Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P01178 (oxytocin)
 15,767 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The spontaneous contractility of the pelvic urethra and seminal vesicles in the rat was recorded in vivo and the effects of the electrical stimulation as well as the neurohypophysial hormones on it were studied. The mean amplitude of pelvic urethra contractions was 3.2 +/- 0.9 cm H2O and the mean frequency was 4.1 +/- 0.8 contractions/min. The seminal vesicles contractions exhibited a mean amplitude of 1.6 +/- 0.7 cm H2O and a mean frequency of 2.6 +/- 0.8 contractions/min. Each electrical stimulation produced a sudden and vigorous contraction in pelvic urethra as well as in seminal vesicles. Oxytocin and vasopressin did not change neither the amplitude nor the frequency in the spontaneous activity of these organs.
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PMID:In vivo recording of contractile activity of pelvic urethra and seminal vesicle in rats. Effects of electrical stimulations and neurohypophysial hormones. 665 Aug 86

A systematic search for neuroendocrine (NE) cells in the urogenital organs of the pig was carried out by means of Linder's argyrophil method and immunohistochemical techniques. The occurrence, distribution and immunohistochemical character of NE cells (paraneurons) were studied in the vaginal vestibulum, vagina, uterus, oviduct, ovary, urethra, urinary bladder and ureter. In the vestibular glands paraneurons were found to be the most numerous, while a moderate number of these cells occurred in the uterine horn and in the urethra. A distinctly smaller number of paraneurons was present in the oviduct and only occasional NE cells were observed in the urinary bladder. Immunohistochemistry was performed by using the peroxidase-antiperoxidase procedure. Different subpopulations of paraneurons were distinguishable. Chromogranin A-positive paraneurons were found in the vestibular glands, uterine horns, oviducts, urethra and urinary bladder. Somatostatin positivity was observed in NE cells of the vestibular gland, uterine horn, oviduct and urethra. The subpopulation of serotonin-positive paraneurons was present in the vestibular gland and urethra. Bombesin, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, cholecystokinin, substance P, nitric oxide synthase, beta-endorphin, insulin, adrenocorticotropic hormone, oxytocin and thyroid-stimulating hormone antibodies gave negative reactions in the studied NE cells.
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PMID:Neuroendocrine cells in the female urogenital tract of the pig, and their immunohistochemical characterization. 909 38

Two experiments were conducted with 24 bulls in which semen collection was attempted by transrectal massage (RM) and electroejaculation (EE). In experiment 1, bulls received the following treatments on successive semen collection days: saline 10 min prior to electroejaculation (control); saline 10 min prior to 2 min of transrectal massage followed by electroejaculation; cloprostenol (CLO) 10 min prior to 2 min of transrectal massage followed by electroejaculation; oxytocin (OXY) 10 min prior to 2 min of transrectal massage followed by electroejaculation. Transrectal massage consisted of general, back and forth motion over the ampullae, prostate and urethra with a flattened hand. In experiment 2, bulls received saline (control), oxytocin, or cloprostenol 10 min before attempting semen collection by transrectal massage. Massage was applied specifically to the ampullae for a maximum of 5 min or until a semen sample was obtained. Electroejaculation was attempted in all bulls following transrectal massage. In experiment 1, semen was obtained in <1% of bulls by transrectal massage. However, by using an improved massage technique in experiment 2, semen was obtained in 97.2% of attempts. Semen was obtained in 96.9 and 98.9% of attempts by electroejaculation in experiments 1 and 2, respectively. Oxytocin treatment increased the time to penile protrusion during electroejaculation in experiment 1 and during massage in experiment 2. In experiment 1, oxytocin decreased the time to semen emission and tended to decrease the number of electroejaculation stimuli to semen emission. Cloprostenol treatment, in experiment 1, resulted in an increased number of electroejaculation stimuli to penile protrusion, but did not affect the number of stimuli required for semen emission. Massage of the ampullae prior to electroejaculation reduced both the time to semen emission and the number of electroejaculation stimuli required for semen emission. Transrectal massage of the ampullae was very effective in this experiment for producing semen emission, but quantity of semen samples was less than for electroejaculation. The usefulness of transrectal massage for semen collection in breeding soundness evaluations needs to be investigated further under field conditions.
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PMID:Use of oxytocin and cloprostenol to facilitate semen collection by electroejaculation or transrectal massage in bulls. 1503 98

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a leading disorder of the elderly male population that is characterised by a progressive enlargement of prostatic tissue, resulting in obstruction of the proximal urethra and causing urinary flow disturbances. The pathophysiology of BPH associated with lower urinary tract symptoms is characterised by increased adrenergic tone (dynamic component) leading to smooth muscle contraction and prostatic overgrowth due to androgenic stimulation (static component); therefore, the therapeutic armamentarium of BPH can be broadly divided into antiadrenergic and antiandrogenic approaches. alpha1-Adrenoceptor antagonists and 5alpha-reductase inhibitors are well-established representatives of the two categories, respectively. Other antiandrogenic approaches involve gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists and antagonists for the treatment of prostate hyperplasia. Apart from these approaches, new approaches with novel targets are emerging. The advent of new therapies is, however, more oriented towards the static component. These involve metabolic factors (hexokinase inhibitor), growth factors (vitamin D3 analogues), oxytocin antagonists and gonadotropin-releasing hormone Gi agonist-based therapies. Gene therapy and photodynamic therapies are other emerging therapies for relieving symptoms in BPH patients. With the initial success of upcoming targets, the unmet need to develop an efficacious and relatively safe therapeutic modality is discussed. Nevertheless, their long-term safety and efficacy needs to be evaluated in large-scale clinical trials. The future also belongs to combination therapies to combat both dynamic and static disease components and for extended indications such as micturition disorder and non-bacterial prostatitis.
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PMID:Benign prostatic hyperplasia: an insight into current investigational medical therapies. 1625 76

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Bersama engleriana and its potential mechanism on fictive ejaculation in spinal male rats. The electromyographic activities of the bulbospongiosus muscles were recorded in spinal cord transected and urethane-anesthetized rats treated intravenously with aqueous (100 mg kg(-1)) and methanolic (100 mg kg(-1)) extracts from the dried leaves of B. engleriana in the absence and presence of dopamine (0.1 micromol kg(-1)) or oxytocin (0.5 UI kg(-1)). Mechanical stimulations of the urethra were also carried out 5 min after the sequential treatments. A single intravenous administration of aqueous (100 mg kg(-1)) and methanolic (100 mg kg(-1)) extracts of B. engleriana did not activate fictive ejaculation. The electromyography recorded after the application of the plant extract was similar to that obtained after intravenous saline injection (200 Gl min(-1)) with no contraction of the bulbospongiosus muscles. Dopamine (0.1 micromol kg(-1)) and oxytocin (0.5 UI kg(-1)) induced rapid rhythmic contractions (P < 0.001) of the bulbospongiosus muscles accompanied by penile erection and sometimes with expulsion of the seminal plugs. Pre-treatment of rats with the two plant extracts completely abolished the occurrence of ejaculation induced by dopamine (0.1 micromol kg(-1)) and oxytocin (0.5 UI kg(-1)). Mechanical stimulation of the urethra carried out 5 min after the sequential treatments always induced penile movements and erections. The inhibitory effect of B. engleriana extracts on the expression of fictive ejaculation in spinal male rat is mediated through dopaminergic and oxytocinergic pathways. This prolonged ejaculatory latency caused by B. engleriana could support its potential use in patients with rapid ejaculation.
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PMID:Evaluation of the excopula ejaculatory potentials of Bersama engleriana in spinal male rats. 1964 36