects on thyroxine, cortisol, and growth hormone are clear with initial increased due to acute stressors and a decline of amounts in plasma after prolonged exposure to stressors. The relationship of amounts in plasma of these hormones to milk production appears to be related directly for cortisol, growth hormone, and prolactin with an inverse relationship with thyroxine. Epinephrine and norepinephrine seem to be elevated with prolonged environmental heat stress. However, the influence of intensity of lactation has not been measured. Hormones in plasma as they relate to stressor effects and milk production are important as potential indicators of the physiological state of a cow and reflect the physiological compensations a cow undergoes at various lactation intensities and/or stress exposure.
 ...
PMID:Effects of environmental and other stressors on blood hormone patterns in lactating animals. 98 81

1. The cardiac responses of isolated frog (Rana tigrina) atria to peptide hormones were studied. 2. Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), arginine vasotocin (AVT), bovine parathyroid hormone fragment (bPTH-(1-34)) and oxytocin (OXY) produced dose-related positive chronotropic and inotropic responses; atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) was negative chronotropic and inotropic; cholecystokinin (CCK), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) were without effects. 3. The dose-related responses under bPTH-(1-34) stimulation but not CGRP or AVT were attenuated in the presence of ANP (300 ng/ml, approximately 0.98 x 10(-7) M). As expected ANP decreased the basal AR and AT responses of the isolated atria and the inhibitory effects were dose-dependent. 4. As shown previously, propranolol blocked the atrial tension stimulated by bPTH (1-34) but did not alter the cardiac responses to CGRP and AVT. 5. In the presence of beta-adrenergic blocker (propranolol 10(-7) M) or ANP (10(-7) M), the AR and AT changes under ISO stimulation in the frog were also decreased. 6. These cardiac changes suggest the cardiac inhibitory effects of ANP are related to beta-adrenoceptor activity and ANP might be a beta antagonist.
 ...
PMID:Cardiac activity of some peptide hormones in the frog, Rana tigrina. 136 98

Synthetic human parathyroid hormone-related peptide (hPTHrP)-(1-34) fragment was compared with parathyroid hormone (bovine sequence, 1-34; bPTH-(1-34) for inhibiting oxytocin or prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha)-induced contractions on rat uterus in vitro. bPTH exhibited a potent (ED50 = 7 x 10(-9) M) inhibition on oxytocin-induced contractions. Both bPTH-(1-34) and hPTHrP-(1-34) were devoided of any significant effect upon PGF2 alpha-induced uterine contractions. Human PTHrP also inhibited oxytocin-induced uterine contractions (ED50 = 77 x 10(-9) M) and this effect, like that of bPTH, was dose dependent. Human PTHrP-(140-173) fragment had no significant effect on oxytocin-induced uterine contractions. The inhibitory effect of hPTHrP-(1-34) disappeared after pretreatment with [Tyr]34-bPTH-(7-34)-NH2, a competitive reversible antagonist of bPTH-(1-34). Thus PTHrP might be involved in the control of myometrial activity.
 ...
PMID:Parathyroid hormone-related peptide inhibits oxytocin-induced rat uterine contractions in vitro. 138 75

A 26-year-old woman, gravida 1, para 0, having episodes of confusion, slurred speech, and blurred vision in pregnancy was documented to have severe hypoglycemia with elevated serum insulin and C-peptide levels. Emergency treatment for hypoglycemia was necessary several times during pregnancy. A healthy female infant was delivered after oxytocin induction of labor. Post partum the patient had numerous episodes of severe hypoglycemia in spite of constant intravenous glucose. Computerized tomographic scan of the pancreas failed to show a lesion, whereas pancreatic arteriography revealed a 2 cm mass in the tail of the pancreas. Partial pancreatectomy was performed 6 days after delivery. Microscopic examination of the tissue confirmed the presence of an insulinoma. Hypercalcemia developed together with elevated parathyroid hormone levels. The presence of an insulinoma, hypercalcemia, and a history of hyperparathyroidism in two relatives indicates that this is a case of multiple endocrine adenomatosis type I first diagnosed during pregnancy.
 ...
PMID:Multiple endocrine adenomatosis type I in pregnancy. 197 95

Corticoliberine-like activity of the paraventricular nucleus area and median eminence, concentration of plasma 11-oxycorticosteroids and total blood calcium were studied after parathyroidectomy, parathyroid hormone of calcium gluconate injections in rats. Hypercalcemia and especially parathyroid hormone stimulated the production and release of corticoliberine and possibly also those of vasopressin and oxytocin from the hypothalamus at resting as well as after a physical load. The function of the hypothalamo-hypophyseal-adrenocortical system seems to depend upon the level of parathyroid hormone in the organism.
 ...
PMID:[The dependence of the corticoliberin-like activity of the hypothalamus on parathormone]. 216 21

The response of cAMP to antidiuretic hormone (ADH) was studied using rat renal medullary cells in a monolayer culture. In addition, cAMP response to parathyroid hormone (PTH) was studied in renal cortical cells. As the culture aged, an increase in basal cAMP content and a gradual decrease in the cAMP responsiveness to arginine vasopressin (AVP) were observed. After 2 days of culture, AVP and hPTH-(1-34) produced a rapid increase in intracellular cAMP with single peaks, after 10 min and 5 min, respectively. Extracellular cAMP was increased linearly by both AVP and hPTH-(1-34). The response of cAMP to AVP was markedly greater in the medulla than in the cortex, while the response to hPTH-(1-34) was remarkable only in the cortex. Outstanding sensitivity of cAMP responsiveness was observed in this system, i.e., 10(-12) M AVP (1 pg/ml) and 2.43 X 10(-10) M hPTH-(1-34) (1 ng/ml) provoked significant increases in cAMP from the basal level of 0.31 +/- 0.04 and 0.59 +/- 0.05 pmol/dish to 0.79 +/- 0.03 and 1.07 +/- 0.13 pmol/dish, respectively (P less than 0.001). In the medulla, potencies of lysine vasopressin (LVP), DDAVP and oxytocin at a concentration of 10(-9) M were 76.1%, 154.2% and 8.1% of that of AVP, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Rat renal cell monolayer culture: a sensitive method for investigating ADH and PTH actions on the kidney by determining adenosine 3' :5'-cyclic monophosphate. 241 6

Unidirectional 32P-phosphate and 3H-mannitol fluxes were simultaneously measured, at two minutes intervals, in frog urinary bladders. The spontaneous or externally imposed transepithelial potential (PD) and short circuit current (SCC) were also recorded in most experiments. It was observed that: (1) Phosphate transfer was rapidly and reversibly modified by changes in mucosal sodium concentration in open circuit conditions. (2) Between four and six minutes after changing mucosal NaCl concentration, phosphate fluxes reached a new steady-state value. (3) The observed correlation between the Na-dependent phosphate flux and the Na-dependent transmembrane potential was high (r = 0.99, N = 12). (4) In open circuit conditions, the mucosa-to-serosa unidirectional phosphate fluxes were inhibited by 10(-5) M amiloride, while the serosa-to-mucosa movements were increased. (5) On the contrary, no effects of mucosal NaCl concentration or amiloride on the mucosa-to-serosa phosphate fluxes were detected in short circuit conditions. (6) The transepithelial phosphate transfer was linearly related to phosphate concentration and insensitive to arsenate (10(-3) M) action. (7) An externally imposed PD was less effective for driving a phosphate movement than the one depending on Na, suggesting some type of coupling between Na+ and phosphate transports. (8) The mucosa-to-serosa phosphate fluxes were reduced by parathyroid hormone and oxytocin. Maximum inhibition was observed four minutes after the hormonal action. It is concluded that the transepithelial PD plays a major role in phosphate handling in frog urinary bladder.
 ...
PMID:Time course studies on phosphate transfer in frog urinary bladder. 325 90

Synthetic bovine parathyroid hormone containing the 1-34 NH2 terminal amino acids [bPTH-(1-34)] is capable of inhibiting stimulated uterine contraction. The purpose of the present investigation is to determine whether the inhibitory action of bPTH-(1-34) is a direct action of the hormone fragment. The effect of different synthetic preparations of bPTH-(1-34), salmon calcitonin, corticotropin-inhibiting peptide and bovine serum albumin on oxytocin-stimulated uterine contraction was determined. In addition, the effects of atropine, propranolol, phentolamine, pyrilamine, cimetidine and the prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor indomethacin on the inhibitory action of bPTH-(1-34) on uterine contraction was determined. Both synthetic preparations of bPTH-(1-34) inhibited oxytocin-initiated contractions similarly. Salmon calcitonin, corticotropin-inhibiting peptide, and bovine serum albumin did not alter oxytocin-stimulated uterine contractions. The salmon calcitonin also did not alter the ability of bPTH-(1-34) to exert its inhibitory effect on uterine contraction. Cholinergic, alpha and beta adrenergic, histaminergic (H1 and H2) and prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors did not alter the action of bPTH-(1-34). These results suggest that the action of bPTH-(1-34) is 1) not due to the presence of a contaminant in the synthetic hormone preparation and 2) that the effect could be due to a direct action effect of the hormone fragment on uterine tissue.
 ...
PMID:Direct effect of parathyroid hormone on rat uterine contraction. 608 71

Many biologically active peptides (e.g., insulin, nerve growth factor, ACTH, endorphin, parathyroid hormone, etc.) appear to be synthesized first as prohormones, which are then converted intracellularly to the biologically active products by various post-translational modifications. Peptides of neuronal origin (e.g., vasopressin and oxytocin) are synthesized by similar mechanisms. The prominent role of post-translational processing in determining the final peptide products allows for the possibility that different peptides will by generated from identical prohormones in different cells.
 ...
PMID:Biosynthesis of neuronal peptides: implications for neurobiology. 625 90


1 2 Next >>