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Query: UNIPROT:P01178 (oxytocin)
 15,767 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Prolonged pregnancy was rigorously defined in 180 gravid women without other complications. Patients were randomly assigned to be serially followed, either by amniocenteses or by oxytocin challenge tests (OCT's). Induction of labor, based upon only (1) a finding of meconium in the amniocentesis group or (2) a positive test in the OCT group, was nearly three times more frequent in the amniocentesis group. The incidence of meconium, which overall was 22% initially and 44% at delivery, as well as the frequencies of obstetric and perinatal complications, were similar in both management groups. Although meconium was significantly associated with abnormal labor progression, intrapartum fetal distress, and low 1 and 5 minute Apgar scores, induction of labor after discovery of meconium, when compared to nonintervention, did not improve perinatal outcome. It is concluded that a search for meconium is of little value in the management of prolonged pregnancy.
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PMID:Management of prolonged pregnancy: results of a prospective randomized trial. 45 72

The study group consisted of 82 primigravid and 55 multiparous women with post term pregnancy, preeclampsia, intrauterine growth retardation, insufficiency of placenta and diabetes mellitus have induced labor. Prepidil (Upjohn) in dosage 0.5 mg was given into uterine cervix of 46 patients (PG group) and oxytocin was infused to 42 patients in dosage ranged from 5 mU/min to 30 mU/min (Ox group). Induction of labor has been considered as successful, if after 12 hours of drug administration, regular contractions of uterus and dilation of cervix more than 3 cm were obtained. Significant improvement of cervix state, measured by Bishop score has been observed only in PG group, even if the induction of labor failed. Similar rates of caesarean sections and the same occurrences of late and variable decelerations have been observed in both study groups. Results obtained in both these groups suggest that induction of labor in such pregnancies after prostaglandins administration is more effective than oxytocin infusion.
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PMID:[Induction of labor by using PGE2 and oxytocin in high risk pregnancies]. 130 12

The obstetrician does not pay attention to electrolytes in the amniotic fluid inspite of its great significance in the fetal homeostasis since its disturbance causes quick death of the fetus. In the presented article we aimed not only to describe reference values of sodium potassium, chloride and calcium but to examine their changes in prepathological and pathological states. 135 women with changes in the course of pregnancy of various character were investigated as well as 200 control women with normally progressing pregnancy. The results showed that there was steady state in the concentration of the indicated electrolytes during the whole pregnancy. There were no statistically significant changes in electrolyte concentrations neither in preterm or prolonged pregnancy, nor in acute or chronic fetal asphyxia, in meconial and hematinic mexures samples as well as in oxytocin infusions with a medium of saline. There was only highly significant lowering of the amount of calcium ions in the amniotic fluid of women with pre-eclampsia. Analysis of the results show that the kidney, finding itself in functional correlation with the placenta, is reliable regulator of the internal and external homeostasis of the fetus.
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PMID:[Electrolyte studies of the amniotic fluid]. 178 66

Programmed labor defined as a planned natural delivery was carried out in 128 women. The group included 43 gravida I (average age 24.6 years) and 85 gravida II (average age 29.2 years). Indications for programmed labor included late toxemia (44), prolonged pregnancy (23), ABO and Rhesus isoimmunization (24) fetal hypotrophy (8), and extragenital diseases (29). All patients had relative indications for cesarean section. Planned labor was conducted at gestation age of 36-38 weeks in 24 women, at 39-41 weeks in 81, and at 42-43 weeks in 23. Predelivery management included administration of prostaglandin synthesis inducers, spasmolytics, estrogens (300-500 units/kg, intramuscularly). In the evening prior to labor induction, the patients received intracervical administration of prostaglandin gel. Labor was induced by oxytocin or prostaglandin administration. Oxytocin dose depended upon the body weight and ranged from 5 units (1 ml) for the body weight of 50-69 kg to 7,5 units (1.5 ml) for 70-89 kg, and 10 units (2 ml) for the body weight of over 90 kg. Oxytocin was given by an intravenous drip starting with 8-10 drops/min and gradually increasing to 30-40 drops/min. Prostaglandin (5 mg per 500 ml of solution) was given by an intravenous drip starting with 20 drops/min and gradually increasing to 40 drops/min. Effectiveness of oxytocin or prostaglandin dose was estimated by stability of uterine contractions and by the rate of cervix dilatation. Normal duration of labor was no more than 10-12 hr for gravida I and no more than 8 hr for gravida II. Of 128 women, 116 had normal vaginal delivery and 12 had to undergo emergency cesarean section. Delivery was complicated by cervix rupture in 9 patients. All 128 women gave birth to live babies. Agar score ranged from 8-9 in 108, to 7 in 15, and 6 in 5.
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PMID:[Experience with conducting programmed labor]. 186 70

The author aimed to compared and simultaneously interpret results from cardiotocographic, ultrasound and hormonal studies and to establish objective criteria, showing the degree of antenatal risk for the fetus. She investigated 176 pregnant women with EPH--gestosis, 136 women with chronologically prolonged pregnancy and 50 healthy pregnant women as a control group. Non stress test (NST, functional oxytocin test, quantitative and semiquantitative evaluation of cardiac frequency of the fetus (CFF) were made. Placental structure was examined by an echograph, as well as the amount of amniotic fluid. Fetal biometry was made as well. Total estrogens (TE) were determined in 24-hour diuresis. It was established that the normal curve of NST was a sign of fetal well-being, but that curve combined with deceleration, together with low values of TE, were criteria for reduced compensatory possibilities of the fetus. NST with decelerations in Braxton Hicks contractions, even part greater than 80% and "terminal" or sharply falling values of TE were signs impending fetal death.
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PMID:[Criteria for the antenatal diagnosis of chronic fetal hypoxia in certain forms of high-risk pregnancy]. 226 73

A total of 65 women in labor complicated with uterine inertia were investigated for tissue pO2 and cardiac performance of fetuses under the effect of oxytocin. The authors stated that the aggravation of fetal status in drug-induced labors resulted from poorer tissue oxygenation caused by the activation of uterine contractility. In this line, hypoxic changes of the fetus were more pronounced in pregnancies complicated by nephropathy or prolonged pregnancy. Accurate monitoring of the fetal status and the character of induced labor course was found to be mandatory. Before oxytocin induction the fetus should be protected with diazepam.
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PMID:[Tissue pO2 and fetal heart activity during induction of labor with oxytocin]. 259 30

Prostaglandin E2 gel is a useful agent for ripening and dilating the cervix. Since it is not available in the US, it must be prepared by thawing and grinding a 20 mg prostaglandin E2 suppository, mixing in a small amount of methylcelulose gel, and blending. The resulting gel is stored frozen in a 3 ml plastic syringe. The gel may be administered intracervically, intravaginally, or extraamniotically. Cervical administration of .5 mg prostaglandin E2 in 2-3 ml of viscous gel is most popular, but intravaginal administration is easiest, although it requires a higher dose (1-5 mg prostaglandin E2 in 2-10 ml of gel). The condition of the cervix is usually favorable for labor induction within 12 hours (range 4-24 hours). 59 clinical trials were conducted among 3313 pregnancies. In patients with unfavorable cervix induction of labor was successful in 83% of those treated with the gel but in only 53% of untreated patients. In women with an unfavorable cervix the gel is more effective if administered intracervically. In patients with favorable cervix, 66% of nulliparas and 82% of multiparas were delivered without oxytocin. Prostaglandin E2 gel has been used successfully even in women with prolonged pregnancy, hypertension, ruptured membranes, and fetal death. It can also be used to induce late 1st trimester abortion. Side effects of the gel are mild and minor. Prostaglandin E2 gel has thus been shown to effect cervical ripening and dilatation, reduce induction failures, shorten the induction-delivery interval, reduce oxytocin use, and lower the need for cesarean sections. Prefabricated prostaglandin E2 delivery systems should be approved by the Food and Drug Administration for commercial use.
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PMID:Prostaglandin E2 gel for cervical ripening and induction of labor: a critical analysis. 264 30

The case of a 38-year old 3/1 gravida with prolonged pregnancy is discussed. Labour was induced with a prostaglandin (PgE2-) vaginal tablet 4 days after an oxytocin stress test had failed. After rapid labour development, imminent fetal asphyxia suddenly occurred, leading to an emergency cesarean section. A rupture of the left uterus wall rupture with laceration of uterine vessels was demonstrated. This is the first case report of a uterus rupture that happened in prolonged pregnancy without predisposing risk factors after a single PgE2 dose that was correctly placed into the posterior fornix.
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PMID:[Uterine rupture without predisposing factors after a single vaginal PgE2 administration in prolonged pregnancy]. 787 64

Labour was induced with propranolol and oxytocin in 60 female patients with prolonged pregnancy. An outcome was favourable in 88%. No effect of propranolol on fetal pulse rate and general maternal state was seen. Propranolol shortened I phase of labour by approximately 30% in primigravidae.
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PMID:[Induction of labor in prolonged pregnancy with propranolol as a personal evaluation]. 808 19

Labor is induced if pregnancy must be completed before the onset of spontaneous labor, usually for reasons of maternal illness, fetal distress or, most commonly, prolonged pregnancy. Although various mechanical methods are available for labor induction, pharmacologic methods are more commonly used. Oxytocin is the standard treatment. Prostaglandin E2 may be useful when the cervix is not favorable for induction. This article reviews both nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic methods for labor induction, and offers suggestions for successful induction in various circumstances.
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PMID:Induction of labor. 817 40


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