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Query: UNIPROT:P01178 (oxytocin)
 15,767 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effect of the treatment was controlled by measurements of plasma renin activity and aldosterone concentration. These observations concern maternal toxemia treated by diuretic and dietary sodium restriction two weeks before delivery. In two cases, labor was augmented with oxytocin infusion. These cases illustrate the respective role of sodium depletion and hemodilution in the occurrence of maternal and neonatal hyponatremia. They emphasize the amount of sodium supplementation in these newborn infants.
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PMID:[Neonatal hyponatremia from maternal origin. Three cases (author's transl)]. 40 18

Prostaglandin A is known to be an antihypertensive vasodepressor agent produced by the kidney and has the basic potentialities of a hormone. No information is available at present concerning its effect on the human pregnant uterus and whether it can be used as an oxytocic compound to induce labour. The uterine stimulating and labour inducing ability of PGA1 was evaluated in 10 cases; seven patients were suffering from pregnancy toxemia while three were normal pregnancies near full term. Cardiotocographic tracings showed that uterine activity was markedly stimulated to a degree sufficient to induce labour. Continuous i.v. infusions at a rate of 0.25-1.0 mug/Kgm/min given over a fixed period of only 6 hours resulted in delivery in all cases except one following the discontinuation of administration. Beneficial effects on blood pressure were observed in toxemic subjects. Potentially serious FHR patterns and occasional hypertonus during therapy were seen and stress the need for more information to evaluate the safety, optimum dosage and duration of infusion as well as the place of this approach in clinical practice for the management of pregnancy toxemia. The absence of antidiuretic effect, the hypotensive response and uterine stimulating property of PGA1 indicate a possible advantage in toxemia of pregnancy as compared to oxytocin infusions.
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PMID:Renal prostaglandins for induction of labour-a dual clinical advantage in toxemia of pregnancy. 78 55

Programmed labor defined as a planned natural delivery was carried out in 128 women. The group included 43 gravida I (average age 24.6 years) and 85 gravida II (average age 29.2 years). Indications for programmed labor included late toxemia (44), prolonged pregnancy (23), ABO and Rhesus isoimmunization (24) fetal hypotrophy (8), and extragenital diseases (29). All patients had relative indications for cesarean section. Planned labor was conducted at gestation age of 36-38 weeks in 24 women, at 39-41 weeks in 81, and at 42-43 weeks in 23. Predelivery management included administration of prostaglandin synthesis inducers, spasmolytics, estrogens (300-500 units/kg, intramuscularly). In the evening prior to labor induction, the patients received intracervical administration of prostaglandin gel. Labor was induced by oxytocin or prostaglandin administration. Oxytocin dose depended upon the body weight and ranged from 5 units (1 ml) for the body weight of 50-69 kg to 7,5 units (1.5 ml) for 70-89 kg, and 10 units (2 ml) for the body weight of over 90 kg. Oxytocin was given by an intravenous drip starting with 8-10 drops/min and gradually increasing to 30-40 drops/min. Prostaglandin (5 mg per 500 ml of solution) was given by an intravenous drip starting with 20 drops/min and gradually increasing to 40 drops/min. Effectiveness of oxytocin or prostaglandin dose was estimated by stability of uterine contractions and by the rate of cervix dilatation. Normal duration of labor was no more than 10-12 hr for gravida I and no more than 8 hr for gravida II. Of 128 women, 116 had normal vaginal delivery and 12 had to undergo emergency cesarean section. Delivery was complicated by cervix rupture in 9 patients. All 128 women gave birth to live babies. Agar score ranged from 8-9 in 108, to 7 in 15, and 6 in 5.
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PMID:[Experience with conducting programmed labor]. 186 70

This paper presents 2 cases of intrauterine death induced satisfactorily using intrauterine extraamniotic Prostin E2. The 1st case involved a 39-year old woman with severe hypertension and superimposed toxemia. She was admitted at 24 weeks with a blood pressure of 175/100 mm Hg, albuminuria, and edema. Ultrasonic biparietal measurement showed increasingly retarded fetal growth. Intrauterine death occured at 32 weeks. Labor was induced with intrauterine extraamniotic Prostin E2 introduced by a Foley catheter. This was the method of choice because of the patient's hypertension, albuminuria, and impaired renal function. The patient delivered uneventfully after 5 hours and 3 doses of 2 ml. There was no puerperal pyrexia. The 2nd case involved a 38-year old woman who suffered intrauterine death at 28 weeks due to severe Rhesus isoimmunization. Intravenous oxytocin and intravenous prostaglandin were initially used unsuccessfully to induce labor. Labor was induced rapidly using PGE2 via the intrauterine extraamniotic route. Full dilation was achieved with intravenous oxytocin. Induction delivery interval was 9 hours. There was no puerperal pyrexia. It is suggested that intrauterine but extraamniotic PGE2 is a reasonable method of induction in cases of intrauterine death because of the short induction delivery interval. Active management of intrauterine death is needed to avoid potentially serious complications, the most serious of which is the risk of coagulation disorder if the dead fetus is left in utero. Other important considerations are the patient's hospital beds. Intrauterine extraamniotic PGE2 may be safer and more effective than amniotomy and intravenous oxytocin and intraamniotic hypertonic saline because the membranes are left intact and because of the rapid induction time.
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PMID:Intrauterine death treated with intrauterine extra-amniotic prostaglandin E2. 446 77

Levels of prekallikrein and HMW kininogen that had increased during pregnancy decreased with start of labor. The role of the kinin-forming system with oxytocin in the mechanism of labor was suggested from the results of decreased prekallikrein and HMW kininogen, appearance of a free kallikrein-like enzyme during labor, and from the case of arrested labor in which both prekallikrein and HMW kininogen were markedly decreased. Prekallikrein was markedly decreased in patients with acute obstetrical DIC and severe toxemia of pregnancy. The excessive activation of prekallikrein in DIC seemed to be of help for understanding such clinical signs as shock, abnormal labor, and increased permeability in obstetrical DIC.
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PMID:The kinin-forming enzyme system in pregnancy and obstetrical DIC. 642 Dec 72

Clinical studies throughout the world will probably result in the use of prostaglandins (PGs) in the near future for treatment of some cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and respiratory diseases in addition to their present use in gynecology and obstetrics. The discovery in 1971 that acetylsalicylic acid and a series of other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs inhibit the biosynthesis of PGs provided an explanation for the analgetic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory activity of these drugs and formed a rational base for their use in a variety of pathological situations believed to involve PGs. The most important indications for the use of PGs in human reproduction include induction of labor; cervical priming; termination of pregnancy in the 2nd or 1st trimester; management of fetal death, missed abortion, intrauterine death near term, hydatidiform mole, and anencephaly; and postpartum hypotonus. 1 of the main contributions of PGs in obstetrics is their ability to stimulate the uterus throughout pregnancy and their suitability in cases in which the uterus is not receptive to oxytocin. Work is underway to develop more satisfactory routes of administration, perhaps vaginally, to achieve more satisfactory control of side effects, and to increase the duration of action through development and substitution of synthetic androgens. PG biosynthesis inhibitors have been used successfully in treatment of premature labor in some cases. PGs of the E series have been used for temporary treatment of cardiac malfunction such as transposition of the main arteries or pulmonary atresia, the vasodilating PGs such as PGI2 or PGE1 have been used in peripheral vascular disease such as arteriosclerosis obliterans and Raynaud's disease, and are currently under investigation in the treatment of pulmonary hypertension, spontaneous angina, and toxemia. Prostacyclin has recently become available in Great Britain as an antiaggregating agent for use during charcoal hemoperfusion, hemodialysis, and extracorporeal circulation in open heart surgery. The antisecretory activity of PGs, partially mediated through a stimulation of mucus secretion, has led to their use in treatment of stomach ulcers. Clinical application of PGs in respiratory problems has not progressed far, but recently synthesized analogues could become useful in treatment of some asthmatic disorders.
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PMID:Clinical use of prostaglandins in perspective. 686 38

The low postpartum levels of PGI2 interacting with oxytocin vis-a-vis myometrial contractility may prevent postpartum hemorrhage. Predisposing factors for atonic postpartum bleeding are uterine overdistension, grand multiparity, prolonged labor, anemia, toxemia, and heavy narcosis. Routine administration of oxytocic agents reduce uterine atony. In 1 group of 40 patients .2 mg methyl ergometrine given iv postplacentally produced less bleeding than in the other group of 40 getting placebo. 1 mg of iv PGE1, .2 mg ergometrine, 3 IU oxytocin or a combination of PGE1 and ergometrine was compared in 180 women. PGE1 did not reduce blood loss. PGF2alpha was used successfully to induce labor in 21 women reducing blood loss compared to oxytocin. Another 10 women received in syntometrine and 5 got im .25 mg sulprostone at the moment of crowning, and the latter reduced postpartum blood loss. 90 women in 3 groups of 30 each at high risk of hemorrhage were injected im .2 mg methyl ergometrine maleate, .25 mg 15-methyl-PGF2alpha, and .5 mg sulprostone, respectively, resulting in prevention of severe hemorrhage. Intramyometrial injection of .5-1 mg of PGF2alpha induced uterine contractions and controlled bleeding in atonic hemorrhage when oxytocin failed. 20 mg PGE2 vaginal suppositories controlled postpartum atony after cesarean section, although fever and hypotension did occur. Im 15-methyl-PGF2alpha proved superior in producing hemostasis to intramyometrial PGF2alpha injection. In 2 studies .25 mg of 15-methyl-PGF2alpha was injected at 1.5 hour intervals arresting hemorrhage in 15 out of 16 and 18 out of 20 cases, respectively. Intrauterine infection caused all 3 failures. Sulprostone by infusion of 1.7-30 mcg/min or by 500 mcg im injection also controls postpartum hemorrhage.
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PMID:The use of prostaglandins in post-partum haemorrhage. 1231 32

The delivery haemorrhage is actually a problem of public health. It is responsible of 31.5 % of the maternal death in Tunisia. The goal of this work is to study the frequency of this complication, its gravity, its risk factors, its etiologists and its methods of treatment. It is a retrospective study. of 65 cases of delivery haemorrhage recorded to the obstetric gynaecology service "C" of the centre of motherhood and neonatology of Tunis during 4 years. The frequency of the delivery haemorrhage in our study is 1.19%. The middle age of the patient is of 31 years. Their middle parity is 2.4. Factors of risk taking out again our set are: gestational toxemia (35.4%), primiparity (33.8%), advanced maternal age (30.7%), pre-existent anaemia (24.6%). the uterine surdistension (21.3%), an abnormal middle length of labour (69.6%). use of oxytocin during labour (34%), induction (21.5%). Etiologists in our set are: atone in 63% of cases, retained placenta in 31.2% des cases, coagulopathie (9.2%), placenta previa (1.5%), uterine inversion (1.5%). The hold must be in charge multidisciplinary, systematized, precocious and dynamic.
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PMID:[Haemorrhage delivery. About 65 cases]. 1691 78