Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P01178 (oxytocin)
 15,767 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The complications accompanying the various methods of abortion as studied in different surveys are reported. In studies of dilation and curettage (D and C) and vaccuum aspiration (VA), lethality ranges from .5 to 2.9 deaths/100,000 cases. Metrorrhagia occurred in 2.5-6% of the D and C cases studied and in 2.9-3.5% of the VA cases. The bleeding was accompanied by infection in most cases where abortive tissue remained in the uterus, which occured in .4-.8% of the D and C cases and in .6-.9% of the VA cases studied. Postabortive bleeding occurred through the 10th day in up to 25% of the patients and was related to the length of the gestation period before abortion. Pelvic infection, mostly of the endometrium, occurred in about 1.4% of the D and C patients and in .3-1.2% of the VA patients. 1.4% of the D and C patients and .6% of the VA patients experienced a rise in body temperature as the only complication of abortion. Perforation of the uterus occurred in about .8% of the D and C patients and in .1-.6% of VA patients. Lesions of the cervix had to be sutured in .1% of the D and C group and .3% of the VA group. Saline instillation, used for abortions in the second trimest er, had a mortality rate of about 20/100,000 cases. Since the success rate of saline instillation is 90-98%, complications are more frequent, often requiring treatment with oxytocin or curettage. Extensive bleeding occurred in 2.3-4%. Curettage of the placenta was required in about 2.1-16.9% of the cases. Pelvic inflammation occurred in about 2.5% and temperature elevation in 1-3.4%. Abdominal hysterotomies had a lethality of 208/100,000. Pelvic hemorrhage occurred in 31%, inflammation in 4.7%, temperature elevation in 13%, and febrile reactions in 31% of the abdominal hysterotomies studied. It is necessary to establish international definitions of abortion complications for better documentation, and postoperative observations should be recorded more conscientiously.
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PMID:[Acute complications of abortion]. 125 2

In 1991, the abortion literature comprised articles on epidemiologic issues in abortion care advances in abortifacient such as mifepristone (RU-486) and cervical ripening prior to abortion with the use of both mifepristone and prostaglandins. A comprehensive analysis of American women having abortions indicated that although the overall abortion rate had declined since 1980, the rate of unintended pregnancies had remained the same since 1982. Among married, white women over age 30 and white, unmarried women in their twenties abortion rates declined. A prospective cohort study showed no overall differences in nonviable pregnancy outcome, birth weight, and length of gestation between 6188 women who had an abortion and 7073 who did not. In most developed countries prostaglandins are widely used for termination of pregnancy in the 2nd trimester, either as an intra-amniotic or extra-amniotic preparation. In a retrospective analysis, oxytocin was quite effective in achieving rapid, uncomplicated fetoplacental expulsion. It had a mean induction-to-delivery interval of 8.2 (+ or - 5.1) hours, which was significantly better than a mean induction-to-delivery interval of 13.1 (+ or - 7.8) hours in the group that had received prostaglandin E2 suppositories. The World Health Organization estimated that 22-56% of maternal mortality is directly attributable to abortion. In Enugu, Nigeria, the mortality rate from incomplete abortion amounted to 17.9%, and septicemia was documented in 49% of cases. Cervical pretreatment prior to a 2nd-trimester abortion has become standard in many institutions. In a double-blind, double-randomized trial both mifepristone and gemeprost resulted in a cervix that required less force to dilate to 9 mm (P 0.001). The gemeprost group had significantly more side effects than the mifepristone group. Mifepristone is a safe alternative for the termination of pregnancy when the beta human chorionic gonadotropin is below 20,000 IU/L. In spite of the small sample size (n = 50) and a rather high 12% rate of postabortal pelvic inflammatory disease, when the beta human chorionic gonadotropin decreased by at least 40% in the 1st week after receiving mifepristone, the abortion procedure was invariable complete.
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PMID:Abortion: epidemiology, safety, and technique. 150 70

The incidence of ectopic pregnancy has been steadily growing during the past decade; this fact can only partially be related to known factors (PID, use of IUDs, minipill, inductors of ovulation, sterilization reversal). Ectopic pregnancy is still a frequently misdiagnosed pathology; nevertheless, the recent advances in early diagnosis have allowed a decrease in the mortality rate and an improvement in subsequent fertility. In absence of obvious tubal abnormalities it is difficult to assess the cause of an ectopic implantation. Yet the factors regulating and nidation of the embryo in the human are far from clear. The transport of the embryo in the oviductal fluid depends on ciliary beat (generally regarded as the leading factor) and on muscle contractions mainly in the ampullary-isthmic and in the utero-tubal junction, where a sphincter action is stimulated by estrogens and relaxed by progesterone. Other substances (catecholamines, prostaglandins, oxytocin) are thought to be involved in ovum transport, although their role is unclear. Even less is known about local influence of the embryo on the oviduct. During preimplantation and implantation both the embryo and the mother engage in an elaborate interaction, elsewhere referred to as a 'conversation', involving long-and short-range signals. An essential role is played by the endocrine luminal milieu. A local action of estrogens on a progesterone-primed endometrium may be required for either the release of crucial signals for the blastocyst activation, or to make epithelial cells sensitive to the presence of the embryo, thus inducing the decidualization. In some animals, these estrogens are not ovarian, but synthesized by the blastocyst itself.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Biology of nidation and ectopic implantation. 639 29