Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UNIPROT:P01178 (oxytocin)
 15,767 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The 4 principle abortion techniques are 1) dilation and curettage (D and C), 2) vacuum aspiration, 3) amniocentesis (saline injection), and 4) hysterotomy. The curettage and vacuum methods are used in the first trimester of pregnancy. Both require dilation of the cervix. The fetal material is removed with a curette or suction applied to the uterine wall. First trimester abortions usually do not require hospitalization. No abortion should be performed between 12-14 weeks. After 14 weeks, ideally 20 weeks, amniocentesis is the preferred method. It is a more complicated procedure involving removal of amniotic fluid and replacement with hypertonic saline solution, resulting in fetal death and expulsion. Oxytocin may also be used to induce labor. Reported complications run from 5-15% Hospitalization is up to 48 hours. A hysterotomy requires exposure of the uterus by a surgical opening in the abdomen. The uterus is opened and fetal material delivered. Once a hysterotomy is performed, all other pregnancies must be delivered by caesarean section. The psychological considerations of abortion have not been carefully studied under the new laws. No clear consensus exists as to the psychological aftereffect of abortion. If a woman desires an abortion and does not receive one, there is a likelihood of psychological effects, as for a woman who does not desire an abortion and receives one. Conflict occurs only when a woman is not sure of her own decision. Moral considerations imposed by abortion service personnel will also set up a conflict for the patient. The abortion seeker must know her own attitudes regarding the sanctity of life and her social role as a woman and be psychologically prepared to actually arrange for the operation.
 ...
PMID:The advent of legal abortion and surgical abortion techniques. 103 93

The pharmacological effects of oxamate on the spontaneous or the oxytocin-induced motility of isolated rat uterus in a solution with lactate as the sole external substrate were investigated during estrus, following ovariectomy, and after castration accompanied with estradiol replacement therapy. Uterine preparations were tested for mechanical activity (isometric-developed tension and the frequency of contractions). Initial oxytocin-induced activity of the uterus of rats in induced estrus was significantly greater than spontaneous activity (p.01). Oxamate added to the suspension was ineffective in modifying this activity. In castrate rats, however, the addition of oxamate to the medium significantly reduced oxytocin-driven and spontaneous motility. Those ovariectomized rats receiving replacement therapy were also resistant to oxamate effects. The effects of oxamate upon pyruvate levels of oxytocin-exposed uterine tissue were also determined. In the presence of oxamate, levels of uterine pyruvate in all the hormonal conditions were significantly lower than in controls (p.001).
 ...
PMID:Effects of oxamate, an inhibitor of lactate dahydrogenase, upon the spontaneous or oxytocin-induced motility and over pyruvate levels of uterine horns isolated from ovariectomized or estrus rats. 103 72

Analogues of oxytocin and deaminooxytocin with 4-glutamine replaced by 4-glutamic acid methyl ester readily lose their uterotonic activity when incubated with rat serum, presumably by hydrolysis to the much less active 4-glutamic acid derivatives. On the other hand, inactivation of the deaminooxytocin analogue in the rat uterus, as demonstrated by the "oil-bath" technique, is only slightly more rapid than that of deaminooxytocin and distinctly slower than that of oxytocin. Its in situ/in vitro ratio of uterotonic activity is less than 0.1 whereas that for deaminooxytocin is about 3 and also the peristence of the uterotonic effect in situ is slightly less than that of deaminooxytocin. The results with these "rapidly inactivated" analogues can be used as proof of some predictions of the three-compartment model for tissue distribution of neurohypophysial hormones and its influence upon the time course of a biological response published earlier. The potential use of analogues of neurohypophysial hormones as probes for inactivation mechanisms and the results thus far obtained are discussed.
 ...
PMID:Modes of inactivation of neurohypophysial hormones: significance of plasma disappearance rate for their physiological responses. 105 86

The effect of intrauterine saline on reproductive function was studied by infusion of mares in anoestrus, dioestrus, oestrus and prolonged dioestrus. Anoestrous mares were unaffected except near the beginning and end of the breeding season when anovulatory heats were induced. Dioestrous mares infused between Days 5 and 9 returned to heat an average of 3-8 days earlier than expected, and infusions during dioestrus were followed by ovulatory heats of normal fertility. Three mares in prolonged dioestrus showed ovulatory heats within 3 to 9 days of infusion. Infusions during oestrus had no appreciable effect. Repeated infusions were clinically harmless but post-infusion bacteriological swabs from the uterus were positive. In two cases studied, infusion was followed by a fall in peripheral plasma progestagen concentrations. Evidence was obtained that vaginal and cervical dilatation and oxytocin were not involved in the mechanisms and it is postulated that the luteolytic effect of intrauterine saline is mediated by prostaglandin.
 ...
PMID:Influence of intrauterine saline infusion upon the oestrous cycle of the mare. 106 Jul 83

A clinical team in the Dept. of Obstetrics and Gynecology of the Albert Einstein College of Medicine investigated the effects of several prostaglandin compounds of human pregnancy. Women between 8 to 20 weeks gestational age had pregnancy termination through: 1) intraamniotic PGF2alpha (prostaglandin F2a) administration (n=20, 15.9 + or - 0.6 weeks pregnant, 1.4 + or - 0.4 parity); 2) extraovular PGF2a administration (n=20, 13 + or - 0.3 weeks gestation); 3) intramuscular 15-methyl PGF2a administration; 4) vaginal suppositories of PGE2 (n=110 women, 1.45 + or - 0.17 parity, 15.4 + or - 0.3 gestational weeks); and 5) induction of term labor through PGF2a and PGE2 administered orally, intravenously, vaginally, and extraovularly. In the 1st group, the 20 women aborted in 16.5 + or 2.1 hours with an average total dose of 24.3 + or - 1.1 mg. In the 2nd group, the 20 women aborted in 17.9 + or - 2.9 hours with 11 + or - 1.8 mg PGF2a. The 24-hour cumulative abortion rate was 83%. In both intraamniotic and extraovular groups, prostaglandin side effects were noted in 25% to 70% of the women. Incidence of retained placentas was also high. In the 3rd group, abortion did not follow a predictable pattern and side effects occurred in virtually all women, making this approach unacceptable as a therapeutic method. The vaginal suppositories resulted in a mean abortion interval of 14.12 + or 0.7 hours with an average total dose of 78.3 + or - 0.12 mg. Induction of term labor using PGF2a and PGE produced results which are not superior to those of intravenous oxytocin in term pregnancies, possibly because of the biophysical properties of the term uterus. Prostaglandins appear to be effective abortifacient agents with minimal material risk, and are most effective when administered intraamniotically, extraovularly, and paracervically. The chemistry and pharmacology of prostaglandins are briefly described.
 ...
PMID:Prostaglandins in conception control. 108 Feb 45

The enzymic inactivation of oxytocin by liver, kidney, uterus and pancreas homogenate subcellular fractions of hens was studied. Oxytocin was most rapidly degraded by the soluble fraction of tissues examined. All the subcellular fractions of liver and kidney inactivated oxytocin, but only the microsomal and soluble fractions of uterus and pancreas showed the oxytocin-inactivating activity. The location of enzymes inactivating oxytocin in subcellular fractions of hen tissues was investigated with the aid of synthetic analogues of oxytocin (deamino-oxytocin and deamino-carba1-oxytocin). The carboxamidopeptidase activity, hydrolyzing the amide bonds in the linear portion of oxytocin was located in the soluble fraction of hen liver, kidney and uterus. No carboxamidopeptidase activity in the pancreatic soluble fraction was found. These results showed that aminopeptidase activity is bound to heavy subcellular particles in the hen tissue. An action of unknown endopeptidases was observed in the microsomal fraction of uterus and pancreas.
 ...
PMID:Inactivation of Oxytocin and its analogues by subcellular fractions of hen tissues. 108 26

Porcine neurophysin-I iodinated with Na125I was injected intravenously into rats and rabbits, and the rate of disappearance of radioactivity from the peripheral system was measured. Radioactively-labeled neurophysin bound to polymethylmethacrylic particles was similarly infected into the animals. The half-time for the loss of radioactivity from samples of whole blood was 6.1--6.4 min as determined over the first 5 min after administration of the protein. There was no significant difference in the half-time calculated when the radioactivity present in the trichloroacetic acid-insoluble material present in the se-um was measured. 15 min after the injection of labeled protein there was a maximum and massive uptake of radioactivity in the kidney consistent with this tissue's being important in the degradation of neurophysin. Immunoperoxidase histochemical techniques were applied to formalin-fixed kidney slices and demonstrated the presence of neurophysin-like material localized in the cells of proximal tubules of the cortex and medulla. On binding neurophysin to acrylic particles there was approximately a 10-fold increase in the uptake of radioactivity in the lungs and a 33% reduction in activity in the kidneys, as measured at the 15-min time interval. Of the other tissues studied, excluding the thyroid gland and lungs, the uterus demonstrated the greatest uptake of radioactivity of fat tissue had the least accumulation of radioactive label.
 ...
PMID:Distribution of radioactivity in tissues after the intravenous injection of free and acrylic particle bound-porcine 125I-neurophysin-I into rats and rabbits. 110 2

The author describes the history of 2 patients who experienced rupture of the uterus during prostaglandin-induced abortion. Both patients, aged 29 years (15 weeks gestational length, parity 2) and the other, 35 years old (24 weeks gestation, parity 6) presented with fetal death in utero. Both patients were managed with high doses of oxytocin as well as intravenous infusion of prostaglandins (PG) E2. Laparotomy and hysterectomy were performed on both patients. The 29-year old patient recovered uneventfully with the help of antibiotics. The 35-year old patient experienced a mild pelvic peritonitis which responded to penicillin and kanamycin. She recovered uneventfully but had to be readmitted to the hospital later because of pulmonary infarction. The infarction was successfully treated with intravenous heparin and later, warfarin. It is possible that uterine infection and multiparity predispose to rupture of the uterus although there was no evidence of old scarring in the excised uteri of the patients. The uterine rupture in both cases was associated with considerable morbidity from anemia, infection, and pulmonary infarction. It is possible that rupture of the uterus (very uncommon in midtrimester pregnancies) is a rare complication of prostaglandin-induced termination of pregnancies.
 ...
PMID:Letter: Rupture of uterus during prostaglandin-induced abortion. 111 46

The influence of amantadine on the contractile responses of the rat uterus to oxytocin in the presence of several ionic modifications of the external medium was studied both in situ and in vivo. Oxytocic effects of amantadine were observed in vivo (1 and 5 mg/kg), and in vitro (9.3 times 10-7 M to 2.8 times 10-6 M); possible competitive partial potentiation of the contractile effect of oxytocin was also observed. Amantadine, 9.35 times 10-6, 1.3 times 10-5 and 1.8 times 10-5 M, significantly reduced oxytocic activity. Calcium ions antagonized the oxytocic and antioxytocic effects of amantadine. Excess K+ and the presence of Mg2+ ions (1.8 mM/l and 1.08 mM/l respectively) reversed the antioxytocic effect of amantadine. Propranolol also reversed the antioxytocic effect of amantadine. It is postulated that the oxytocic effect of amantadine may be related to antagonism of calcium; antioxytocic activity may be explained by stabilization of the resting cell membrane, inhibiting ionic flow, and also by its catecholamine-liberating activity.
 ...
PMID:The action of amantadine on the rat uterus: its interaction with oxytocin and the effects of several ionic modifications of the medium. 112 78

Pharmacological and biochemical properties were investigated on deamino-dicarba-[Gly-7]-oxytocin (Y-5350). This is a newly developed compound, in which the disulfide bond and [Pro-7] of deamino-oxytocin are substituted by an ethylene linkage and glycine respectively. Bioassayed Y-5350 exhibited 202.6 u/mg of oxytocic activity, 4.6 u/mg of avian depressor activity, 441.2 u/mg of rat milk-ejecting activity and 0.02 u/mg of rat antidiuretic activity, however, adepressor activity was also evident in rats. In particular, the diuration of antidiuretic activity was short. Moreover, the oxytocic activity in pregnant rats and rabbits was weak in comparison with oxytocin. Cumulative dose-response studies were carried out on the isolated rat uterus using van Dyke-Hasting solution. The intrinsic activity was the same level as that of oxytocin, and the pD2 value was 8.62. Oxytocic activity was much enhanced by the existence of 0.5 or 2mM magnesium ion in vitro. However, the agreement between in vivo and in vitro oxytocic activity was not complete when assay was carried out in the prescence of 2 mM magnesium ion. Oxytocin was inactivated by the serum of pregnant women. In the experiment using rats, oxytocin was also destroyed by the extracts of uterus, kidney and liver. In contrast, Y-5350 was not destroyed by any of the enzyme solutions mentioned above.
 ...
PMID:Studies on pharmacological and biochemical properties of deamino-dicarba-[GLY-7]-oxytocin (Y-5350). 115 7


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>