Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P01178 (oxytocin)
 15,767 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To investigate whether particles deposited in the vagina translocate to the oviducts, 0.3 ml of a 4% bone black suspension was deposited in the posterior vaginal fornix of each of five cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) during their mid-menstrual cycle. Simultaneously, each animal received 10 units of oxytocin by intramuscular injection. The oviducts of three animals were removed 1 hr after administration of the bone black, while those of the remaining two animals were removed 72 hr after dosing. The removed oviducts were flushed with Hank's solution and then with collagenase solution. The solutions were collected in clean vials and filtered. The filters were examined for bone black particles by light microscopy, as were filters through which solution blanks (negative controls) had been passed. Particles resembling bone black were found on all filters. There were no appreciable differences in the number or shape of these particles between the solution-blank filters and the oviduct-flush filters. The particles on both the solution-blank filters and on the oviduct-flush filters probably originated from environmental contamination by ubiquitous carbon particles. While these results suggested that no translocation took place, translocation could not be ruled out with certainty in the absence of quantitative analyses. A more definitive pilot study was then conducted with two dosed monkeys and one control, using talc labelled by neutron activation to circumvent the problem of environmental contamination. Gamma-Ray analysis of tissue and peritoneal lavage samples for the radionuclides 46Sc, 59Fe and 60Co indicated that no measurable quantities (i.e. greater than 0.5 micrograms) of talc translocated from the deposition site in the vagina to the uterine cavity and beyond.
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PMID:Do particles translocate from the vagina to the oviducts and beyond? 404 89

The effect of estrogens, epinephrine, oxytocin and pituitrin on blood flow through the uterus, cervix vagina, uterine surface uterine vein as well as aorta, liver and cavity of the rumen were measured in waking ewes using thermocouples encased in polyvinyl catheters. Estrone, estradiol and estriol administration led to a reduction in temperature difference between the aorta and reproductive organs. The response was greatest in the temperature of the uterine cavity. The temperature differences between the liver, and cavity of the rumen were unaffected. After the infusion of epinephrine, oxytocin or pituitrin into estrogen-treated ewes, there was an increase in temperature difference compared with the aorta. This may have been caused by the reduction of blood flow to the uterus.
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PMID:Temperature differences in reproductive tract of nonpregnant ewe. 508 76

Oxytocin and bovine neurophysin I (bNpI) were estimated by radioimmunoassay in jugular vein plasma which was collected continuously from 18 bulls. No release of peptides was observed during successive matings with a cow in oestrus or during successive mountings on a cow with ejaculations into an artificial vagina. Stimulation with an electro-ejaculator or, to a smaller extent, massage of the seminal vesicles and ampullae per rectum caused an increase of oxytocin accompanied by a release of bNpI. It is speculated that the release of these peptides is due to stimulation of afferent pelvic nerves in the rectal wall. Basal molar ratios of bNpI/oxytocin in the plasma were highly variable, often showing a large excess of either bNpI or oxytocin. After the onset of peptide release induced by stimulation, molar ratios approached 1:1. This might indicate that hormone release is by exocytosis. Basal bNpI does not provide a good reflection of the oxytocin level.
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PMID:Release of neurophysin I and oxytocin by stimulation of the genital organs in bulls. 665

In cows, plasma oxytocin and vasopressin were determined by specific and sensitive radioimmunoassays before, during and after parturition. In no case, oxytocin is elevated until the forelimbs of the foetus were distending the vagina and presenting at the vulva, supporting the view that endogenous maternal oxytocin does not primarily induce parturition. This finding is confirmed by simultaneous recording of myometrial electrical activity in 3 animals. Maximal oxytocin levels of 60.4 to 116 pg/ml plasma were measured at delivery of the foetus. The elevation in plasma vasopressin (peak values at delivery: 4.74 to 41.5 pg/ml) might be due, at least partially, to the increase in plasma osmolality during parturition.
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PMID:Plasma levels of oxytocin and vasopressin before, during and after parturition in cows. 668 64

Carbon particles suspended in saline were injected into the vagina, the uterus, or into the magnum, 5 to 10 or 50 to 55 min after an oviposition. Carbon particles injected into the uterus 5 to 10 min postoviposition reached the infundibulum within 5 to 10 min, and particles introduced 50 to 55 min after an oviposition were not transported to the anterior oviduct. When particles were injected intramagnally 50 to 55 min following an oviposition, they moved distally toward the uterus. Particles introduced into the uterus 5 to 10 min after an oxytocin-induced oviposition were transported to the anterior oviduct. Carbon particles deposited into the vagina remained in situ irrespective of the time deposited. These results suggest that a special oviducal movement, which is though to be caused by oviposition, participates in spermatozoal transport through the hen's oviduct.
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PMID:Possible participation of oviducal movement in spermatozoal transport in domestic fowl. 668

We recorded in vivo the electromyographic (EMG) activity of the myometrium in 36 conscious ewes, including ovariectomized animals treated with oestrogen and cyclic animals in oestrus. We studied the motor responses of the uterus to distension of the vagina with a speculum and distension of the uterine horn with a balloon. These two types of stimulation provoked an increase in myometrial activity. By comparing the responses before and after hypophysectomy and before and after treatment with an alpha-adrenergic blocking agent, we were able to evaluate the nature of these responses. Vaginal stimulation induced two types of response: 1) a response of long duration, possibly the result of a spinal reflex followed by a reflex release of oxytocin; 2) a response of short duration, probably resulting simply from a spinal reflex whose efferent pathway is composed of sympathetic fibres. Uterine stimulation activated motility in the stimulated horn only. Thus, the observed increase in EMG activity was not a reflex but the response of the uterine muscle to its own distension.
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PMID:[Study of uterine motor responses to vaginal and uterine stimulations in the ewe in estrus]. 689 30

A retrospective analysis was made on 85 cases of trial labor after previous cesarean section (CS) and compared with 100 primiparous vaginal deliveries (as control) during the last 10 years. Oxytocin infusion has been used in 61 trial cases to induce and/or to accelerate labor, and valium, procaine and atropine administered during the labor process in 23 of them. 65 of the 85 cases (76.5%) successfully delivered through the vagina (VD group), while 20 cases (23.5%) had repeat CS following failure in trial labor (CS group), and 3 women had reatened uterine rupture. There was 1 neonatal death in the VD trial labor group. No obvious difference in the Apgar scores of newborns was found between the CS group and the controls, and the duration of the labor process was much shorter in the VD trial group than that in the primiparae (7.51 +/- 2.44 hrs vs. 9.10 +/- 3.75 hrs) (P < 0.01). This study indicated that following a previous uneventful transverse lower segment cesarean section, trial labor should be encouraged under supervision.
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PMID:[Trial vaginal delivery for women with previous cesarean section]. 783 13

Eight cows were machine milked either in an operating theatre or in their familiar barn. During the experiments, milk flow curves were recorded and blood samples were taken for determination of concentrations of oxytocin, prolactin, cortisol and beta-endorphin. The milking cluster was attached without udder preparation. After cessation of milk flow, air was blown into the vagina for 2 min. When milk flow had stopped again, 1 i.u. oxytocin and finally 10 i.u. oxytocin were injected to remove the remaining milk. After the start of milking, oxytocin remained basal in unfamiliar, but increased in familiar surroundings. Therefore, during normal milking only 9% of total milk was removed in unfamiliar, whereas 79% was available in familiar surroundings. In response to subsequent vaginal stimulation in the operating theatre, oxytocin increased transiently in five cows and 15-71% of the milk was removed in these animals. In the other three cows in the operating theatre, oxytocin remained basal during vaginal stimulation, and no more milk was available. After injection of 1 i.u. oxytocin, 56 and 11%, and after injection of 10 i.u. oxytocin, 13 and 8% of milk was removed in unfamiliar and familiar surroundings respectively. Concentrations of prolactin increased during the course of milking in both treatments. Premilking concentrations of cortisol and beta-endorphin were elevated in unfamiliar as compared with familiar surroundings. During the course of milking, cortisol increased slightly and beta-endorphin decreased in unfamiliar, whereas both hormones increased markedly during milking in familiar surroundings.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Milk removal in familiar and unfamiliar surroundings: concentrations of oxytocin, prolactin, cortisol and beta-endorphin. 829 3

The metabolism of arachidonic acid (AA) by caruncular and allantochorionic tissues and its regulation was studied in normal cows (n = 13) and those with retained fetal membranes (RFM; n = 9). Tissues were taken via the vagina about 6 hours postpartum and incubated for 6 hours in minimum essential medium containing tritiated AA alone or in the presence of oxytocin, platelet activating factor (PAF), epidermal growth factor (EGF) or ionophore calcium (A23187). The metabolites of AA were separated by reverse phase-high pressure-liquid chromatography. Tissue concentrations of prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and plasma 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-PGF2 alpha (PGFM) concentration were also measured by radioimmunoassay. For caruncular tissue, less thromboxane B2 (TXB2) and more 6-keto prostaglandin F1 alpha (PGIM) was synthesized in tissue from the animals with RFM than in the controls. Oxytocin, PAF, EGF and A23187 increased only PGIM production in the control animals; A23187 also decreased TBX2 synthesis. For the allantochorion, more PGE2, leukotriene B4 (LTB4) and PGIM and less TXB2, PGF2 alpha and hydroxyecosatetranoic acids (HETE) was synthesized in tissue from cows with RFM than from animals that delivered normally. All of the substances used in this study increased PGIM, PGF2 alpha and LTB4 and decreased TXB2 production by the allantochorionic tissue in control animals. The metabolism of AA by the allantochorionic tissue seems quantitatively under hormonal control. The metabolism of AA at the level of both maternal and fetal components of the placenta in cows with RFM differed from that seen in animals that expelled the membranes normally.
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PMID:Metabolism of arachidonic acid by caruncular and allantochorionic tissues in cows with retained fetal membranes (RFM). 838 Sep 36

Physicians reviewed 3355 charts of women who underwent an induced abortion between 1986 and 1990 at the family planning clinic of the Sherbrooke University Hospital in Quebec, Canada, to compare the complication rate of late second trimester abortions (15-20 weeks gestation) with that of first trimester abortions (15 weeks gestation). For all cases, physicians ordered preoperative cervical cultures for gonorrhea and chlamydia and used local anesthesia. They used laminaria tents for cases of at least 13 weeks gestation. They did an ultrasound for all cases of at least 15 weeks gestation. They disinfected the vagina, cervix, and perineum in all cases. They followed the no-touch sterile technique. Cases of at least 15 weeks gestation received iv oxytocin during the operation while the 10-14 week cases received injected oxytocin intracervically. The physicians applied Pratt cervical dilatation, ruptured the membranes, and let the amniotic fluid drain. They use Hern or Bierer forceps with adjunctive suction to empty the conceptus. They scraped the uterine cavity with sharp curettes in all cases to confirm that it was empty. 4.8% of all women had surgical complications which were more likely to occur in the 15-week group than in the or= 15-week group (5.1% vs. 2.9%; p = .056). Most common complications were infection (3.4% vs. 2%; p = .14) and incomplete abortions (0.9% vs. 0.4%, not significant, however). Just 11% of infection cases had to be hospitalized. 4 women experienced uterine perforations (3 in first trimester). Just 2 hospitalization cases were considered major surgical complications: postoperative moderate bleeding for 3 days in an incomplete abortion at 17 weeks, gestation, resulting in transfusion, and a first trimester postoperative infection case with a fever lasting more than 3 days. These findings showed that prudent second trimester dilatation and evacuation is essentially as safe as first trimester suction curettages.
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PMID:A five-year experience with second-trimester induced abortions: no increase in complication rate as compared to the first trimester. 843 43


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