Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P01178 (oxytocin)
 15,767 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The question was posed, whether a relationship could be established between prenatal and perinatal events and subsequent sudden infant death. The birth records of eighty mothers, whose infants died of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) between 1982 and 1987, were reviewed for obstetric complications. The records immediately following the respective SIDS cases served as controls. A family history of SIDS was found significantly more often in the SIDS group than in the control group (p less than 0.001). Oxytocin was administered significantly more often in the SIDS group than in the control group: 54/80 (= 68%) and 20/80 (= 25%, p less than 0.001), respectively. Smoking, hypotension requiring treatment and the administration of tocolytic agents were found significantly more frequently in the SIDS group than in the control group (p less than 0.01, p less than 0.001, and p less than 0.05). Transient fetal hypoxia, as a result of reduced flow in the uterine artery, seems possibly to be connected to the vasoactive agent Oxytocin when occurring in the three above named groups. Whether these situations are connected to a later development of SIDS, has not, to date, been confirmed.
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PMID:[Are there pre- or perinatal risk factors for sudden infant death?]. 273 42

The hypothalamus has been claimed to be involved in a great number of physiological functions in development, such as sexual differentiation (gender, sexual orientation) and birth, as well as in various developmental disorders including mental retardation, sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), Kallman's syndrome and Prader-Willi syndrome. In this review a number of hypothalamic nuclei have therefore been discussed with respect to their development in health and disease. The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) is the clock of the brain and shows circadian and seasonal fluctuations in vasopressin-expressing cell numbers. The SCN also seems to be involved in reproduction, adding interest to the sex differences in shape of the vasopressin-containing SCN subnucleus and in its VIP cell number. In addition, differences in relation to sexual orientation can be seen in this perspective. The vasopressin and VIP neurons of the SCN develop mainly postnatally, but as premature children may have circadian temperature rhythms, a different SCN cell type is probably more mature at birth. The sexually dimorphic nucleus (SDN, intermediate nucleus, INAH-1) is twice as large in young male adults as in young females. At the moment of birth only 20% of the SDN cell number is present. From birth until two to four years of age cell numbers increase equally rapidly in both sexes. After this age cell numbers start to decrease in girls, creating the sex difference. The size of the SDN does not show any relationship to sexual orientation in men. The large neurosecretory cells of the supraoptic (SON) and paraventricular nucleus (PVN) project to the neurohypophysis, where they release vasopressin and oxytocin into the blood circulation. In the fetus these hormones play an active role in the birth process. Fetal oxytocin may initiate or accelerate the course of labor. Fetal vasopressin plays a role in the adaptation to stress--caused by the birth process--by redistribution of the fetal blood flow. Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) neurons of the PVN play a central role in stress response. Thus fetal CRH neurons may play a role in the timing of the moment of birth. Recently, alterations have been described in peptidergic, aminergic and cholinergic transmitters in the hypothalamus in SIDS. Future research will have to establish whether these changes are part of the course of SIDS. A large proportion of the SON and PVN neurons also produce tyrosine hydroxylase (TH). In neonates the majority of TH-immunoreactive neurons colocalizes vasopressin, while in the adult the majority of TH-positive neurons colocalizes oxytocin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Development of the human hypothalamus. 764 57