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Query: UNIPROT:P01178 (oxytocin)
 15,767 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The obstetrician does not pay attention to electrolytes in the amniotic fluid inspite of its great significance in the fetal homeostasis since its disturbance causes quick death of the fetus. In the presented article we aimed not only to describe reference values of sodium potassium, chloride and calcium but to examine their changes in prepathological and pathological states. 135 women with changes in the course of pregnancy of various character were investigated as well as 200 control women with normally progressing pregnancy. The results showed that there was steady state in the concentration of the indicated electrolytes during the whole pregnancy. There were no statistically significant changes in electrolyte concentrations neither in preterm or prolonged pregnancy, nor in acute or chronic fetal asphyxia, in meconial and hematinic mexures samples as well as in oxytocin infusions with a medium of saline. There was only highly significant lowering of the amount of calcium ions in the amniotic fluid of women with pre-eclampsia. Analysis of the results show that the kidney, finding itself in functional correlation with the placenta, is reliable regulator of the internal and external homeostasis of the fetus.
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PMID:[Electrolyte studies of the amniotic fluid]. 178 66

The effectiveness of intravenous nitroglycerin infusion in lowering maternal blood pressure and in blunting the hemodynamic responses to endotracheal intubation was evaluated in six primigravid women with severe preeclampsia. Monitoring consisted of continuous electrocardiogram monitoring, arterial cannulation, and flow-directed pulmonary arterial catheterization in each patient. All patients underwent oxytocin induction of labor and crystalloid and/or colloid expansion to produce a pulmonary capillary wedge pressure of 10 to 15 mm Hg and a colloid osmotic pressure of greater than 17 mm Hg. Intravenous nitroglycerin was administered before induction of general anesthesia. The hemodynamic effects associated with endotracheal intubation revealed a change in the heart rate from 104 +/- 10 to 133 +/- 17 beats/min, an increase in mean arterial pressure from 134 +/- 12 to 164 +/- 32 mm Hg, and an increase in systemic vascular resistance from 1262 +/- 342 to 1351 +/- 259 dynes-sec-cm-5 that was accompanied by a small change in the cardiac index from 4.5 +/- 1.2 to 4.5 +/- 0.9 L.min-1.m-2.
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PMID:The hemodynamic effects of intubation during nitroglycerin infusion in severe preeclampsia. 847 84

The effect of severity of hypertension on fetal heart rate tracing changes and neonatal outcomes was evaluated on all patients with hypertension seen in 1980 and 1981 (666 cases, 10% of the pregnant population) in the Chicago-Lying In Hospital. The patients were grouped according to severity of hypertension, and the fetal heart rate monitoring, drugs administered, mode of delivery, and neonatal outcome were analyzed. Half of the patients (326) had mild hypertension and 13% (87) had severe hypertension; the remainder (253) had moderate hypertension. There were 49% primiparous and 51% multiparous women. The diagnosis of preeclampsia was made in 76% of cases, and chronic hypertension in 19%. Only 12% of the total were premature by dates, but 47% of this group were among the severe group. Oxytocin was given to 50%, whereas delivery was spontaneous in 56% of cases, and by cesarean section in 22%. This was higher among the severe hypertension group (37%), and the prematurity rate was 47%. Nonstress testing was done in one third of cases and only nonreactivity was associated with neonatal death. Neonatal depression (Apgar score less than 6 at 5 minutes) was significantly associated with intrapartum fixed baseline and late decelerations; these were the best predictors of fetal outcome. The administration of magnesium sulfate, hydralazine, meperidine, or morphine did not predictably affect the fetal heart rate pattern. The perinatal mortality was 21% in the mild group and 36% and 138%, respectively, among moderate and severe cases of hypertension. Close antepartum and intrapartum surveillance, including proper fetal monitoring, should help to reduce risks for mother and fetus through timely intervention.
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PMID:Effects of hypertension on pregnancy monitoring and results. 222 Sep 23

A case of intrapartum rupture of the uterus in an unscarred uterus uterus is reported. The patient was stimulated with oxytocin infusion at 42 weeks of gestation because of mild preeclampsia. Labour was uneventful for four hours, when the patient suddenly complained of abdominal pain during contractions. The fetus was found in transverse lie and no fetal heart rate could be registered. An acute cesarean section was performed and both the placenta and the child were delivered through a complete rupture extending from the right uterine horn to the vagina. Intrapartum uterine rupture is a rare but serious complication carrying high mortality rates for both mother and child. It is usually considered to be related to a weakness in the uterine wall, e.g. a previous cesarean section.
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PMID:[Rupture of the pregnant uterus]. 230 Oct 55

The customary use of Hemabate sterile solution for postpartum hemorrhage was studied at 12 cooperating obstetrics units for a 12-month period. Outcomes of interest were the characteristics of patients chosen by the attending physicians to receive the drug, conditions of drug use, and patient status after drug use. Cessation of bleeding was considered a successful outcome and in 208 of 237 cases (87.8%) the hemorrhage was controlled directly after the administration of Hemabate sterile solution. An additional 17 successful outcomes were achieved with further administration of oxytocics for an overall success rate of 94.9%. Twelve cases of postpartum hemorrhage were considered pharmacologic treatment failures, requiring surgical intervention. Among the patients in whom pharmacologic treatment failed were factors that may have played a significant role in the cause of the hemorrhage including peripheral coagulopathy, retained products of conception, lacerations, chorioamnionitis, oxytocin-induced or augmented labor, increased fetal weight, magnesium-treated preeclampsia, and cesarean delivery. However, no combination of factors could be consistently associated with pharmacologic treatment failure.
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PMID:Controlling refractory atonic postpartum hemorrhage with Hemabate sterile solution. 240 76

The contractile responses to various endogenous vasoactive agents were investigated in isolated human uteroplacental arteries from normotensive (NT) patients and patients with pre-eclampsia (PE) undergoing caesarian section. Tissue samples were obtained from the uterine incision and from macroscopically normal cotyledons. Vascular ring preparations of intramyometrial and stem villous arteries (length 1.0-1.3 mm, outer diameter 400-600 microns) were dissected and mounted in organ baths and isometric tension was recorded. Concentration-response relationships for vasopressin (VP), oxytocin (OX), angiotensin II (Ang II), noradrenaline (NA), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) were assessed. For each compound, the mean maximum contractile effect (Emax) and the drug concentration producing half-maximal response (EC50) were determined. In intramyometrial arteries from NT and PE patients, VP, Ang II, NA, 5-HT and PGF2 alpha induced contraction while OX and PGE2 produced weak or no responses. Preparations from PE patients showed higher Emax values, while no differences in EC50 were found between the two groups. In fetal stem villous arteries, Ang II, 5-HT, PGF2 alpha and PGE2 induced contractions, while VP, NA and OX produced weak responses. No differences in Emax or EC50 values were found between the fetal vessels of PE and NT patients. No qualitative differences were demonstrated in response to the agents tested between the vessels (fetal and maternal) from NT women at term and PE patients. However, the results may reflect quantitative differences, suggesting increased contractility of maternal uteroplacental arteries from women with PE.
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PMID:Effect of endogenous vasoconstrictors on maternal intramyometrial and fetal stem villous arteries in pre-eclampsia. 276 Apr 57

In this discussion of the clinical application of prostaglandins (PGs) in human reproduction, attention is directed to indications for PG administration, potential therapeutic applications, PG drugs, routes and schedules of PG administration, contraindications to PG administration, and side effects and complications. Termination of pregnancy is the most common reason for using PGs. Induction of early abortion by PGs up to 8 weeks following the 1st day of the last menstrual period offers many advantages that make this approach competitive with vacuum aspiration. Being a nonsurgical method that can be self-administered, it presents an attractive clinical potential. The preferred routes of administration are the vaginal route and to a lesser extent the intramuscular injection route. From the 8th week of gestation up to the 12th week, vacuum aspiration and conventional curettage are the most efficient abortion methods. PGs, hypertonic saline, and vaginal surgical evacuation are the most popular methods for performing 2nd trimester abortions. In abnormal pregnancies with fetal death or molar changes, PGs appear to be most valuable and to be a logical primary choice, particularly in uterine sizes exceeding 12 weeks. Induction of labor by PGs continues to be a controversial issue, but the consensus is that although these compounds may be more efficient than oxytocin, they probably are more risky at labor inducing doses from the danger of uterine hyperstimulation. Intramyometrial injection of PGF2alpha has been shown to be a valuable method for treatment of atonic postpartum hemorrhage. More recently, intramuscular administration of 15-methyl-PGF2alpha has been reported to be highly effective and life saving in severe uncontrollable atonic postpartum hemorrhage when all other nonsurgical lines of treatment already have failed. Toxemia of pregnancy is 1 area in which PGs may prove to be of clinical value in management, especially because recent reports implicate these compounds in the pathogenesis of this serious disorder. At least 3 generations of PGs have thus far developed: the classic PGE2 and PGF2alpha represent the 1st generation, and only PGE2 still is used clinically; 15-methyl-PGF2alpha, representing the 2nd generation; and the 3rd generation of PGs, the one with the greatest clinical potential for induction of abortion, made up totally of E analogues. PGs have been used by every possible route of administration, including systemic routes and locally. Recently, PGE2 was administered intranasally. The contraindications to PG administration differ according to the type of PG, the indication for use, and the mode of administration. In general terms, the absolute contraindications include glaucoma and cardiac disease. Side effects include gastrointestinal side effects.
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PMID:Clinical application of prostaglandins in human reproduction. 293 86

A case of pregnancy with foetal malformations and sonographically diagnosed partial hydatidiforme mole is reported. Pregnancy was characterized by early preeclampsia. Induction of labour was done by oxytocin in the 19th gestational week. In the present case a triploidy was diagnosed.
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PMID:[Partial hydatidiform mole--phenotype of triploidy]. 323

The effect of oxytocin infusion on the pharmacokinetics of standard intramuscular magnesium sulfate therapy was determined in 18 women with preeclampsia; the results were compared with those in seven women with preeclampsia who did not receive oxytocin. Oxytocin had no significant effects on the maternal serum magnesium and calcium ion concentrations, nor did oxytocin appear to affect the magnesium or calcium concentrations in fetal umbilical cord blood. Urinary excretion of magnesium rose 21-fold and calcium excretion rose threefold in patients receiving intramuscular magnesium sulfate in both the oxytocin and the nonoxytocin groups. Sixty-five percent of the administered magnesium was excreted during the treatment period, again with no significant differences between the oxytocin and the nonoxytocin groups. These results indicate that oxytocin does not affect the pharmacokinetics of intramuscular magnesium sulfate and no dosage adjustment of magnesium sulfate is required when oxytocin is used to induce or augment labor or when it is given during the postpartum period.
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PMID:The effect of oxytocin infusion on the pharmacokinetics of intramuscular magnesium sulfate therapy. 360 47

A group of 242 nulliparous women in spontaneous, term, first-stage, true labor, with cephalic presentations and intact membranes, underwent amniotomy in the first stage. Sixty-nine of 242 (29%) received oxytocin prior to complete dilatation. The group that received oxytocin was characterized by fewer women less than 20 years of age, more patients with an additional diagnosis such as preeclampsia, longer labors, and slower mean rates of dilatation before and after amniotomy. There was no correlation between the last dilatation rate before and the first after amniotomy. The only significant predictors of oxytocin use were cervical dilatation at amniotomy and the first rate of dilatation afterward. Of patients with dilatation at a rate of greater than or equal to 1 cm/hr from admission to amniotomy, 16% received oxytocin; if less than 1 cm/hr, 39%. Two different rate standards were used to differentiate "unsatisfactory" from "satisfactory" labor: (1) less than 1 or greater than or equal to 1 cm/hr and (2) no change or some change in dilatation. Neither of these standards, when applied to the first examination after amniotomy, predicts patients who will receive oxytocin with any reasonable degree of efficiency. Examination of cervical dilatation after amniotomy in patients who did not receive oxytocin demonstrated failure of the cervix to dilate in approximately 20% of each of three sequential examinations. Contrariwise, no dilatation for 2 hours was uncommon. Amniotomy appears to enhance the dilatation rate in patients with well-dilated cervices that are already dilating at a satisfactory rate and slows dilatation in some patients, particularly those with cervices that are less dilated. These results suggest that amniotomy should be performed for specific indications only.
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PMID:Amniotomy and the use of oxytocin in labor in nulliparous women. 407 54


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