Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P01178 (oxytocin)
 15,767 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Adrenomedullin 2/intermedin (AM2/IMD) is a new member of the calcitonin/calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) family. CGRP, adrenomedullin (AM), and AM2/IMD share the receptor system consisting of calcitonin receptor-like receptor (CRLR) and receptor activity-modifying proteins (RAMP). The CRLR/RAMP2 or CRLR/RAMP3 complex forms the AM receptor, whereas the CRLR/RAMP1 forms the CGRP receptor. AM2/IMD binds non-selectively to all three CRLR/RAMP complexes. AM2/IMD has various actions, such as a potent vasodilator action and a protective action against oxidative stress, like AM and CGRP. When administered intracerebroventricularly, AM2/IMD stimulates the sympathetic nervous system and increases blood pressure. In human hypothalamus, AM2/IMD is expressed in the paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei and colocalized with arginine vasopressin. Anterior pituitary cells were diffusely immunostained for AM2/IMD. AM2/IMD stimulates the release of ACTH, prolactin, and oxytocin, but suppresses GH release. Some of these pituitary actions of AM2/IMD have been supposed to be mediated by an unidentified unique receptor for AM2/IMD. In the adrenal gland, immunoreactive (IR)-AM2/IMD and IR-AM were detected in the medulla, while the degree of IR-AM2/IMD and IR-AM in the cortex was relatively weak or undetectable. Furthermore, AM2/IMD and AM were expressed in adrenocortical tumors, such as aldosterone-secreting adenomas, and pheochromocytomas. CRLR and RAMPs are expressed in the hypothalamus, pituitaries, adrenal glands, and adrenal tumors. Thus, AM2/IMD is expressed in every endocrine organ of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis together with its receptor. AM2/IMD may act as a neurotransmitter or modulator in the brain and as a paracrine/autocrine regulator in the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis.
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PMID:Adrenomedullin 2/intermedin in the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis. 2059 93

Oxytocin (OXT) is well known for its ability to stimulate milk ejection and uterine contraction. OXT is also involved in several physiological and pathological functions such as antinociception, anxiety, feeding, social recognition and stress responses. Previous studies showed that neuropeptides such as cholecystokinin (CCK) activate OXT-secreting magnocellular neuron in the supraoptic (SON) and the paraventricular nuclei (PVN) of the hypothalamus and cause OXT release from the axon terminal in the posterior pituitary into the systemic circulation. Our recent studies showed that central administration of adrenomedullin (AM) family (AM, AM2 (identical to intermedin) and AM5) induced the expression of the c-fos gene in the SON and the PVN and elicited the marked increase of plasma OXT levels in conscious rats. Here, we review pathophysiological properties of OXT in whole body and effects of novel peptides such as AM family as well as other peptides on OXT release.
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PMID:Pathophysiological function of oxytocin secreted by neuropeptides: A mini review. 2290 66


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